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18,658 results for “impacts”
Summer 2017 porewater and sediment geochemistry data at Second Creek, a sulfate-impacted riparian wetland in northeast Minnesota
Water and sediment chemistry data were collected over the summer and fall of 2017 at Second Creek, a riparian wetland study site near Aurora, MN, to understand sulfur and methane processes. Porewaters were collected with two distinct methods “peepers” (multi-chambered equilibrium dialysis samplers) that allow for high vertical resolution but 2-3 week averaged temporal resolution, and rhizon samplers that enable instantaneous temporal resolution but have lower spatial resolution. Porewaters were analyzed for dissolved cations, anions, sulfide, methane, iron(II)/iron(III), and pH. Sediment cores were analyzed for acid volatile sulfide, and sulfur and iron speciation via X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Flow discharge impact competition for food and shelter between two overlapping species of crayfish
Competition between aquatic organisms is heavily influenced by abiotic factors in the environment, specifically flow regime in aquatic systems. Flow regime has been shown to significantly affect the way in which a species uses the environmental resources and alterations in flow can exasperate competitive advantages by congenerics. However, little work has concentrated on the competitive outcome between native and invasive organisms as a function of flow regime. Here, we sought to uncover how competition between two crayfish species (the native virile crayfish [Faxonius virilis] and invasive rusty crayfish [Faxonius rusticus]) was affected by varying flow rates. To do this, we size-matched crayfish and quantified three separate behaviors (food use, shelter use, and fights) of crayfish in four different discharge levels (no discharge—0 cm3/s; low discharge—116 cm3/s; intermediate discharge—345 cm3 /s; high discharge—450 cm3/s). We found that the number of foraging bouts was significantly (p < 0.001) influenced by discharge levels for both species, where rusty crayfish foraged more often in no and discharge. The number of times crayfish sheltered also varied between species and was significantly (p < 0.001) altered by discharge level, where rusty crayfish sheltered more often in no discharge and virile crayfish sheltered more in low and intermediate discharge levels. Similarly, the number of fights that crayfish engaged in also significantly (p < 0.001) depended upon species and discharge levels. Rusty crayfish engaged in more agonistic activities in no and high discharge levels while virile crayfish participated most often in low and intermediate discharge levels
Synergistic impacts of malathion and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles.
The decline of many amphibian populations is associated with pesticides, but for most pesticides we know little about their toxicity to amphibians. Malathion is a classic example; it is sprayed over aquatic habitats to control mosquitoes that carry malaria and the West Nile virus, yet we know little about its effect on amphibians. I examined the survival of six species of tadpoles (wood frogs, Rana sylvatica; leopard frogs, R. pipiens; green frogs, R. clamitans; bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana; American toads, Bufo americanus; and gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor) for 16 d in the presence or absence of predatory stress and six concentrations of malathion. Malathion was moderately toxic to all species of tadpoles (median lethal concentration [LC50] values, the concentration estimated to kill 50% of a test population, ranged from 1.25–5.9 mg/L). These values are within the range of values reported for the few amphibians that have been tested (0.2–42 mg/L). In one of the six species, malathion became twice as lethal when combined with predatory stress. Similar synergistic interactions have been found with the insecticide carbaryl, suggesting that the synergy may occur in many carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. While malathion has the potential to kill amphibians and its presence is correlated with habitats containing declining populations, its actual role in amphibian declines is uncertain given the relatively low concentration in aquatic habitats.
The lethal impacts of Roundup and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles.
The decline in amphibians across the globe has sparked a search for the causes, and recent evidence suggests a connection with pesticides. However, for most pesticides, tests on amphibians are rare and conducted only for short durations (1 to 4 days) and without natural stressors. Recent studies have discovered that the stress of predator cues in the water can make insecticides much more lethal to larval amphibians, but it is unknown whether this phenomenon can be generalized to other types of pesticides. Using six species of North American amphibian larvae (Rana sylvatica, R. pipiens, R. clamitans, R. catesbeiana, Bufo americanus, and Hyla versicolor), I examined the impact of a globally common herbicide (Roundup) on the survival of tadpoles for 16days with and without the chemical cues emitted by predatory newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). LC5016-d estimates varied from 0.55 to 2.52 mg of active ingredient (AI)/L, which was considerably lower than the few previous studies using Roundup (1.5 to 15.5 mg AI/L). Moreover, in one of the six species tested (R. sylvatica), the addition of predatory stress made Roundup twice as lethal. This discovery suggests that synergistic interactions between predatory stress and pesticides may indeed be a generalizable phenomenon in amphibians that occurs with a wide variety of pesticides.
Prairie manure application impacts on floral abundance, plant growth, plant community structure, insect and spider community abundance and activity density in experimental plots in Ames, Iowa (2021-2022).
This dataset contains results from a two-year field experiment at Iowa State University’s Horticulture Research Station to evaluate the effects of dairy manure application on native prairie plant and insect communities. We established replicated 4 m² plots across two field types, an established tallgrass prairie and a tilled crop field, and applied four manure treatments (weekly, biweekly, once per season, and control) using liquid slurry from a local dairy farm. Plant responses were monitored through weekly measurements of mortality, ground cover, floral abundance, plant height, and visual obstruction. Insect communities were sampled biweekly using vacuum suction for foliage and flower visitors and pitfall traps for ground-dwelling arthropods. Collected insects were identified to order, with Hymenoptera and Carabidae further resolved to family or genus.
Summer 2016 hydrology and water chemistry data at Second Creek, a sulfate-impacted riparian wetland in northeast Minnesota
Hydrological and water chemistry data were collected at Second Creek, a riparian wetland study site near Aurora, MN, to understand sulfur and methane processes. Data were collected over the summer of 2016. Hydrological data were collected using temperature probes and pressure transducers installed in surface water gauges and shallow piezometers. Water chemistry was analyzed in surface water samples and porewater samples collected with “peepers” (passive diffusive samplers).
Chemistry from thermokarst impacted soils, lakes, and streams near Toolik Lake Alaska, 2008-2011.
This file contains data collected from thermokarst impacted soils, lakes, and streams near Toolik Lake Alaska. Data are also presented for experimental manipulations of water (e.g., time course experiments). Sample descriptors include a unique sortchem #, site, date, time, depth, distance, elevation, treatment, date-time, category, and water type (e.g., lake, surface, soil). Physical/chemical measures collected in the field include temperature, conductivity, and pH. Chemical analyses performed later include alkalinity; dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC); inorganic and total dissolved nutrients (NH4, PO4, NO3, TDN, TDP); particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (PC, PN, and PP); cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Si); anions (SO4 and Cl); chlorophyll a, and oxygen. Note that archived data from before the NSF ARCSS-Thermokarst project started in 2009, and funded by NSF from 1988-2008 (e.g., by the NSF ARC LTER), are included in this dataset.
Impacts of wildfire on stream water chemistry in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed during the summers of 2002-2007
The hydrogeochemistry of two streams (C1 and P6) in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) during the summers of 2002-2007. The P6 sub-catchment of the CPCRW was extensively burned during the Boundary Fire of 2004. Samples were analyzed for Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO3, SO4, DOC, TDN, SUVA and conductivity.
Spiders in a Desert City: What the Behavior and Microclimate of Western Black Widows Can Teach Us About the Impacts of Urbanization
With the planet rapidly urbanizing, understanding the ecological effects of urbanization is a grand challenge for modern biology. For example, increased city temperatures known as the urban heat island effect, disproportionately impact nocturnal taxa and this consideration is widely overlooked. Slight shifts in the thermal microclimate have a cascade of ramifications that directly impact species density and distribution. Animal behavior is a trait that may explain why some species thrive after urbanization when others go locally extinct. In this study we followed 22 adult females of the western black widow, Latrodectus hesperus, from both urban and undisturbed Sonoran Desert habitats. We began looking for differences between urban and desert spiders under field conditions: boldness, voracity, web size and body condition. Both urban and desert spiders were then brought to the laboratory to see how their behavior changed. We found no behavioral differences between urban and desert spiders in the field or the laboratory. We did find that spider behavior differed between the field and the laboratory. Specifically, boldness in the laboratory was significantly lower compared to the field. Voracity was more repeatable in the laboratory versus the field, and boldness was strongly positively correlated with voracity in the laboratory, but not in the field. These behavioral shifts from the field to the laboratory favor the conclusion that black widow behavior is highly plastic and context dependent. Lastly, we monitored web temperature of black widow microhabitat continuously for an entire year using thermochron data loggers. We found microhabitat temperatures differences between urban and desert sites were greatest at night and absent during the daytime. We uncovered a seasonal effect with the highest magnitude temperature difference occurring during the springtime. Additionally, behavior was significantly correlated with field temperatures; the boldest spiders come from the
Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes
Data associated with "Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes" (DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452534). These data include soil resource measurements and various phenotypic measurements of associated Streptomyces isolates/populations. Specifically, these data note population level inhibition phenotypes according to Herr's Assays, isolate level antibiotic resistance phenotypes against 9 standard antibiotics, and isolate level resource use phenotypes quantified with Biolog SF-P2 96 well plates.
Herb coverage on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2001 to 2003
Percent cover of herb layer species was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots in watershed 1.
Seedling regeneration density on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2001 to 2003
Seedling density was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots on watershed 1.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2002 to 2003
Light availability (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots watershed 1.
Percent soil moisture on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2002 to 2003
Soil moisture was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots in watershed 1.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: 5-minute summary wind and air temperature data: 2018 - ongoing
5-minute summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: 30-minute summary data: 2019 - ongoing
30-minute summary data at NEAT Block-1 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. Precipitation is measured. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: 1-hour summary data: 2018 - ongoing
Hourly summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. Average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation as well as albedo, incoming solar, and solar reflective are measured and calculated at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-3 site. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: Daily summary data: 2019 - ongoing
Daily summary data at NEAT Block-1 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. Precipitation is measured. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: Daily summary data: 2018 - ongoing
Daily summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. Average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation as well as albedo, incoming solar, and solar reflective are measured and calculated at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-3 site. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: 1-second summary precipitation data: 2019 - ongoing
1-second summary precipitation data at NEAT Block-1 met station. Total precipitation per second is recorded only if there is measurable precipitation. This is recorded at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-1 site. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset. IMPORTANT: Rainfall is only recorded when a bucket tip occurs on the tipping bucket rain gauge. If there is missing data due to equipment or other problems, there will be no indication of this within this dataset. The user needs to review precipitation values in the 30 minute or hourly summary datasets to determine if there are missing data in this 1 second detailed precipitation dataset.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.