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3,139 results for “fits”
Extra-pair paternity enhances the reproductive fitness of urban Chinese blackbird
<p>Urbanization is a human-induced process of rapid habitat change that can affect the reproductive success of animals. The occurrence of extra-partial paternity (EPP) may be sensitive to changes in urban ecological conditions. In this study, the Chinese blackbird (<em>Turdus</em> <em>mandarinus</em>), a common breeding bird in southern Chinese cities, was selected as the focus species to explore the EPP patterns of monogamous birds in developing cities and their relationship. Over four breeding seasons, 316 Chinese blackbird nestlings and 20 adults in both urban and rural areas were monitored and genotyped for 11 microsatellite loci to determine progeny affinity. We confirmed that both the brood size and hatching rate of EPP nests were significantly larger than those of within-pair paternity (WPP) nests. The body mass, beak length, head length, and body length of 12-day age extra-pair offspring (EPO) were significantly greater than those of within-pair offspring (WPO) suggesting important benefits of EPP. However, according to the analyses of nest ecological variables, we concluded that EPP occurs most often in areas with low urbanization levels indicating some constraints for this reproductive strategy in cities. Our findings provide interesting new insights into how this growing human-induced landscape change affects mating behavior in birds, an important aspect of avian ecology and evolution.</p>
Data from: Stress-induced loss of social resilience in honeybee colonies and its implications on fitness
<p>Stressors may lead to a shift in the timing of life-history events of species causing a mismatch with optimal environmental conditions, potentially reducing fitness. In honeybees, the timing of brood rearing and nest emergence in late winter/early spring is critical, as colonies need to grow fast after winter to prepare for reproduction. However, the effects of stress on these life-history events in late winter/early spring and the possible consequences are not well understood. Therefore, we tested whether (1) honeybee colonies shift timing of brood rearing and nest emergence as a response to stressors, and (2) if there is a consequent loss of social resilience, reflected in colony fitness (survival, growth and reproduction). We monitored stressed (high load of the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em> or nutrition-restricted) colonies and presumably non-stressed colonies from the beginning of 2020 till the spring of 2021. We found that honeybee colonies do not shift the timing of brood rearing and nest emergence in spring as a coping mechanism to stressors. However, we show that there is a loss of social resilience in stressed colonies, leading to reduced growth and reproduction. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of stressors on social resilience in eusocial organisms.</p>
Data from: Coordinated ARP2/3 and glycolytic activities regulate the morphological and functional fitness of human CD8+ T cells
<p>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells rely on actin cytoskeleton remodeling to search for target cells and assemble the immunological synapse (IS) for lethal hit delivery. We here investigated how the energy expenditure related to actin remodeling might influence the fitness of human cytotoxic T cells. We first established that the spreading ability of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in conditions of LFA-1 and TCR engagement mirrored the cytotoxic potential of these cells. Morphological and functional fitness were both potentiated by IL-2, which co-stimulated the transcription of glycolytic enzymes, actin isoforms and the subunits of the ARP2/3 complex. This molecular program scaled with F-actin content and cell spreading. Blockade of glycolysis impaired F-actin remodeling at the lamellipodium, chemokine-driven motility and synaptic adhesion, while blockade of mitochondrial OXPHOS affected F-actin less severely and selectively reduced cell elongation during confined migration. Although T cells deficient for the ARP2/3 subunit ARPC1B increased their ATP content upon IL-2 exposure, their morphological and functional defects were only partially corrected, pointing to the pivotal position of ARP2/3 mediated actin polymerization as integrator of T cell energetic state. Our study therefore highlights that the ability of effector T cells to migrate, form IS and ultimately kill target cells depends on a tight coordination of their metabolic and actin remodeling activities.</p>
Fitness of two mushroom flies Bradysia minpleuroti (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera: Scatopsidae) fed on two edible mushrooms
<p><a name="OLE_LINK220"></a><a name="OLE_LINK189"></a><em>Dictyophora</em> <em>rubrovolvata</em> and <a name="OLE_LINK87"></a><em>Pleurotus</em> <em>ostreatus</em> are economically important mushrooms in China. <a name="_Hlk146231531"></a><em>Bradysia</em> <em>minpleuroti</em> Yang et Zhang and <a name="OLE_LINK71"></a><em>Cobolidia</em> <em>fuscipes</em> (Meigen, 1830) are important mushroom flies that damage the two mushrooms. In this study we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method assessed <a name="_Hlk146230932"></a>the fitness of <a name="_Hlk143696432"></a><em>B</em>. <em>minpleuroti</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>fuscipes</em> when they were respectively fed on <a name="OLE_LINK20"></a><em>D</em>. <em>rubrovolvata</em> and <em>P</em>. <em>ostreatus</em>. Our results showed that the 1st (2.39 days) and 2nd (1.41 days) instar larvae, pupa (2.87 days) and total longevity (18.19 days) of <em>B</em>. <em>minpleuroti</em> were shorter when fed on <em>P</em>. <em>ostreatus</em> than fed on <em>D</em>. <em>rubrovolvata </em>(3.46, 1.86, 3.10, 20.19 days). <a name="OLE_LINK233"></a><em>B</em>. <em>minpleuroti</em> had similar fecundity when fed on the two edible mushrooms. <em>B</em>. <em>minpleuroti</em> had higher values of net reproductive rate (<em>R</em><sub>0</sub>, 87.73), intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>, 0.2604), and finite rate of increase (<em>λ</em>, 1.2974) and shorter mean generation time (<em>T</em>, 17.19) when fed on <em>P</em>. <em>ostreatus</em> than fed on <em>D</em>. <em>rubrovalvata</em>. The developmental period of larvae stage and pupa stage of <em>C</em>. <em>fuscipes</em> were significantly affected by the two edible mushrooms. Female fecundity, total longevity, <em>R</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>r</em>, <em>λ</em> and <em>T</em> of <em>C</em>. <em>fuscipes</em> were not significantly different between the two edible mushrooms. We found that<a name="OLE_LINK174"></a> fitness of <em>B</em>. <em>minpleuroti</em> larvae had higher fitness when fed on <em>P</em>. <em>ostreatus</em> than fed on <em>D</em>. <em>rubrovolvata</em>. However, <a name="OLE_LINK183"></a>the fitness of <em>C</em>. <em>fuscipes</em> larvae had no significant difference fed on the two edible mushrooms. This study has provided valuable data and insights by delving into the adaptability of two significant pests on two edible mushrooms. It facilitates the development of more effective pest management strategies, contributing to the development of the mushroom industry.</p>
Photoionization cross-sections from exited ionic levels: analytical fits
<p>Analytical fits of photoionisation (bound-free) cross-sections from exited levels of ions with more than two electrons. The fits are based on the numerical tables computed by the Opacity Project (OP) and presented in the TOPBase database. The cross-section for each considered level was fitted using the following expression:</p> <p> \( \sigma(E) = \sigma_{\rm th} \left(A \bar E ^{p/2}+(1-A)\bar E^{1+p/2}\right) \)</p> <p>where \(\bar E =E_{\rm th}/E \) and \(E \) is the photon energy. Only a few energy levels were considered with the lowest excitation energies, typically not exceeding a quarter of the ionization energy. These fits were implemented in the code, that calculates hot LTE atmospheres of white dwarfs in the Super-Soft X-ray Sources, see the referenced paper for the details.<br>The file 'bf_cross_hot.dat' contains, for each ion, the name of ion, the level's energy and statistical weight and the fitting parameters \(E_{\rm th}, \sigma_{\rm th}, A, p \). The file 'bf_cross_hot.py' contains simple Python3 function for calculation the fitting cross-section for given ion and frequency or frequency array. In the latter case it also make a plot, if 'matplotlib' package is installed. The following ions were considered:</p> <p>CII, CIII, CIV, NII, NIII, NIV, NV, OII, OIII, OIV, OV, OVI, NeIII, NeIV, NeV, NeVI, NeVII, NeVIII, NaIV, NaV, NaVI, NaVII, NaVIII, NaIX, MgVI, MgVII, MgVIII, MgIX, MgX, AlVI, AlVII, AlVIII, AlIX, AlX, AlXI, SiVII, SiVIII, SiIX, SiX, SiXI, SiXII, SIX, SX, SXI, SXII, SXIII, SXIV, ArV, ArVI, ArVII, ArVIII, ArXI, ArXII, ArXIII, ArXIV, ArXV, ArXVI, CaV, CaVI, CaVII, CaIX, CaXIII, CaXIV, CaXV, CaXVI, CaXVII, CaXVIII, FeVI, FeVII, FeXI, FeXII, FeXIII, FeXIV, FeXV, FeXVI, FeXVIII, FeXIX, FeXX, FeXXI, FeXXII, FeXXIII, FeXXIV, FeXXV.</p>
Data from: indirect costs of reproduction and the tradeoff between offspring size and number: a framework illustrated by fitness costs and benefits of ovarian fluid
<p>Theory describing evolution of offspring size often assumes that the production cost per unit volume is the same for small and large offspring. However, this may not be true if indirect costs of reproduction (e.g., material and energetic costs of supporting offspring development) scale disproportionately with offspring size. Here we show how direct and indirect costs of reproduction can be explicitly modeled within the Smith-Fretwell framework and how observations of size-number relationships can thus be used to evaluate indirect costs. We applied this analysis to measures of egg volume and fecundity for over 300 individuals of a coastal fish species and found that the tradeoff was much stronger than the expected inverse (fecundity scaled with volume<sup>-1.843</sup>). Larger offspring were thus more expensive to produce. For our study species, an important indirect cost was that larger eggs were accompanied by disproportionately more ovarian fluid. Calorimetry and removal experiments were used to further measure both the energetic costs and fitness benefits of ovarian fluid. In addition, we show that indirect costs of reproduction can intensify size-number tradeoffs in a variety of fishes. Indirect costs of reproduction can be large and may therefore play an important role in the evolution of offspring size.</p>
Fitness landscape of substrate-adaptive mutations in evolved APC transporters
<p>Growth rate calculations:</p> <p>Single colonies of <em>S. cerevisiae</em> Δ10AA pADHXC3GH-<em>GOI</em> were inoculated in YB media supplemented with 4 mm NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and 0.1 mg/ml ampicillin, and grown until late logarithmic phase. The cultures were pelleted at 750 × <em>g</em> for 10 min at 30 °C and washed with YB media. The wells in the microplate were filled with the amino acids of interest to a final concentration of 2 mM and with culture cells to a final OD<sub>600</sub> of 0.04, to a final total well volume of 200 µl. Sterile water was added in the space between the wells to avoid evaporation. The prepared microplates included three biological replicates of the strains with the plasmid containing the gene of interest (GOI) and one biological replicate of the strain with the empty vector. The absorbance in each well was measured at 600 nm in 30 min intervals without shaking of the microplate, at 30 °C for 72 h in a SpectraMax ABS Plus plate reader. The data sets (CSV files) are the raw optical density readings from the growth assays, along with plate layout metadata (CSV files). The growth rates were derived based on the Baranyi growth model, using the <em>growthrates</em> package in <em>R</em>.</p> <p>Included transporter genes:</p> <p>Mutated transporters (script growth_rates_mutants_Baranyi2.r)</p> <p><em>AGP1</em>, <em>AGP1</em>-N, <em>AGP1</em>-V,<em> AGP1</em>-NV, <em>AGP1</em>-G, <em>AGP1</em>-T, <em>PUT4</em>, <em>PUT4</em>-S</p> <p>Wild-type transporters (script growth_rates_wild_types_Baranyi2.r)</p> <p><em>AGP1</em>, <em>BAP2</em>, <em>CAN1</em>, <em>HIP1</em>, <em>LYP1</em>, <em>MMP1</em>, <em>PUT4</em></p> <p> </p> <p>Plasmid sequences (Genbank files):</p> <p>pADHXC3GH-AGP1, pADHXC3GH-BAP2, pADHXC3GH-CAN1, pADHXC3GH-HIP1, pADHXC3GH-LYP1, pADHXC3GH-MMP1, pADHXC3GH-PUT4-S L207S, pADHXC3GH-PUT4, pADHXC3GH</p> <p> </p> <p>Measureing relative membrane fluorescence (all transporters in this study have C-terminal GFP tags):</p> <p>Micrographs were analyzed with ImageJ using the script analyse_cell_perimeter.ijm</p>
Data and code for the GECCO 2024 paper: "Understanding fitness landscapes in morpho-evolution via local optima networks"
<p>The LON and algorithm run data is available in data/ </p> <p>To run the LON extraction:</p> <p>From gymrem2d-lons/ModularER_2D, run python3 setup.py</p> <p>Direct encoding: python3 lons.py --file direct.cfg</p> <p>LSystem: python3 lons.py --file lsystem.cfg </p> <p>CPPN: python3 lons.py --file cppn.cfg</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Higher-order species interactions cause time-dependent niche and fitness differences: experimental evidence in plant-feeding arthropods
<p><strong>trajectories.csv </strong>(the raw data)</p> <p><strong>id</strong>: replicate identifier<br><strong>variant</strong>: co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture")<br><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>species</strong>: mite species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>n</strong>: population density</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.R</strong></p> <p>The R script with the GAMM fitted to the trajectory data (the GAMM model is saved as <strong>model.RData</strong>); also produces simulations from this model (saved as <strong>sim.csv</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.RData</strong></p> <p>The GAMM for growth rates.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>sim.csv</strong> (simulations from the GAMM)</p> <p><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>spec_var</strong>: combination of co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture") and species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>X1:X1000</strong>: population densities simulated from the fitted GAMM (on the log scale)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NFD_over_time_monte_carlo_gam.py</strong></p> <p>Python script to compute niche and fitness differences. Takes <strong>sim.csv</strong> (densities over time for different instantiations) and <strong>model.RData</strong> (stores the GAMM from R for the growth rates) as input and generates the file <strong>Data_NFD_monte_carlo_multi_c.csv</strong> which stores the niche and fitness differences computed for these communities.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>figures.R</strong></p> <p>The R script that produces Figures 2-4.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_biotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S3 and S4 showing the simulations of a biotic resource competition model. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_abiotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S1 and S2 showing simulations of an abiotic resource competition model. </p>
Datasets for fitting trajectories of elementary particles using deep learning
<p>Training and testing datasets of simulated elementary particles, used for fitting the trajectories of elementary particles in dense materials immersed in a magnetic field using deep learning. Once decompressed, the directory structure is the following:<br><br><em>datasets.zip:</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>training</strong> (1,762,327 particles in total): <ul> <li><strong>proton</strong>: 414,824 particles.</li> <li><strong>pion</strong>: 432,855 particles.</li> <li><strong>muon</strong>: 446,858 particles (muons and antimuons).</li> <li><strong>electron</strong>: 467,790 particles (electrons and positrons).</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>testing</strong> (1,759,491): <ul> <li><strong>proton</strong>: 412,092 particles.</li> <li><strong>pion</strong>: 432,807 particles.</li> <li><strong>muon</strong>: 447,003 particles (muons and antimuons).</li> <li><strong>electron</strong>: 467,589 particles (electrons and positrons).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><em>checkpoints.zip:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>checkpoint_rnn.pth</strong>: PyTorch weights of the RNN trained model.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>checkpoint_transformer_encoder.pth</strong>: PyTorch weights of the RNN trained model.</p> </li> </ul>
Orbital I-band differential light curves and the respective fits for the data segments.
<p>Orbital I-band differential light curves and the respective fits for the data segments. The dashed line indicates the maximum brightness of the system in the orbital phase 0.25 during all the observations. All the brightness curves are normalized in relation to this maximum brightness. The flux contribution from the disk, gainer and donor are documented versus the orbital phase, along with pictures showing the system appearance at different strings.</p>
Experimental Data for the Paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient"
<p><strong><em>The data for the paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient"</em></strong></p> <p>This is the data set with the experimental results for our paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient." We conduct more than 56 million runs, consuming more than 6.5*10<sup>14</sup> FEs as well as 150 processor years, ensuring that our results are statistically sound and rigorous. Here, you can find all the results, all the program codes used for obtaining the results, and all the tables and figures produced from the results, and the program codes used to produce them.</p> <p><strong><em>Included Files</em></strong></p> <ul> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_results.tar.xz</code> (size packed 11.7 GiB, unpacked 335.2 GiB): The complete set of log files. For each run of each experiment, one distinct text-based log file is created. The log file contains every improving step of the algorithm, the final result, and the system configuration. This archive is very large and unpacked it will occupy more than 335 GiB of hard disk space.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_end_of_run_results_and_stats.tar.xz</code> (size packed 861.4 MiB, unpacked 6,295.9 MiB): The end-of-run result qualities and consumed runtime as well as statistics thereof. These information have been extracted from the log files and are provided in form of semicolon-separated values text files. These files are much easier to consume. They do not reflect the progress of the single runs, but only their end results.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_sources.tar.xz</code> (size packed 65.5 MiB, unpacked 173.6 MiB): The complete set of <code>Java</code> sources that was used to perform the experiments. Since the random seeds of the random number generators are created in a deterministic way, you could execute this code and obtain the exactly same log files in terms of consumed FEs, improving steps, and end results as we provide in <code>ffa-empirical-complexity_results.tar.xz</code>. (Of course, your systems configuration and measured runtime in milliseconds would probably be different.)</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_evaluator.tar.xz</code> (size packed 4,015.8 KiB, unpacked 4,510 KiB): The <code>Java</code> and <code>R</code> source codes that are used to extract the end results from the log files, compute all relevant statistics, and produce the graphics in our article.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_evaluation.tar.xz</code> (size packed 417.3 KiB, unpacked 590.0 KiB): The high-level conclusions produced by the evaluator from the raw data, including tables and figures.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_saga_ffa_on_plateau.tar.xz</code> (size packed 7,238.9 KiB, unpacked 26.8 MiB): We also conducted an additional experiment to better understand the behavior of the SAGA algorithm variants using FFA on the Plateau problem. Here we provide source codes and result log files of this experiment. The result log files are much more comprehensive, as we tried to figure out why these algortihms were able to solve the Plateau problems (and they ultimately helped us to successfully do so).</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>License</em></strong></p> <p>The copyright holder of this dataset is Prof. Dr. Thomas Weise (see <a href="#contact">Contact</a>). The dataset is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p><strong><em>Contact</em></strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact the corresponding author of this dataset, Prof. Dr. <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/team/director">Thomas Weise</a> of the Institute of Applied Optimization (<a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/">IAO</a>) at <a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/english/main.htm">Hefei University</a> [<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn">合肥学院</a>] in Hefei, Anhui, China via email to <a href="mailto:tweise@hfuu.edu.cn">tweise@hfuu.edu.cn</a> with CC to <a href="mailto:tweise@ustc.edu.cn">tweise@ustc.edu.cn</a>.</p>
Data From: Fit and fatty freshwater fish: Contrasting polyunsaturated fatty acid phenotypes between hybridizing stickleback lineages
<p>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are biologically important lipids that are unevenly distributed between and throughout environments. This heterogeneity can affect the evolution of metabolic processes, as populations adapt to the resource landscape that they encounter. Here, we compare fatty acid phenotypes of stickleback over two time scales of evolutionary divergence: between two lineages with different metabolic capacities for fatty acid synthesis (i.e. different copy number of the fatty acid desaturase gene; FADS2) that independently colonized European freshwaters during the Pleistocene and Holocene; and between two ecotypes within each lineage that have diverged more recently (~150 years) in different habitats (i.e. lake and stream). We measured fatty acid profiles of wild-caught and lab-reared fish for each lineage and ecotype combination after rearing lab fish on a diet deficient in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since these lineages hybridize in nature, we also measured profiles of lab-reared hybrids and backcrosses raised on the same deficient diet. Wild fish showed strong compositional differences in fatty acids between habitats, lineages, and sexes. Common garden fish had generally lower polyunsaturated fatty acid levels than wild fish, and females had lower omega-6:omega-3 than males. Fish from the lineage with fewer FADS2 copies also had lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid. Overall, we document divergence in fatty acid phenotypes between stickleback lineages with different histories of freshwater colonization, and between ecotypes in the early stages of adaptive population divergence.</p>
Does the System of Radiological Protection Require Science to the Nth Degree to be Fit For Purpose?
<p>The objective of the of the System is "to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people and the environment" according to ICRP 103. This may be broadly accepted as the purpose of the System. An inherent requirement for protection is an understanding of the risk, where the System burdens Radiation Protection Practitioners with an assumption; a theory. Adoption of LNT has made it mandatory to wear 7 kg of PPE during for a long surgery with a short X-ray exam in the middle, adding a risk of musculoskeletal injuries. In a practical, holistic approach to safety accepting the risk of life long debilitating injury to avoid 0.0025% risk of cancer at some uncertain time is difficult to justify. The discussion paper acknowledges the uncertainty of the LNT Hypothesis. However, despite the uncertainty proposes its continuation at all radiation levels.</p> <p>Is the purpose of the System the pursuit of pure science, or is the purpose to provide practitioners with the ability to protect people?</p>
ICRP Recommendations May Be Fit-For-Purpose, But Without Adequate Human Resources, We Just Won't Get There
<p>In many countries in the world radiation protection faces an acute shortage of human resources. In particular, the medical-physics and radiation-protection professions face an acute shortage of entrants owing to the irregular number of physics/engineering graduates and low popularity of two year masters programmes. Under such conditions ICRP recommendations may of themselves be very much fit-for-purpose, however their implementation in practice is fraught with difficulties and sometimes of a dubious level. A formula needs to be found to: (a) ensure that the potential stock of entrants to the professions would be independent of erratic student numbers in physics/engineering (b) address the paradox of having to reduce the masters programme to one year at a time when the knowledge-skills-competences required for modern medical-physics / radiation-protection practice are expanding rapidly owing to the increasing complexity of medical device technology and clinical protocols. It was considered that the best way forward would be to opt for an undergraduate inter-faculty programme that combined physics and medical physics/radiation protection. The resulting four year programme consists of 5 parallel strands namely physics/mathematics/statistics, medical-physics/radiation-protection, basic-medical-sciences, research and hospital placements. The physics/mathematics/statistics component is sufficiently strong to ensure a strong scientific foundation whilst the medical-physics/radiation-protection component is sufficiently comprehensive to permit the reduction of the Masters in Medical Physics from two years to one. We are pleased to report that the innovative curricular experiment has been a great success. The combination of pure and applied physics, the inter-faculty nature of the programme (where students share lectures with both physics and healthcare professions students) together with the element of clinical practice have been found to be the most attractive features of the programme. The programme has provided a welcome boost for both the medical-physics/radiation-protection professions and indeed even physics itself.</p>
Making ICRP Recommendations 'Fit For Purpose' for the Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
<p><em>Background:</em> ICRP recommendations need to be made fit for purpose for the response to a nuclear or radiological emergency. While the System of Radiological Protection has performed well to meet its primary objective ‘to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people…’ in normal, routine activities (planned exposure situations), the System has failed in its objective related to protection of the people in emergency exposure situations. This is evident from the excess deaths, increases in morbidity (e.g., diabetes, heart diseases) and other severe effects (e.g., mental, economic, social) observed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. These adverse effects resulted from protective actions taken to avert radiation exposure, consistent with international recommendations, even though the radiation health effects avoided are negligible and not discernible. These actions were therefore not justified based on the hazard to health from radiation exposure. Too much emphasis is given to protection of people from the radiation, without due consideration to the impact of the protective action. Thus justification – to do more good than harm – is not being realised. The principle of justification has not been thoroughly or correctly considered before, in part because no tools were provided to allow the risk of protective actions to be put in perspective, so our analysis will provide a technical basis for the development of such tools.</p> <p><em>Methods:</em> Meta-analysis of more than 600 papers focusing on protective actions and non-radiological health effects for different disasters (including nuclear and natural disasters). Analysis in terms of absolute risk (cases per 1000) of the health effects resulting from protective actions and radiation health effects from the averted dose based on the LNT fatal risk coefficient of 5% per Sv.</p> <p><em>Results</em>: Preliminary results are presented. We estimate approximately 15 excess early deaths per 1000 among the general population and 30 among those in long term care facilities following dislocations resulting from protective actions, while only 1 hypothetical excess radiation-induced cancer (late) death per 1000 would be averted if protective actions are taken at 20 mSv total effective dose – a criterion used in many countries for implementation of protective actions.</p> <p><em>Conclusions:</em> Implementing protective actions can result in more excess deaths than assumed to result from the radiation expose averted. Such negative impacts to the health of people must be accounted for in the System of Radiological Protection and recommendations concerning their application, or they are failing to protect people effectively.</p>
Genetic and fitness measurements of Brighamia accessions for APPS
<p><span><span><strong>Premise of the study:</strong><i> </i>Living collections maintained for generations are at risk of diversity loss, inbreeding, and adaptation to cultivation. To address these concerns the zoo community uses pedigrees to track individuals and implement crosses that maximize founder contributions and minimize inbreeding. Using a pedigree management approach in an exceptional plant, we demonstrate how conducting such strategic crosses can minimize genetic issues that have arisen under current practices. </span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed crosses between these collections and compared the fitness of progeny, including plant performance and reproductive health. We genotyped the progeny and paternal accessions to measure changes in diversity and relatedness within and between accessions. </span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Results:</strong><i> </i>The mean relatedness among individuals of an accession, suggests they are full siblings. As a result there was high inbreeding and low diversity within an accession, although less so among accessions. Progeny from the wider crosses had increased genetic diversity, while selfed accessions were smaller and less fertile. </span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Discussion:</strong> Institutions which hold exceptional species should consider how diversity is maintained within their collections. Implementing a pedigree-based approach to managing reproduction of ex situ plants will slow the inevitable loss of genetic diversity and in turn, result in healthier collections. </span></span></p>
Fitness measures of seed progeny from seven natural populations of Campanula glomerata.
<p>Fitness (rosette diameter in cm) and HL for seed progeny of seven wild populations of <em>Campanula glomerata </em>from southern Belgium and north-eastern France. For details see Van Rossum et al. (2022) in Frontiers in Conservation Science.</p>
Data for the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"
<p>Data used in the statistical analyses of the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"</p>
Artificial size selection experiment reveals telomere length dynamics and fitness consequences in a wild passerine
<p>Telomere dynamics could underlie life-history trade-offs among growth, size, and longevity, but our ability to quantify such processes in natural, unmanipulated populations is limited. We investigated how 4 years of artificial selection for either larger or smaller tarsus length, a proxy for body size, affected early-life telomere length (TL) and several components of fitness in two insular populations of wild house sparrows over a study period of 11 years. The artificial selection was expected to shift the populations away from their optimal body size and increase the phenotypic variance in body size. Artificial selection for larger individuals caused TL to decrease, but there was little evidence that TL increased when selecting for smaller individuals. There was a negative correlation between nestling TL and tarsus length under both selection regimes. Males had longer telomeres than females and there was a negative effect of harsh weather on TL. We then investigated whether changes in TL might underpin fitness effects due to the deviation from the optimal body size. Mortality analyses indicated disruptive selection on TL because both short and long early-life telomeres tended to be associated with the lowest mortality rates. In addition, there was a tendency for a negative association between TL and annual reproductive success, but only in the population where body size was increased experimentally. Our results suggest that natural selection for optimal body size in the wild may be associated with changes in TL during growth, which is known to be linked to longevity in some bird species.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.