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603 results for “fisheries”
Data from: Evaluating conservation and fisheries management strategies by linking spatial prioritisation software and ecosystem and fisheries modelling tools
1. Well-designed marine protected area (MPA) networks can deliver a range of ecological, economic and social benefits, and so a great deal of research has focused on developing spatial conservation prioritization tools to help identify important areas. 2. However, whilst these software tools are designed to identify MPA networks that both represent biodiversity and minimize impacts on stakeholders, they do not consider complex ecological processes. Thus, it is difficult to determine the impacts that proposed MPAs could have on marine ecosystem health, fisheries and fisheries sustainability. 3. Using the eastern English Channel as a case study, this paper explores an approach to address these issues by identifying a series of MPA networks using the Marxan and Marxan with Zones conservation planning software and linking them with a spatially explicit ecosystem model developed in Ecopath with Ecosim. We then use these to investigate potential trade-offs associated with adopting different MPA management strategies. 4. Limited-take MPAs, which restrict the use of some fishing gears, could have positive benefits for conservation and fisheries in the eastern English Channel, even though they generally receive far less attention in research on MPA network design. 5. Our findings, however, also clearly indicate that no-take MPAs should form an integral component of proposed MPA networks in the eastern English Channel, as they not only result in substantial increases in ecosystem biomass, fisheries catches and the biomass of commercially valuable target species, but are fundamental to maintaining the sustainability of the fisheries. 6. Synthesis and applications. Using the existing software tools Marxan with Zones and Ecopath with Ecosim in combination provides a powerful policy-screening approach. This could help inform marine spatial planning by identifying potential conflicts and by designing new regulations that better balance conservation objectives and stakeholder interests. In addition, it highlights that appropriate combinations of no-take and limited-take marine protected areas might be the most effective when making trade-offs between long-term ecological benefits and short-term political acceptability.
Data from: Spatial variability in size at maturity of golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) and implications for fisheries management
Many crab fisheries around the world are managed by size, sex and season, where males are given at least one opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) supports a commercial fishery in Southeast Alaska and legal size is based on growth and maturity information from other parts of their range. Size at maturity estimates varied for crabs among seven management areas in Southeast Alaska, where male maturity estimates increased in size with increases in latitude while maturity estimates across their North Pacific range decreased in size with increases in latitude. Depth, temperature, and harvest history were not related to variation observed in male maturity estimates. Management implications from this research include reducing legal size in some areas to maximize harvest potential and increasing in others to allow male crab the opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. A more conservative strategy would incorporate the largest maturity estimate thus, increasing the legal size which would have a negative impact to the commercial fishery, but allow male crab the opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. This study shows the importance of understanding how life history characteristics change over space and the challenge incorporating spatial variability for improved fisheries management.
Data from: Genetic isolation between coastal and fishery-impacted, offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) populations
The identification of species and population boundaries is important in both evolutionary and conservation biology. In recent years, new population genetic and computational methods for estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses in a quantitative manner have emerged. Using a Bayesian framework and a quantitative model-testing approach, we evaluated the species status and genetic connectedness of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) populations off remote northwestern Australia, with a focus on pelagic 'offshore' dolphins subject to incidental capture in a trawl fishery. We analysed 71 dolphin samples from three sites beyond the 50 m depth contour (the inshore boundary of the fishery) and up to 170 km offshore, including incidentally caught and free-ranging individuals associating with trawl vessels, and 273 dolphins sampled at 12 coastal sites inshore of the 50 m depth contour and within 10 km of the coast. Results from 19 nuclear microsatellite markers showed significant population structure between dolphins from within the fishery and coastal sites, but also among dolphins from coastal sites, identifying three coastal populations. Moreover, we found no current or historic gene flow into the offshore population in the region of the fishery, indicating a complete lack of recruitment from coastal sites. Mitochondrial DNA corroborated our findings of genetic isolation between dolphins from the offshore population and coastal sites. Most offshore individuals formed a monophyletic clade with common bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus), while all 273 individuals sampled coastally formed a well-supported clade of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus). By including a quantitative modelling approach, our study explicitly took evolutionary processes into account for informing the conservation and management of protected species. As such, it may serve as a template for other, similarly inaccessible study populations.
Data from: Strong population structure deduced from genetics, otolith chemistry and parasite abundances explains vulnerability to localised fishery collapse in a large Sciaenid fish, Protonibea diacanthus
As pressure on coastal marine resources is increasing globally, the need to quantitatively assess vulnerable fish stocks is crucial in order to avoid the ecological consequences of stock depletions. Species of Sciaenidae (croakers, drums) are important components of tropical and temperate fisheries and are especially vulnerable to exploitation. The black-spotted croaker, Protonibea diacanthus, is the only large sciaenid in coastal waters of northern Australia where it is targeted by commercial, recreational and indigenous fishers due to its food value and predictable aggregating behaviour. Localised declines in the abundance of this species have been observed, highlighting the urgent requirement by managers for information on fine and broad-scale population connectivity. This study examined the population structure of P. diacanthus across northwestern Australia using three complementary methods: genetic variation in microsatellite markers, otolith elemental composition and parasite assemblage composition. The genetic analyses demonstrated that there were at least five genetically distinct populations across the study region, with gene flow most likely restricted by inshore biogeographic barriers such as the Dampier Peninsula. The otolith chemistry and parasite analyses also revealed strong spatial variation among locations within broad-scale regions, suggesting fine-scale location fidelity within the lifetimes of individual fish. The complementarity of the three techniques elucidated patterns of connectivity over a range of spatial and temporal scales. We conclude that fisheries stock assessments and management are required at fine scales (100's km) to account for the restricted exchange among populations (stocks) and to prevent localised extirpations of this species. Realistic management arrangements may involve the successive closure and opening of fishing areas to reduce fishing pressure.
Resolving fine-scale population structure and fishery exploitation using sequenced microsatellites in a northern fish
<p>The resiliency of populations and species to environmental change is dependent on the maintenance of genetic diversity, and as such quantifying diversity is central to combatting ongoing wide spread reductions in biodiversity. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, several methods now exist for resolving fine-scale population structure, but the comparative performance of these methods for genetic assignment has rarely been tested. Here we evaluate the performance of sequenced microsatellites and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to resolve fine-scale population structure in a critically important salmonid in northeastern Canada, Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>). We also assess the utility of sequenced microsatellites for fisheries applications by quantifying the spatial scales of movement and exploitation through genetic assignment of fishery samples to rivers of origin and comparing these results with a 29-year tagging dataset. Self-assignment and simulation-based analyses of 111 genome-wide microsatellite loci and 500 informative SNPs from 28 populations of Arctic charr in northeastern Canada identified largely river-specific genetic structure. Despite large differences (~4X) in the number of loci surveyed between panels, mean self-assignment accuracy was similar with the SNP panel and with the microsatellite loci (>90%). Subsequent analysis of 996 fishery-collected samples using the microsatellite panel revealed that larger rivers contribute greater numbers of individuals to the fishery, and that coastal fisheries largely exploit individuals originating from nearby rivers, corroborating results from traditional tagging experiments. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of sequence-based microsatellite genotyping to advance understanding of fine-scale population structure and harvest composition in northern and understudied species.</p>
Data from: Evaluating tools for the spatial management of fisheries
1. The ability to define the spatial dynamics of fish stocks is critical to fisheries management. Combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the implementation of area based management through physical patrols and port side controls are growing areas of management attention. Augmenting the existing approaches to fisheries management with forensic techniques has the potential to increase compliance and enforcement success rates. 2. We tested the accuracy of three techniques that can be used to identify geographic origin (genotyping, otolith microchemistry and morphometrics). We used fish caught from three fishing grounds separated by a minimum of 5km and a maximum of 60km to list the accuracy of these approaches at relatively small spatial scales. 3. Using nearest-neighbor analyses, morphometric analysis was the most accurate (79.5%) in assigning individual fish to their fishing ground of origin. Neither otolith microchemistry (54.0%) or genetic analyses (52.4%) had sufficient assignment accuracy at the spatial scales we examined. 4. The combination of accuracy and minimal resource requirements make morphometric analyses a promising tool for assessing compliance with area based fishing restrictions at the scale of kilometers and have promising application especially in small scale fisheries through to community-based management approaches where technical and financial resources are limited.22-Jun-2018
Data from: Effects of seal predation on a modelled marine fish community and consequences for a commercial fishery
We constructed a size- and trait-based dynamic marine community model of the Celtic Sea/Biologically Sensitive Area, including grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius 1791) and harbour seals Phoca vitulina vitulina (Linnaeus 1758) to examine potential resource conflict between seals and commercial trawl fisheries. The model incorporates seal diet preference, population size and commercial fishery catch, with survey data to quantify ecological interactions between seals and fisheries. Total annual consumption by seals was an order of magnitude less than the catch of the modelled trawl fishery. Increasing fishing pressure reduced fish spawning stock biomass (SSB) much more than a proportionally equivalent increase in seal predation. For most fish species, quadrupling seal predation showed little effect on the predicted fishery catch. These results arise from relatively low seal abundance and partial niche partitioning. The fishery harvested a wider range of fish lengths and species than seals consumed. The fish community was dominated by small fish lengths and seals predated on these more than suggested by their calculated diet preference. Seal predation disproportionately affected several fish species not targeted by the fishery, but seal predation did not significantly affect the SSB of any of the species that constitute 90% of the total landings of the fishery. Synthesis and applications. Predation of fish by grey and harbour seals is unlikely to harm commercial trawl fisheries in south-west Irish waters. This conclusion differs from those of some model-based studies of other North Atlantic systems, demonstrating the need for ecosystem-specific evidence in considering such conflicts. In systems with low niche overlap between seals and fisheries, the two are largely decoupled in effect, leaving fishing pressure as the overwhelming determinant of targeted fish stock status.
Data from: Parallel evolution and adaptation to environmental factors in a marine flatfish: implications for fisheries and aquaculture management of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Unraveling adaptive genetic variation represents, in addition to the estimate of population demographic parameters, a cornerstone for the management of aquatic natural living resources, which in turn, represent the raw material for breeding programs. The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a marine flatfish of high commercial value living on the European continental shelf. While wild populations are declining, aquaculture is flourishing in Southern Europe. We evaluated the genetic structure of turbot throughout its natural distribution range (672 individuals; 20 populations) by analyzing allele frequency data from 755 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism discovered and genotyped by Double Digest RAD Sequencing. The species was structured into four main regions: Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Adriatic Sea and Black Sea, with subtle differentiation apparent at the distribution margins of the Atlantic region. Genetic diversity and effective population size estimates were highest in the Atlantic populations, the area of greatest occurrence, while turbot from other regions showed lower levels, reflecting geographical isolation and reduced abundance. Divergent selection was detected within and between the Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea regions, and also when comparing these two regions with the Black Sea. Evidence of parallel evolution was detected between the two low salinity regions, the Baltic and Black seas. Correlation between genetic and environmental variation indicated that temperature and salinity were probably the main environmental drivers of selection. Mining around the four genomic regions consistently inferred to be under selection identified candidate genes related to osmoregulation, growth and resistance to diseases. The new insights are useful for the management of turbot fisheries and aquaculture by providing the baseline for evaluating the consequences of turbot releases from restocking and farming.
Data from: Assessing reproductive behavior important to fisheries management: a case study with red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus
Spawning site selection and reproductive timing affect stock productivity and structure in marine fishes but are poorly understood. Traditionally, stock assessments measure reproductive potential as spawning stock biomass or egg production and do not include other aspects of reproductive behavior. Red drum make an excellent case study to assess these other aspects, as (1) they are highly fecund, pelagic spawners, like most exploited marine fishes; (2) their life cycle is delineated between nursery (estuarine) and adult (coastal and offshore) habitat; and (3) they are managed at these two spatial scales. This study was conducted from August 2012 to December 2013 and integrates data from multiple methods and spatial scales. Aerial surveys were used for large-scale monitoring of aggregations off two known estuarine nursery areas, Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor, Florida, USA. Capture-based sampling in Tampa Bay coastal (n = 2581) and estuarine waters (n = 158) was used to assess reproductive state and to confirm coastal spawning. To assess spatial dynamics, we acoustically tagged two population components in the Tampa Bay system, subadults from the estuary (n = 20) and adults from the coastal spawning site (n = 60). Behavioral plasticity was seen in subadult recruitment to coastal habitat, with some subadults maturing and recruiting before or during the spawning season and others (14 of 20 acoustically tagged fish) recruiting at the end of the 2012 spawning season. Both adults and recruited subadults (n = 29) were consequently detected in the Charlotte Harbor array, 132 km to the south. Spawning-site fidelity to the Tampa Bay spawning site occurred at both the population and individual scales. Aggregations consistently occurred in Tampa Bay coastal waters during the spawning season, and approximately two-thirds of tagged adults returned in the 2013 spawning season. A similar proportion of subadults returned to the Tampa Bay spawning site, exhibiting natal homing. However, these first-time spawners arrived later than repeat spawners and were detected over shorter time periods. This study, and others like it, demonstrates how integrating data from individuals tracked over space and time with more traditional population-based sampling is changing our understanding of ecological processes that affect marine fish productivity and our ability to manage for sustainablity.
Data from: Comparison of coded-wire tagging with parentage-based tagging and genetic stock identification in a large-scale coho salmon fisheries application in British Columbia, Canada
Wild Pacific salmon, including Coho salmon Onchorynchus kisutch, have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision-making. A new approach to the assessment and management of wild coho salmon, and the associated hatchery production and fishery management is needed. Implementation of parentage-based tagging (PBT) may overcome problems associated with coded-wire tag-based (CWT) assessment and management of coho salmon fisheries, providing at a minimum information equivalent to that derived from the CWT program. PBT and genetic stock identification (GSI) were used to identify coho salmon sampled in fisheries (8,006 individuals) and escapements (1,692 individuals) in British Columbia to specific conservation units (CU), populations, and broodyears. Individuals were genotyped at 304 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via direct sequencing of amplicons. Very high accuracy of assignment to population (100%) via PBT for 543 jack (age 2) assigned to correct age and collection location and 265 coded-wire tag (CWT, age 3) coho salmon assigned to correct age and release location was observed, with a 40,774–individual, 267–population baseline available for assignment. Coho salmon from un-CWTed enhanced populations contributed 65% of the catch in southern recreational fisheries in 2017. Application of a PBT-GSI system of identification to individuals in 2017 fisheries and escapements provided high-resolution estimates of stock composition, catch, and exploitation rate by CU or population, providing an alternate and more effective method in the assessment and management of Canadian-origin coho salmon relative to CWTs, and an opportunity for a genetic-based system to replace the current CWT system for coho salmon assessment.
Data from: Elasmobranch bycatch in the demersal prawn trawl fishery in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea
The elasmobranch bycatch of the Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery is investigated in detail for the first time. Fisheries observers collected data on the elasmobranch bycatch from a total of 403 trawl sets (1,273 hrs) in the Gulf of Papua. A total of 40 species of elasmobranchs were recorded ranging in size from a 12 cm disc width stingray to a 350 cm total length sawfish. High mortality rates were recorded (>80%), attributed to the long trawl durations (up to 4 hours). The future inclusion of bycatch reduction devices would likely reduce the number of larger elasmobranchs being caught and is being investigation by the PNG National Fisheries Authority. Differences in catch compositions were detected across the management zones as well as between the two monsoonal seasons (SE Monsoon and NW Monsoon). Increased monitoring and additional research is required and management plans should address the elasmobranch bycatch and in particular their high mortality rate.
FIGURES 66–68. Prenolepis fisheri holotype worker ANTWEB1008045 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
FIGURES 66–68. Prenolepis fisheri holotype worker ANTWEB1008045. Lateral, full-face, and dorsal view of the body. Images were downloaded from www.AntWeb.org and were taken by Bharti & Wachkoo (2012).
Data from: An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design
<p>Data generated by the BESTMPA package as part of Daigle et al. (2015). The R package is available at https://github.com/remi-daigle/BESTMPA and also archived at https://zenodo.org/record/259997</p> <p>The entire directories 'BESTMPA_results/' (3 volumes) and 'BESTMPA_sensitivity/' (X volumes) has been compressed into volumes to facilitate upload/download. Extracting files from a single volume will be difficult, please download all volumes from the directory of choice.</p> <p>Daigle RM, Monaco CJ and Baldridge AK. An adaptable toolkit to assess commercial fishery costs and benefits related to marine protected area network design. <em>F1000Research</em> 2015, <strong>4</strong>:1234 https://f1000research.com/articles/4-1234</p>
Weight and length measurements for 37 Mekong River fish species of the 'Dai' fishery
<p>The Lower Mekong Basin supports some of the world's largest and most diverse inland fisheries by supplying nutrition to over 60 million people and an estimated 11 billion USD of economic activity each year. Despite the nutritional and economic importance of the fishery, there are limited data available on which fishery officers and managers can build fishery stock management plans. Traditional fishery stock management relies on models of individual and population growth that in turn rely on robust individual-based data sets, preferably collected over long time scales. One such fishery for which there are robust data sets are for the "dai," or bagnet, fishery located on the Tonle Sap River that connects the Mekong River mainstream with the Tonle Sap Lake. However, datasets from the dai fishery are not publicly available, limiting their utility for understanding how catches in this fishery have changed over time. Several papers have utilized the data from the dai fishery, but none have made the data publicly available. By partnering with commercial fishers who participate in the dai fishery and in partnership with the Cambodian Department of Fisheries and the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute we collected weight and length data bi-monthly for fish captured at two dai operations starting in November 2020 and continuing to February 2021, totaling 32,274 measurements of length and weight for 37 species. Here we report weight and length data for individuals captured during this timeframe as well as calculated weight-length relationships for total length and standard length for all 37 species for which there were ³30 measurements. Plots of all weight-length regressions are also included in the data package. Finally, we report equations for converting standard length measurements to total length estimates and vice versa.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 1 Area of study in the middle Paraná River, Argentina. Numbers (Cod) indicate ports where data of commercial fisheries were obtained: Producción Pesquera Argentina (the Argentine inland fishery production; PPARG) 1–2; 7–8; 10 and Ministerio de Producción (Ministry of Production), Subdirección General de Ecología de Santa Fe, Sub-directorate General of Ecology of Santa Fe Province (PPSF 3–6; 9). LH: Laboratory of Hydroecology. INALI: Argentine National Institute of Limnology. fd: flow direction. (Modified from Rabuffetti et al., 2016)
FIGURE 6 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 6 Interannual fish abundance and size structure of landed and measured fishes (total and per species) for distinct hydroclimatic conditions. (), monthly mean water level (Hmax). (), mean monthly temperature; (), total number of individuals collected (n); (), number of individual measured (standard length Ls). () size 1-10, () size 10-20, () size 20-30, () size 30-40
FIGURE 5 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 5 (a, b) Interannual maximum water levels (Hmax) at Santa Fe Port gauge () and fluctuation of Prochilodus lineatus catches by institution datasets in the middle Paraná River 1935–2016. (c) catches per decade from PPARG and (d) INALI datasets. (), Total catch; (), adults and pre-adults; (), Young-of-the-year;, spring–summer flood events (> 4.5 m at Sante Fe Port gauge). PPARG, Producción Pesquera Argentina; PPSF, Ministerio de Producción, Sub-directorate General of Ecology of Santa Fe Province; INALI, Argentine National Institute of Limnology; LH, Laboratory of Hydroecology
FIGURE 3 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 3 (a) Maximum water levels (Hmax) and duration of floods when water level was>4.5 m at Sante Fe Port guage between 1905 and 2016. (b) Correlation between Hmax and duration of floods considering only years with biological information of fishes., Spring summer flood (SSF) events are highlighted in red
FIGURE 7 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 7 Association of sizes range of landed and measured commercial fishes with the most significant hydroclimatic variables during different hydrological conditions recorded along the studied period. (a) Argentine National Institute of Limnology (INALI) 1965–1967, 1978–1979, 1984–1985, 1992–1994; (b) Laboratory of Hydroecology (LH) (2009–2011, 2013–2015)
FIGURE 2 in Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
FIGURE 2 Cluster analysis of flow regime in the study period (1920–2016) using 18 hydroclimatic variables; spring summer flood (SSF) events are highlighted in red
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OpenNeuro
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