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1,291 results for “gap”
Brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviour in zebra finches
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Data from: Provenance variation in functional traits of European forest trees: Meta-analysis reveals effects of taxa and age despite critical research gaps
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Mining the health disparities and minority health bibliome: A computational scoping review and gap analysis of 200,000+ articles
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Sevilleta LTER Metstation number 49, precipition, daily raw and gap filled from 1992 - 2015
This file contains daily meteorological data collected from a network of 10 permanent weather stations on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Multiple csv files were downloaded from the Sevilleta LTER data-portal (http://tierra.unm.edu/search/climate/search.php) and joined together in excel. Any missing data cells were gap-filled from the nearest meteorological station using Met_gap_fill.r. These data were sub-set for station 49, the station closest to our study site.
Gap soil moisture at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1996
Small canopy openings often alter understory microclimate, leading to changes in forest structure and composition. It is generally accepted that physical changes in the understory (i.e., microclimatic) due to canopy removal drive changes in basic forest processes, particularly seedling recruitment which is intrinsically linked to soil moisture availability, light and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We examined the impact of small canopy gaps of the type (snags) and size (~300 m2) most frequently observed in the southern Appalachians on the understory microclimate. We created artificial canopy gaps at two elevations (a.m.s.l.) by girdling trees in areas with and without a Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) understory. Soil and air temperature (degrees C), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; mmol m-2s-1), and volumetric soil water content (WC%) in the upper 15 cm of soil were measured along transects generally running north to south through each gap. Overall, PAR was substantially less in rhododendron gaps than in non-rhododendron gaps.
Gap PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1997
Small canopy openings often alter understory microclimate, leading to changes in forest structure and composition. It is generally accepted that physical changes in the understory (i.e., microclimatic) due to canopy removal drive changes in basic forest processes, particularly seedling recruitment which is intrinsically linked to soil moisture availability, light and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We examined the impact of small canopy gaps of the type (snags) and size (~300 m2) most frequently observed in the southern Appalachians on the understory microclimate. We created artificial canopy gaps at two elevations (a.m.s.l.) by girdling trees in areas with and without a Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) understory. Soil and air temperature (degrees C), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; mmol m-2s-1), and volumetric soil water content (WC%) in the upper 15 cm of soil were measured along transects generally running north to south through each gap.
Learning Unsupervised Knowledge-Enhanced Representations to Reduce the Semantic Gap in Information Retrieval (Evaluation datasets)
<p>This dataset contains all the runs, pools, plots and analyses to reproduce the results presented in the paper: "Learning Unsupervised Knowledge-Enhanced Representations to Reduce the Semantic Gap in Information Retrieval ", 2020.</p>
Replication data for: Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia
<p>Vegetables are rich in vitamins and other micronutrients and are important crops for healthy diets and diversification of the food system, and many traditional (also termed underutilized or indigenous) species may play a role. The current study analyzed 35 vegetables with a European region of diversity with the effort to map the conservation status in Fennoscandia and beyond. We mapped georeferenced occurrences and current genebank holdings based on global databases and conducted conservation gaps analysis based on representativeness scores in situ and ex situ. Out of the 35 target species, 19 got at a high priority score for further conservation initiatives, while another 14 species got a medium priority score. We identified a pattern where traditional vegetables are poorly represented in genebank holdings. This corresponds well to a lack of attention in the scientific community measured in number of published papers. Considering the grand challenges ahead in terms of climate change, population growth and demand for sustainability, traditional vegetables deserve greater attention. Our contribution is to provide a basis for conservation priorities among the identified vegetables species native to Fennoscandia.</p>
Data from: Spatial patterns and rarity of the white-phased 'Spirit Bear' allele reveals gaps in habitat protection
<p>Preserving genetic and phenotypic diversity can help safeguard not only biodiversity but also cultural and economic values.</p> <p>Here, we present data that emerged from Indigenous-led research at the intersection of evolution and ecology to support conservation planning of a culturally salient, economically valuable, and rare phenotypic variant. We addressed three conservation objectives for the white-phased 'Spirit bear' polymorphism, a rare and endemic white-coated phenotype of black bear (Ursus americanus) in Kitasoo/Xai'xais and Gitga'at Territories and beyond in coastal British Columbia, Canada. First, we used non-invasively collected hair samples (n = 385 bears over ~18,000 km<sup>2</sup>) to assess the spatial variation in the frequency of the allele that controls the white-coloured morph (mc1r). Second, we compared our observed allele frequencies at mc1r with those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Finally, we examined how well current protected areas in the region aligned with spatial hotspots of Spirit bear alleles.</p> <p>We found that landscape-level allele frequency was lower than previously reported. For example, our systematic sampling estimated a frequency of 0.25 (95% CI 0.13-0.41) on Gribbell Island compared with the previously reported estimate of 0.56. Also, in contrast with previous reports, we failed to detect a statistically significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at mc1r, which calls into question the previously-posited role of homozygote gene flow, heterozygote disadvantage, and positive assortative mating in the maintenance of this polymorphism. Finally, we found a discrepancy between the placement of protected areas and the 90th percentile hotspots (upper 10% of all estimated values) of Spirit bear alleles, with ~50% of hotspots falling outside of protected areas.</p> <p>These results provide new insight into hypotheses related to the maintenance of this rare polymorphism, and directly relevant information to support evidence-based opportunities for Indigenous Nations of the area to attend to gaps in conservation planning.</p>
Modified Gravity and the Black Hole Mass Gap
<p><strong>Reproduction package for the paper "Modified Gravity and the Black Hole Mass Gap".</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The package contains inlist and run_star_extra.f files for MESA that can be used to generate grids of ZAMS models for custom values of the gravitational constant. Also included are inlist and run_star_extra.f files for the PPISN test suite demonstrating how to change the value of G and how to load the ZAMS files during the post-pulse relaxation process. </strong></p>
Data and Code: No support for the genetic hypothesis of the Black-white achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection
<p>Data and Code for article "No support for the genetic hypothesis of the Black-white achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection"</p>
Data-based evaluation of paleoclimate records from the terrestrial Indian region: opportunities and gaps
<p>We explored the accessibility to paleoclimate records from the terrestrial Indian region for a PAGES article. The table gives information on the location, archive, entity, proxy and repository/database where the record is hosted. </p>
Wildlife and Environment Gaps in Pandemic Prevention and Preparedness
<p>Supplemental Materials for "Gaps in health security related to wildlife and environment affecting pandemic prevention and preparedness"</p>
Data from: Field-scale experiments reveal persistent yield gaps in low-input and organic cropping systems
Knowledge of production-system performance is largely based on observations at the experimental plot scale. Although yield gaps between plot-scale and field-scale research are widely acknowledged, their extent and persistence have not been experimentally examined in a systematic manner. At a site in southwest Michigan, we conducted a 6-y experiment to test the accuracy with which plot-scale crop-yield results can inform field-scale conclusions. We compared conventional versus alternative, that is, reduced-input and biologically based–organic, management practices for a corn–soybean–wheat rotation in a randomized complete block-design experiment, using 27 commercial-size agricultural fields. Nearby plot-scale experiments (0.02-ha to 1.0-ha plots) provided a comparison of plot versus field performance. We found that plot-scale yields well matched field-scale yields for conventional management but not for alternative systems. For all three crops, at the plot scale, reduced-input and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, reduced-input yields were lower than conventional. For soybeans at the plot scale, biological and conventional managements produced similar yields; at the field scale, biological yielded less than conventional. For corn, biological management produced lower yields than conventional in both plot- and field-scale experiments. Wheat yields appeared to be less affected by the experimental scale than corn and soybean. Conventional management was more resilient to field-scale challenges than alternative practices, which were more dependent on timely management interventions; in particular, mechanical weed control. Results underscore the need for much wider adoption of field-scale experimentation when assessing new technologies and production-system performance, especially as related to closing yield gaps in organic farming and in low-resourced systems typical of much of the developing world.
Minding the gap: Learning and visual scanning behaviour in nocturnal bull ants
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Insects possess small brains but exhibit sophisticated behaviour, specifically their ability to learn to navigate within complex environments. To understand how they learn to navigate in a cluttered environment, we focused on learning and visual scanning behaviour in the Australian nocturnal bull ant, <i>Myrmecia midas</i>, which are exceptional visual navigators. We tested how individual ants learn to detour via a gap and how they cope with substantial spatial changes over trips. Homing <i>M. midas</i> ants encountered a barrier on their foraging route and had to find a 50-cm gap between symmetrical large black screens, at 1m distance towards the nest direction from the centre of the releasing platform in both familiar (on-route) and semi-familiar (off-route) environments. Foragers were tested for up to 3 learning trips with the changed conditions in both environments. Results showed that on the familiar route, individual foragers learned the gap quickly compared to when they were tested in the semi-familiar environment. When the route was less familiar, and the panorama was changed, foragers were less successful at finding the gap and performed more scans on their way home. Scene familiarity thus played a significant role in visual scanning behaviour. In both on-route and off-route environments, panoramic changes significantly affected learning, initial orientation and scanning behaviour. Nevertheless, over a few trips, success at gap finding increased, visual scans were reduced, the paths became straighter, and individuals took less time to reach the goal. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Bridging the flux gap: sap flow measurements reveal species-specific patterns of water-use in a tallgrass prairie
<p>Predicting the hydrological consequences following changes in grassland vegetation type (i.e., woody encroachment) requires an understanding of water flux dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution for predominant species within grassland communities. However, grassland fluxes are typically measured at the leaf or landscape scale, which inhibits our ability to predict how individual species contribute to changing ecosystem fluxes. We used external heat balance sap flow sensors and a hierarchical Bayesian state-space modeling approach to bridge this "flux-gap" and estimate continuous species-level water flux in common tallgrass prairie species. Specifically, we asked: 1) How do diurnal and nocturnal water fluxes differ among woody and herbaceous plants? (2) How sensitive are woody and herbaceous species to environmental drivers of diurnal and nocturnal water flux? We highlight three results: (1) <i>Cornus drummondii</i>, the primary woody encroacher in this grassland, exhibited the greatest canopy-level water loss, (2) nocturnal transpiration was a large component of the water lost in this ecosystem and was driven primarily by C<sub>4</sub> grasses and <i>C. drummondii</i>, and (3) the sensitivity of canopy transpiration to environmental drivers varies among plant functional types and throughout a 24-hour period. Our data reveal important insights regarding the water-use strategies of woody versus herbaceous species in tallgrass prairies, and about the potential hydrological consequences of ongoing woody encroachment. We suggest that the high, static flux rates observed in woody species will likely deplete deep water stores over time, potentially creating hydrological deficits in grasslands experiencing woody encroachment and concomitantly increasing the vulnerability of these ecosystems to drought.</p>
Filling the Gap: A Tool to Automate Parameter Estimation for Software Performance Models
<p>The data part of this release support the results <br /> presented in the paper <br /> "Filling the Gap: A Tool to Automate Parameter Estimation<br /> for Software Performance Models", by W. Wang, J. F. Perez, and G. Casale, accepted <br /> to QUDOS workshop 2015. </p>
HPC-GAP: Engineering a 21st-Century High-Performance Computer Algebra System
<p>Data for the experiments conducted in the paper</p>
Data and Scripts for "Bridging the gap to mesoscale radiation materials science with transient grating spectroscopy"
<p>This release contains all the files required to reproduce the data, figures, and tables in this paper's initial submission as a manuscript. All input files, output files, LAMMPS scripts and atomic configurations, MATLAB data processing scripts, raw plot databases, and plotting scripts can be found here.</p>
Supplementary file pwt: Female length of Tylorida striata per taxonomic reference, examined syntypes and specimens from India from Bridging the distributional gap of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) and new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4878 (26 March 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4878
Female length of Tylorida striata per taxonomic reference, examined syntypes and specimens from India
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.