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1,287 results for “innovative”
Innovation and Active Aging in digital environment dataset
<p>Dataset corresponding to a 785 cases from Madrid province, a representative sample of people from 65 to 80 years old made by telephone survey during March, 2019.</p> <p>Please, use v2. Fixed typos and errors</p> <p>Research Project funded by UCM-Santander grant (PR26/16-8B)</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Morphological innovation and biomechanical diversity in plunge-diving birds
Innovations in foraging behavior can drive morphological diversity by opening up new ways of interacting with the environment, or limit diversity through functional constraints associated with different foraging behaviors. Several classic examples of adaptive radiations in birds show increased variation in ecologically relevant traits. However, these cases primarily focus on geographically narrow adaptive radiations, consider only morphological evolution without a biomechanical approach, or do not investigate tradeoffs with other non-focal traits that might be affected by use of different foraging habitats. Here, we use X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT), biomechanical modelling, and multivariate comparative methods to explore the interplay between foraging behavior and cranial morphology in kingfishers, a global radiation of birds with variable beaks and foraging behaviors, including the archetypal plunge-dive into water. Our results quantify covariation between the shape of the outer keratin covering (rhamphotheca) and the inner skeletal core of the beak, as well as highlight distinct patterns of morphospace occupation for different foraging behaviors and considerable rate variation among these skull regions. We anticipate these findings will have implications for inferring beak shapes in fossil taxa and inform biomimetic design of novel impact-reducing structures.
Sanitised human urine (Oga) as a fertilizer auto-innovation from women farmers in Niger
<p>This is a data set of the of three years of field trial with sanitised human urine that was submitted to ASDE Journal for publication consideration purpose.</p>
An Inventive Step: Shobita Parthasarathy on the Role of Patents and Innovation in Science
<p><strong>Episode Summary:</strong></p> <p>One of the issues that gets raised by the Open Science movement is that it has a potential conflict with innovation and commercialisation of research. To explore this topic we talked to Professor Shobita Parthasarathy about how patents actually work, how we understand the idea of science as a public good, and the challenges of inclusive innovative. </p> <p><strong>Episode Links: </strong></p> <p><a href="http://stpp.fordschool.umich.edu/">Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program</a></p> <p><a href="http://shobitap.org/">http://shobitap.org/</a></p> <p>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/ShobitaP">@ShobitaP</a></p> <p><em>Further reading: </em></p> <p>Shobita Parthasarathy. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Building-Genetic-Medicine-Technology-Comparative/dp/0262162423/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=building+genetic+medicine&qid=1583277962&s=books&sr=1-2"><em>Building Genetic Medicine: Breast Cancer, Technology, and the Comparative Politics of Health Care</em></a>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. (available at Amazon, MIT Press, and wherever books are sold) </p> <p>Shobita Parthasarathy. <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Patent-Politics-Markets-Public-Interest/dp/022643785X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489155980&sr=1-1&keywords=patent+politics">Patent Politics: Life Forms, Markets, and the Public Interest in the United States and Europe</a>. </em>Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017 (available at Amazon, University of Chicago Press, and wherever books are sold)</p> <p> Shobita Parthasarathy. “<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07108-3">Use Patents to Regulate Gene Editing</a>.” <em>Nature</em>. October 25, 2018.</p> <p> Shobita Parthasarathy. “<a href="https://theconversation.com/an-early-expression-of-democracy-the-us-patent-system-is-out-of-step-with-todays-citizens-43812">An early expression of democracy, the US patent system is out of step with today’s citizens</a>.” [Updated]. <em>The Conversation</em>. July 4 2018.<strong> </strong>(reprinted in <em>Business Insider, Associated Press, </em>among other outlets)</p> <p> Shobita Parthasarathy. “<a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-make-sure-we-all-benefit-when-nonprofits-patent-technologies-like-crispr-76829">How to make sure we all benefit when nonprofits patent technologies like CRISPR</a>.” <em>The Conversation</em>. July 19, 2017. </p>
Data from: Key innovations and island colonization as engines of evolutionary diversification: a comparative test with the Australasian diplodactyloid geckos
The acquisition of key innovations and the invasion of new areas constitute two major processes that facilitate ecological opportunity and subsequent evolutionary diversification. Using a major lizard radiation as a model, the Australasian diplodactyloid geckos, we explored the effects of two key innovations (adhesive toepads and a snake-like phenotype) and the invasion of new environments (island colonization) in promoting the evolution of phenotypic and species diversity. We found no evidence that toepads had significantly increased evolutionary diversification, which challenges the common assumption that the evolution of toepads has been responsible for the extensive radiation of geckos. In contrast, a snakelike phenotype was associated with increased rates of body size evolution and, to a lesser extent, species diversification. However, the clearest impact on evolutionary diversification has been the colonization of New Zealand and New Caledonia, which were associated with increased rates of both body size evolution and species diversification. This highlights that colonizing new environments can drive adaptive diversification in conjunction or independently of the evolution of a key innovation. Studies wishing to confirm the putative link between a key innovation and subsequent evolutionary diversification must therefore show that it has been the acquisition of an innovation specifically, not the colonization of new areas more generally, that has prompted diversification.
Data from: Mosaicism in a new Eocene pufferfish highlights rapid morphological innovation near the origin of crown tetraodontiforms
Tetraodontiformes (pufferfishes and kin) is a taxonomically and structurally diverse, widely-distributed clade of acanthomorphs, whose members often serve as models for genomics and, increasingly, macroevolutionary studies. Morphologically disparate Palaeogene fossils suggest considerable early experimentation, but these flattened specimens often preserve limited information. We present a three-dimensionally preserved beaked tetraodontiform from the early Eocene (c. 53 Ma) London Clay Formation, UK. Approximately coeval with the oldest crown tetraodontiforms, †Ctenoplectus williamsi gen. et sp. nov. presents an unprecedented combination of characters, pairing a fused beak-like dentition with prominent dorsal-fin spines that insert atop transversely-expanded pterygiophores roofing the skull. Bayesian total-evidence tip-dating analysis indicates that †Ctenoplectus represents the sister lineage of Triodontidae and highlights considerable levels of homoplasy in early tetraodontiform evolution. According to our dataset, rates of morphological character evolution were elevated at the origin of crown Tetraodontiformes, especially within gymnodonts, but declined after the principal body plans were established. Such 'early burst' patterns are regarded as a hallmark of adaptive radiations, but are typically associated with diversification at smaller spatiotemporal scales. However, denser sampling of Neogene and Recent taxa is needed to confirm this pattern.
Data from: Disentangling the effects of key innovations on the diversification of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae)
The evolution of key innovations, novel traits that promote diversification, is often seen as major driver for the unequal distribution of species richness within the tree of life. In this study, we aim to determine the factors underlying the extraordinary radiation of the subfamily Bromelioideae, one of the most diverse clades among the neotropical plant family Bromeliaceae. Based on an extended molecular phylogenetic data set, we examine the effect of two putative key innovations, that is, the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and the water-impounding tank, on speciation and extinction rates. To this aim, we develop a novel Bayesian implementation of the phylogenetic comparative method, binary state speciation and extinction, which enables hypotheses testing by Bayes factors and accommodates the uncertainty on model selection by Bayesian model averaging. Both CAM and tank habit were found to correlate with increased net diversification, thus fulfilling the criteria for key innovations. Our analyses further revealed that CAM photosynthesis is correlated with a twofold increase in speciation rate, whereas the evolution of the tank had primarily an effect on extinction rates that were found five times lower in tank-forming lineages compared to tank-less clades. These differences are discussed in the light of biogeography, ecology, and past climate change.
Data from: Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage
Large-scale adaptive radiations might explain the runaway success of a minority of extant vertebrate clades. This hypothesis predicts, among other things, rapid rates of morphological evolution during the early history of major groups, as lineages invade disparate ecological niches. However, few studies of adaptive radiation have included deep time data, so the links between extant diversity and major extinct radiations are unclear. The intensively studied Mesozoic dinosaur record provides a model system for such investigation, representing an ecologically diverse group that dominated terrestrial ecosystems for 170 million years. Furthermore, with 10,000 species, extant dinosaurs (birds) are the most speciose living tetrapod clade. We assembled composite trees of 614–622 Mesozoic dinosaurs/birds, and a comprehensive body mass dataset using the scaling relationship of limb bone robustness. Maximum-likelihood modelling and the node height test reveal rapid evolutionary rates and a predominance of rapid shifts among size classes in early (Triassic) dinosaurs. This indicates an early burst niche-filling pattern and contrasts with previous studies that favoured gradualistic rates. Subsequently, rates declined in most lineages, which rarely exploited new ecological niches. However, feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs (including Mesozoic birds) sustained rapid evolution from at least the Middle Jurassic, suggesting that these taxa evaded the effects of niche saturation. This indicates that a long evolutionary history of continuing ecological innovation paved the way for a second great radiation of dinosaurs, in birds. We therefore demonstrate links between the predominantly extinct deep time adaptive radiation of non-avian dinosaurs and the phenomenal diversification of birds, via continuing rapid rates of evolution along the phylogenetic stem lineage. This raises the possibility that the uneven distribution of biodiversity results not just from large-scale extrapolation of the process of adaptive radiation in a few extant clades, but also from the maintenance of evolvability on vast time scales across the history of life, in key lineages.
Data from: Destabilizing mutations encode nongenetic variation that drives evolutionary innovation
Evolutionary innovations are often achieved by repurposing existing genes to perform new functions; however, the mechanisms enabling the transition from old to new remain controversial. We identified mutations in bacteriophage λ's host-recognition gene J that confer enhanced adsorption to λ's native receptor, LamB, and the ability to access a new receptor, OmpF. The mutations destabilize particles and cause conformational bistability of J, which yields progeny of multiple phenotypic forms, each proficient at different receptors. This work provides an example of how nongenetic protein variation can catalyze an evolutionary innovation. We propose that cases where a single genotype can manifest as multiple phenotypes may be more common than previously expected and offer a general mechanism for evolutionary innovation.
Data from: Amphotericin B-conjugated polypeptide hydrogels as a novel innovative strategy for fungal infections
The present work is focused on design and development of novel Amphotericin B-conjugated biocompatible and biodegradable poly-peptide hydrogels to improve the antifungal activity. Using three kinds of promoting self-assembly groups (2-naphthalene acetic acid, Naproxen and Dexamethasone) and poly-peptide sequence (Phe-Phe-Asp-Lys-Tyr, FFDKY), we successfully synthesized the Nap-FFDK (AmB) Y gels, Npx-FFDK (AmB) Y gels and Dex-FFDK (AmB) Y gels. The Amphotericin B-conjugated hydrogelators are highly soluble in different aqueous solutions. The Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of hydrogels afford nanofibers with width of 20~50 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses demonstrate that the crystalline structure of the AmB and Dex are changed into amorphous structure after formation of hydrogels. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the solution of blank carriers and the corresponding drug deliveries further help elucidate the molecular arrangement in gel phase, indicating the existence of turn features. The in vitro drug releases suggest that the Amphotericin B-conjugated hydrogels are suitable as drug-controlled release vehicles for hydrophobic drug. The antifungal effect of AmB-conjugated hydrogels significantly exhibits the antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The results of present study indicated that the Amphotericin B-conjugated hydrogels are suitable carriers for poorly water soluble drugs and for enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of antifungal drugs.
Data from: Innovative females are more promiscuous in great tits (Parus major)
Individual variation in the propensity to express innovative behaviors is increasingly recognized as ecologically and evolutionary significant. A growing number of studies show that more innovative individuals can realize higher breeding success, indicating that innovativeness may be important in mating decisions. Here we investigated whether male and female performance in innovative problem-solving tasks is linked to sexual selection via extra-pair mating behavior. We observed the problem-solving success of great tit (Parus major) pairs in 2 tasks at the nest, and related it to the occurrence of extra-pair paternity (EPP) in their broods. In a food-acquisition task, we found no difference in EPP among pairs in which the male solved, pairs in which the female solved, and unsuccessful pairs. In an obstacle-removal task that was solved almost exclusively by females, EPP was more frequent in broods of solver females than in broods of unsuccessful females. These results do not support the hypothesis that the social male's innovativeness influences the female's extra-pair mating behavior. Instead, they suggest that the female's infidelity covaries positively with her innovativeness. Furthermore, EPP was related to both parents' neophobia such that pairs of highly neophobic individuals were less likely to have EPP than pairs that contained at least one individual with low neophobia. These findings indicate that promiscuity is associated with certain behavioral phenotypes, suggesting that both innovativeness and novelty seeking may facilitate the investment into and/or the exposure to extra-pair mating attempts.
Data from: Innovative consumers: ecological, behavioral and physiological predictors of responses to novel food
Consumer innovation, i.e. the acquisition and consumption of novel food types, has received little attention despite its predominance among animal innovations, and its potential implications for the ecology and evolution of species in a changing world. Results of the few studies that have investigated individual responses to novel foods suggest that various ecological, behavioral, and physiological variables may impact individual propensity for consumer innovation, but further work is needed to clarify these relationships. We investigated if urbanization, social rank, exploratory personality, and baseline levels of corticosterone predict food neophobia and consumer innovation responses of wild-caught black-capped chickadees (N=170) from 14 sites along an urbanization gradient. Our analyses do not support a link between food neophobia or consumer innovation and urbanization, dominance or exploratory personality. However, birds with higher levels of baseline corticosterone were quicker to contact novel food types, and more likely to consume novel foods than individuals with lower levels of the hormone. This finding suggests that physiological states that promote foraging behavior might drive individual responses to novel food. Additionally, we found that chickadees tested later in autumn were less neophobic than those tested earlier in the season, perhaps reflecting seasonal changes in food availability. Together, the ability of baseline corticosterone and date of capture to predict responses to novel food suggest that necessity may drive consumer innovation in chickadees.
Data from: Multiple continental radiations and correlates of diversification in Lupinus (Leguminosae): testing for key innovation with incomplete taxon sampling
Replicate radiations provide powerful comparative systems to address questions about the interplay between opportunity and innovation in driving episodes of diversification and the factors limiting their subsequent progression. However, such systems have been rarely documented at intercontinental scales. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis of multiple radiations in the genus Lupinus (Leguminosae), which exhibits some of the highest known rates of net diversification in plants. Given that incomplete taxon sampling, background extinction, and lineage-specific variation in diversification rates can confound macroevolutionary inferences regarding the timing and mechanisms of cladogenesis, we used Bayesian relaxed clock phylogenetic analyses as well as MEDUSA and BiSSE birth–death likelihood models of diversification, to evaluate the evolutionary patterns of lineage accumulation in Lupinus. We identified 3 significant shifts to increased rates of net diversification (r) relative to background levels in the genus (r = 0.18–0.48 lineages/myr). The primary shift occurred approximately 4.6 Ma (r = 0.48–1.76) in the montane regions of western North America, followed by a secondary shift approximately 2.7 Ma (r = 0.89–3.33) associated with range expansion and diversification of allopatrically distributed sister clades in the Mexican highlands and Andes. We also recovered evidence for a third independent shift approximately 6.5 Ma at the base of a lower elevation eastern South American grassland and campo rupestre clade (r = 0.36–1.33). Bayesian ancestral state reconstructions and BiSSE likelihood analyses of correlated diversification indicated that increased rates of speciation are strongly associated with the derived evolution of perennial life history and invasion of montane ecosystems. Although we currently lack hard evidence for "replicate adaptive radiations" in the sense of convergent morphological and ecological trajectories among species in different clades, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that iteroparity functioned as an adaptive key innovation, providing a mechanism for range expansion and rapid divergence in upper elevation regions across much of the New World.
Innovations in water quality assessment
<p>Dataset accompanying BSc thesis "Innovations in water quality assessment" by Henok Tesfai, University of Amsterdam.</p>
Innovative Strategies for Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability Modeling: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning-based q-RASAR Approach
<p>In the current research, we have unveiled an advanced technique termed the quantitative Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (q-RASAR) framework to harnesses the power of machine learning (ML) for significantly enhancing the precision of predictions related to blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. It is important to emphasize that the central objective of this study is not to introduce another model for predicting BBB permeability. Instead, our focus is on highlighting the improvement in predicting the BBB permeability of organic compounds by introducing the q-RASAR approach. This innovative methodology strives to enhance the precision of evaluating neuropharmacological implications and streamline the drug development process. In this investigation, we developed an ML-based q-RASAR PLS model using a dataset comprising 1012 compounds of diverse classes of heterocyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, obtained from the freely accessible B3DB database (accessible at <a href="https://github.com/theochem/B3DB">https://github.com/theochem/B3DB</a>) to predict BBB permeability during the lead discovery phase for central nervous system (CNS) drugs. The model's predictive capability underwent validation using two external sets, encompassing a total of 1,130,315 compounds, including synthetic compounds and natural products (NPs) for data gap filling and other two external sets comprising 116 drug-like/drug compounds from FDA and ChEMBL databases to assess the model's reliability. This study aimed to bridge the data gap by employing a predictive model to estimate the impact of brain-plasma concentration ratios on BBB permeability for both synthetic compounds and natural products (NPs). To further enhance predictability, we have developed various other ML-based q-RASAR models. The insights from the developed model highlight the pivotal roles played by hydrophobicity, electronic effects, degree of ionization and steric factors as essential features facilitating the traversal of the blood-brain barrier. This research not only advances our understanding of the molecular determinants influencing the permeability of central nervous system drugs but also establishes a versatile computational platform for the rapid assessment of diverse compounds, facilitating informed decision-making in the realms of drug development and design.</p>
Dataset for "An innovative pure rotational Raman lidar for accurately profiling atmospheric temperature and aerosol/cloud backscatter coefficients"
<p>This is the dataset used in the paper "<span>An innovative pure rotational Raman lidar for accurately profiling atmospheric temperature and aerosol/cloud backscatter coefficients"</span></p>
Finite element dataset and Artificial Neural Networks algorithms to predict the mechanical properties of innovative CLT
<p>This folder includes the data collected from the finite element simulations of the innovative CLT to compute its mechanical properties, the error of the closed-form solutions predicting the bending stiffness in the minor direction D22, the variation of the distance between the Reissner Mindlin and Bending Gradient theory in terms of spacing between lateral lamellas, the hyperparameters tuning of several Artificial Neural Networks algorithms with or without prior knowledge, the ML evaluations, the saved artificial neural network algorithms to predict each mechanical property of innovative CLT, and the ML application to use it.</p>
Collected data from finite element simulations to calculate the mechanical properties of innovative CLT using ABAQUS
<p>A dataset is collected from finite element computation using ABAQUS for different configurations of innovative CLT. In the dataset, we have the inputs (w, t1, t2, t3, t4, s, E_L, G_LZ, G_CZ) describing the microstructure of innovative CLT, and the elastic properties (Membrane stiffness: A11, A22, In-plane Poisson effect stiffness: A12, In-plane shear stiffness: A33, Bending stiffness: D11, D22, Out of plane Poisson effect stiffness: D12, Torsional stiffness: D33, out of plane Bending Gradient shear compliances: h11, h12, h16, h22, h26, h33, h34, h35, h44, h45, h55, h66) deriving from the FE computations. We have also the results of closed-form solutions that predicts these elastic properties of innovative CLT. </p>
Supporting Data for "Innovative reforestation mosaics on marginal land in the globally important Mata Atlântica biome can create climate and economic co-benefits"
<p>This data is related to the article "Innovative reforestation mosaics on marginal land in the globally important Mata Atlântica biome can create climate and economic co-benefits."</p>
Data set for this article tiled " the relationship between product innovation and customer satisfaction
<p>my data set for this article tiled " the relationship between product innovation and customer satisfaction</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.