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788 results for “genotypic data”
FIGURES 10‒15. Lepidobrya mawsoni. 10 in A revision of the genus Lepidobrya Womersley (Collembola: Entomobryidae) based on morphology and sequence data of the genotype
FIGURES 10‒15. Lepidobrya mawsoni. 10, chaetae on Abd. V (right side); 11, ventral scales on manubrium; 12, dorsal side of manubrium; 13, dental scales; 14, base of left Ant. I, dorsal view; 15, base of left Ant. I, ventral view. Scale bars: 50 µm.
FIGURES 25‒29. Lepidobrya mawsoni. 25 in A revision of the genus Lepidobrya Womersley (Collembola: Entomobryidae) based on morphology and sequence data of the genotype
FIGURES 25‒29. Lepidobrya mawsoni. 25, posterior face and lateral flap of ventral tube; 26, male genital plate; 27, manubrial plaque; 28, distal part of manubrium ventrally; 29, mucro.
FIGURE 41 in A revision of the genus Lepidobrya Womersley (Collembola: Entomobryidae) based on morphology and sequence data of the genotype
FIGURE 41. Abundance in numbers per trap day of Lepidobrya mawsoni on Macquarie Island from December 1992 until December 1993.
Locityper loci database, 1KGP genotypes and benchmarking data
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Genotype likelihoods for low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data of yellow warblers
<p>The following datasets include the required input files used to empirically test population assignment in WGSassign on Yellow Warbler data. The file "yewa.known.ind105.ds_2x.beagle.gz" includes the filtered variants of 105 Yellow Warbler individuals output as genotype likelihoods and stored in a Beagle-formatted file. The ID file, "yewa.known.ind105.reference.IDs.txt", is a tab-delimited file with 2 columns, the first being the sample ID, and the second being the known reference population. The sample order in the ID file should match that of the input beagle file. To measure the assignment accuracy of WGSassign, we used leave-one-out cross validation using the input beagle file and our ID file.</p>
A method for identifying environmental stimuli and genes responsible for genotype-by-environment interactions from a large-scale multi-environment data set
<p>It has not been fully understood in real fields what environment stimuli cause the genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions, when they occur, and what genes react to them. Large-scale multi-environment data sets are attractive data sources for these purposes because they potentially experienced various environmental conditions. In this study, we developed a data-driven approach termed <u>E</u>nvironmental <u>C</u>ovariate Search Affecting <u>G</u>enetic <u>C</u>orrelations (ECGC) to identify environmental stimuli and genes responsible for the G × E interactions from large-scale multi-environment data sets. ECGC was applied to a soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) data set that consisted of 25,158 records collected at 52 environments. ECGC illustrated what meteorological factors shaped the G × E interactions in six traits including yield, flowering time, and protein content and when they were involved. For example, it illustrated the relevance of precipitation around sowing dates and hours of sunshine just before maturity to the interactions observed for yield. Moreover, genome-wide association mapping on the sensitivities to the identified stimuli discovered candidate and known genes responsible for the G × E interactions. Our results demonstrate the capability of data-driven approaches to bring novel insights on the G × E interactions observed in fields. This dataset provides the data used in this study and supplementary tables cited in the manuscript.</p>
Data from: Genome-wide sequence-based genotyping supports a nonhybrid origin of Castanea alabamensis
<p>The genus Castanea in North America contains multiple tree and shrub taxa of conservation concern. The two species within the group, American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and chinquapin (C. pumila sensu lato), display remarkable morphological diversity across their distributions in the eastern United States and southern Ontario. Previous investigators have hypothesized that hybridization between C. dentata and C. pumila has played an important role in generating morphological variation in wild populations. A putative hybrid taxon, Castanea alabamensis, was identified in northern Alabama in the early 20th century; however, the question of its hybridity has been unresolved. We tested the hypothesized hybrid origin of C. alabamensis using genome-wide sequence-based genotyping of C. alabamensis, all currently recognized North American Castanea taxa, and two Asian Castanea species at >100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. With these data, we generated a high-resolution phylogeny, tested for admixture among taxa, and analyzed population genetic structure of the study taxa. Bayesian clustering and principal components analysis provided no evidence of admixture between C. dentata and C. pumila in C. alabamensis genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of genome-wide SNP data indicated that C. alabamensis forms a distinct group within C. pumila sensu lato. Our results are consistent with the model of a nonhybrid origin for C. alabamensis. Our finding of C. alabamensis as a genetically and morphologically distinct group within the North American chinquapin complex provides further impetus for the study and conservation of the North American Castanea species.</p>
Data from: Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing panel development and application to inform kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fisheries management at multiple scales
<p>The ability to differentiate life history variants is vital for estimating fisheries management parameters, yet traditional survey methods can be inaccurate in mixed-stock fisheries. Such is the case for kokanee, the resident freshwater form of sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), which exhibits various reproductive ecotypes (stream-, shore-, deep-spawning) that co-occur with each other and/or anadromous <i>O. nerka</i> in some systems across their pan-Pacific distribution. Here, we developed a multi-purpose Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) panel of 288 targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to enable accurate kokanee stock identification by geographic basin, migratory form, and reproductive ecotype across British Columbia, Canada. The GT-seq panel exhibited high self-assignment accuracy (93.3%) and perfect assignment of individuals not included in the baseline to their geographic basin, migratory form, and reproductive ecotype of origin. The GT-seq panel was subsequently applied to Wood Lake, a valuable mixed-stock fishery, revealing high concordance (>98%) with previous assignments to ecotype using microsatellites and TaqMan<span> </span>SNP genotyping assays, while improving resolution, extending a long-term time-series, and demonstrating the scalability of this approach for this system and others.</p>
Schistosoma mansoni raw genotype calls from exome data
<p><em>Schistosoma mansoni, </em>a snail-vectored, blood fluke that infects humans, was introduced into the Americas from Africa during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. As this parasite shows strong specificity to the snail intermediate host, we expected that adaptation to S. American <em>Biomphalaria</em> spp. snails would result in population bottlenecks and strong signatures of selection. We scored 475,081 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 143 <em>S. mansoni</em> from the Americas (Brazil, Guadeloupe, and Puerto Rico) and Africa (Cameroon, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda), and used these data to ask: (i) Was there a population bottleneck during colonization? (ii) Can we identify signatures of selection associated with colonization? And (iii) what were the source populations for colonizing parasites? We found a 2.4-2.9-fold reduction in diversity and much slower decay in linkage disequilibrium (LD) in parasites from East to West Africa. However, we observed similar nuclear diversity and LD in West Africa and Brazil, suggesting no strong bottlenecks and limited barriers to colonization. We identified five genome regions showing selection in the Americas, compared with three in West Africa and none in East Africa, which we speculate may reflect adaptation during colonization. Finally, we infer that unsampled African populations from central African regions between Benin and Angola, with contributions from Niger, are likely the major source(s) for Brazilian <em>S. mansoni</em>. The absence of a bottleneck suggests that this is a rare case of a serendipitous invasion, where <em>S. mansoni </em>parasites were preadapted to the Americas and were able to establish with relative ease.</p>
Impatiens glandulifera SNP and SilicoDArT genotyping data
<p>We conducted genomic characterization based on SNP and SilicoDArT markers on the invasive Himalayan balsam (<i>Impatiens glandulifera</i>) plants originating from the native and non-native regions of their distribution. When genetic relationships were explored by PCoA based on SNP and SilicoDArT marker data, the first, second and third principal coordinates explained altogether 37.4% and 31.0% of the variability, respectively. Samples from the UK, Canada and Pakistan grouped together, while Indian plants were clearly distinct based on SNP markers but relatively close to the UK-Canada-Pakistan group based on SilicoDArT markers. Constructed trees differentiated the individuals into clusters resembling the patterns observed by PCoA.<span> The Bayesian BAPS analysis revealed that the individuals were distributed in seven clusters, representing samples from each of the four Finnish populations, India, Pakistan and the combination of the UK and Canada. Similar clustering was visible in the constructed UPGMA tree. The Indian cluster did not display any ancestral gene flow with the others, while the Pakistani cluster showed ancestral gene flow only with the combined UK and Canada cluster. Furthermore, the latter cluster displayed ancestral gene flow with the Finnish populations varying from 0% to 3.1%. The AMOVA analysis showed that 45% and 26% of genetic variation was present among the <i>I. glandulifera</i> groups/populations and the rest within them based on SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively. Overall, the Bayesian BAPS analysis</span> <span>and the following gene flow network were the most informative tools for resolving relationships among native and introduced plants. </span></p>
Field data and microsatellite genotypes of Cercidiphyllum japonicum
<p>Field data and genotypes at five microsatellite loci of 281 <i>Cercidiphyllum japonicum </i>adults of a population distributed over a ca. 80 ha along a stream and 755 <i>C. japonicum </i>current-year seedlings sampled at approximate center of the populatoin. The population is located in Iwanazawa Forest Reserve (43°13′N, 142°34′E), University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, in central Hokkaido, Japan.</p>
Data from: Competitive consequences determined by phenotypic but not genetic distance: a study with asexual Daphnia genotypes
<p><span><span>1. How </span><span>evolutionary relatedness influences the strength of competitive interactions among </span><span>genetically isolated populations has been a long-standing interest in ecology. Darwin's </span><span>"Competition </span><span>R</span><span>elatedness Hypothesis (CRH)" states that, since closely related species should compete more strongly, they are less likely to coexist, while </span><span>Herbert's </span><span>"Bimodal </span><span>Competition Hypothesis (BCH)" predicts that competitive exclusion is less likely to occur when the competing species are genetically close or distant.</span></span></p> <p><span>2. T</span><span>o test these hypotheses,</span><span> we</span><span> experimentally examined the difference in the competitive ability and life tables of fecundity</span><span> </span><span>and survivorship among four different genotypes of </span><span>asexual</span><span> Daphnia cf. pulex </span><span>that diverged from a single ancestral genotype</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>The experiments showed that the competitive consequences differed depending on the pairing of the competing genotypes, and that the degree of the competitive exclusion was lower when the competing genotypes were genetically closer to each other. These results partially supported the BCH but not the CRH at all. More importantly, the degree of competitive exclusion was better predicted by the phenotypic rather than genetic distances between the competing genotypes.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>The life table experiments revealed that competitively inferior genotypes had higher early reproduction rates, but survival rates decreased with age and thus body size, probably a result of selection by predation pressures found in nature.</span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>These results indicate that competitive superiority is highly dependent on selection pressures that given organisms have been evolutionally subjected to, and, that genetic similarity is not necessarily an appropriate measure for predicting the completive exclusion on an ecological time scale. </span><span>To predict competitive relationships among the organisms, it is essential to comprehend their phenotypic differences rather than simply knowing their genetic or phylogenetic relationships.</span></p>
Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
<p>Trait plasticity (variation of a trait under environmental variability or gradients) and trait integration are both crucial for plant adaption to environmental change. Variations in different suite of root traits such as biomass allocation, morphology and physiology underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Yet, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of root traits influence plant adaptation to different P supply remains obscure. To characterize diverse adaptive strategies in relation to plant P acquisition, eight root traits were assessed in 20 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) genotypes grown in a culture room with low and high P supply. High P supply increased shoot P accumulation and biomass of all wheat genotypes. The shoot P accumulation in genotypes with high P sensitivity (PS: calculated as shoot P content at low P / shoot P content at high P supply) was higher with high P supply and lower with low P supply compared with that in the genotypes with low PS. The high-PS genotypes exhibited larger variation in root length, root/shoot ratio and rhizosphere pH across P supplies than the low-PS genotypes, suggesting an integrated response at the whole-plant level. At low P supply, the high-PS genotypes had greater root length and specific root length, but lower acid phosphatase activity than the low-PS genotypes, which suggests contrasting P-acquisition strategies across the genotypes. Strong co-variation of root traits occurred across low-PS genotypes regardless of P supply; conversely, the high-PS genotypes only exhibited strong trait integration at low P supply, whereas high P supply sharply reduced root trait co-variation. Our findings suggest that P stress may strengthen root trait integration in wheat plants, and that both plasticity and integration of root traits drive plant adaptive strategies and tolerance to P-deficiency stress.</p>
Western redcedar single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data for genomic selection and population genetics
<p>Western redcedar (<em>Thuja plicata</em>) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data in Variant Call Format (VCF) for genomic selection training and target populations, genomic selection parents, and self-fertilized (selfing) lines, comprising 4,833 trees.</p> <p>Targeted sequencing-based genotyping was done by Capture-Seq methodology at Rapid Genomics (Neves est al. 2013). A set of 57,000 probes as designed for initial marker discovery, from which a panel of 20,858 probes was selected for genotyping. A set of transcriptomes (Shalev et al. 2018) (PRJNA704616) was aligned to the reference genome to identify SNPs. Candidate probes (120 nt) were initially designed in silico and 57,000 selected by removing candidates with poor base composition for hybridization (GC content <0.2 and >0.6, high G content >0.2 and long homopolymers >7), followed by removing probes aligning to more than one position on the reference genome (≥90% identity and length). The 57,000 probes represent 14,517 scaffolds (average 3.9 probes/scaffold), with 37,275 targeting at least one SNP and 19,725 mapping to intergenic regions not containing pre-identified SNPs. A set of 128 individuals were selected to validate the 57,000 probe panel and associated polymorphisms. Genomic DNA (0.5 ug) was fragmented (mean size 300 bp), followed by repair of ends, phosphorylation, adenylation, ligation of Illumina compatible adapters containing 8bp indexes and 5’ T-overhang, and 10 cycles PCR amplification with universal primers to produce sequencing-ready libraries. Libraries were quantified using PicoGreen. Libraries from 16 samples were pooled, hybridized to the 120 nt RNA probes following Agilent’s SureSelect Target Enrichment System (Agilent Technologies) and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq X machine with paired-end 150bp cycle for an average sequencing depth per sample of 15X. Sequence data were aligned to the reference genome with BWA-MEM (http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.3997) and sets of four samples were combined to increase sequencing depth for identifying markers. Putative SNPs were identified using Freebayes (http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.3907) in 150bp on either side of the 57,000 probes and filtered probes that had more than 17 SNPs per 420 bp target region (150bp + 120bp + 150bp). The sequencing depth of the probes was used to select the final set of 20,885 probes, removing probes on both sides of the distribution (low and high sequencing depth), for Capture-Seq on the remainder of the samples.</p>
Genotype data for: Population genetics reveals divergent lineages and ongoing hybridization in a declining migratory fish species complex
<p>Deciphering the effects of historical and recent demographic processes responsible for the spatial patterns of genetic diversity and structure is a key objective in evolutionary and conservation biology. Using population genetic analyses, we investigated the demographic history, the contemporary genetic diversity and structure, and the occurrence of hybridization and introgression of two species of anadromous fish with contrasting life history strategies and which have undergone recent demographic declines, the allis shad (<em>Alosa alosa</em>) and the twaite shad (<em>Alosa fallax</em>). We genotyped 706 individuals from 20 rivers and 5 sites at sea in Southern Europe at thirteen microsatellite markers. Genetic structure between populations was lower for the nearly semelparous species <em>A. alosa</em>, which disperses greater distances compared to the iteroparous species, <em>A. fallax</em>. Individuals caught at sea were assigned at the river level for <em>A. fallax</em> and at the region level for A. alosa. Using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we inferred that the most likely long term historical divergence scenario between both species and lineages involved historical separation followed by secondary contact accompanied by strong population size decline. Accordingly, we found evidence for contemporary hybridization and bidirectional introgression due to gene flow between both species and lineages. Moreover, our results support the existence of at least one distinct species in the Mediterrannean sea: <em>A. agone</em> in Golfe du Lion area, and another divergent lineage in Corsica. Overall, our results shed light on the interplay between historical and recent demographic processes and life history strategies in shaping population genetic diversity and structure of closely related species. The recent demographic decline of these species' populations and their hybridization should be carefully considered while implementing conservation programs.</p>
Raw Data Survival, Development and Reproduction of Gonipterus platensis on Eucalyptus genotypes
<p>Data used in the paper "The survival, development, and reproduction of <em>Gonipterus platensis </em>(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the main <em>Eucalyptus </em>(Myrtaceae) genotypes planted in Brazil"</p>
Data from: An integrated genotyping-by-sequencing polymorphism map for over 10,000 sorghum genotypes
[No abstract entered]
Data from: Stepwise Threshold Clustering: a new method for genotyping MHC loci using next-generation sequencing technology
Genes of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are of great interest to biologists because of their important role in immunity and disease, and their extremely high levels of genetic diversity. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are quickly becoming the method of choice for high-throughput genotyping of multi-locus templates like MHC in non-model organisms. Previous approaches to genotyping MHC genes using NGS technologies suffer from two problems: 1) a "gray zone" where low frequency alleles and high frequency artifacts can be difficult to disentangle and 2) a similar sequence problem, where very similar alleles can be difficult to distinguish as two distinct alleles. Here were present a new method for genotyping MHC loci – Stepwise Threshold Clustering (STC) – that addresses these problems by taking full advantage of the increase in sequence data provided by NGS technologies. Unlike previous approaches for genotyping MHC with NGS data that attempt to classify individual sequences as alleles or artifacts, STC uses a quasi-Dirichlet clustering algorithm to cluster similar sequences at increasing levels of sequence similarity. By applying frequency and similarity based criteria to clusters rather than individual sequences, STC is able to successfully identify clusters of sequences that correspond to individual or similar alleles present in the genomes of individual samples. Furthermore, STC does not require duplicate runs of all samples, increasing the number of samples that can be genotyped in a given project. We show how the STC method works using a single sample library. We then apply STC to 295 threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) samples from four populations and show that neighboring populations differ significantly in MHC allele pools. We show that STC is a reliable, accurate, efficient, and flexible method for genotyping MHC that will be of use to biologists interested in a variety of downstream applications.
Data from: Nitrogen availability and plant-plant interactions drive leaf silicon concentration in wheat genotypes
<p><span>Estimating plasticity of leaf silicon (Si) in response to abiotic and biotic factors underpins our comprehension of plant defences and stress resistance in natural and agroecosystems. However, how nitrogen (N) addition and intraspecific plant-plant interactions affect Si accumulation remains unclear. </span></p> <p><span>We grew 19 durum wheat genotypes (<em>Triticum turgidum</em> ssp. durum) in pots, either alone, or in intra- or intergenotypic cultures of two individuals, and with or without N. </span><span>Aboveground biomass, plant height and leaf [Si] were quantified at the beginning of the flowering stage.</span></p> <p><span>Nitrogen addition</span> <span>decreased leaf</span> <span>[Si] for most genotypes, proportionally to the biomass increase. Si plasticity to plant-plant interactions varied significantly among genotypes, with both increases and decreases in </span><span>leaf</span> <span>[Si] when mixed with a neighbour, regardless of the mixture type (intra-/intergenotype). Besides, increased leaf [Si] in response to plant-plant interactions was associated with increased plant height.</span></p> <p><span>Our results suggest the occurrence of </span><span>both facilitation and competition for Si uptake from the rhizosphere in wheat mixtures. Future research should identify which leaf and root traits characterize facilitating neighbours for Si acquisition. We also show that Si could be involved in height gain in response to intraspecific competition, possibly for increasing light capture. This important finding opens up new research directions on Si and plant-plant interactions in both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. More generally,</span> <span>o</span><span>ur results stress the need to explore leaf Si plasticity in responses to both abiotic and biotic factors to understand plant stress resistance.</span></p>
Data from: Detecting macroevolutionary genotype-phenotype associations using error-corrected rates of protein convergence
<p><span>On macroevolutionary timescales, extensive mutations and phylogenetic uncertainty mask the signals of genotype-phenotype associations underlying convergent evolution. To overcome this problem, we extended the widely used framework of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution rate ratios and developed the novel metric <em>ω<sub>C</sub></em>, which measures the error-corrected convergence rate of protein evolution. While </span><span><em>ω<sub>C</sub></em></span><span> distinguishes natural selection from genetic noise and phylogenetic errors in simulation and real examples, its accuracy allows an exploratory genome-wide search of adaptive molecular convergence without phenotypic hypothesis or candidate genes. Using gene expression data, we explored over 20 million branch combinations in vertebrate genes and identified the joint convergence of expression patterns and protein sequences with amino acid substitutions in functionally important sites, providing hypotheses on undiscovered phenotypes. We further extended our method with a heuristic algorithm to detect highly repetitive convergence among computationally nontrivial higher-order phylogenetic combinations. Our approach allows bidirectional searches for genotype-phenotype associations, even in lineages that diverged for hundreds of millions of years.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.