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Continuous microclimate measurements from Forest Site J, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2007-2016.
This research involves collecting continuous soil moisture measurements on plot J of the forest gap project. In addition, air temperature, and soil temperature at 5 and 20 cm depths are also measured.
Measurements of coarse woody debris at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC from 2003 to 2014
The five Terrestrial Gradient sites were established in the early 1990s as part of the 1990 Coweeta LTER Renewal. The original terrestrial gradient sites were 20 x 40-m. In the late 1990s the plots were expanded to 80 x 80-m and later (around 1998) they were slope-corrected by Clark's lab using survey equipment. In this study, coarse woody debris (CWD) was measured in each of the five terrestrial gradient plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab from 2003 through 2014. The length, diameters, and decay class of coarse wood were measured within each of the plots.
Measurements of Soil %C and %N at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC.
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Soil %C and %N were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Spring and Fall Leaf Phenology from Coweeta LTER Soil Moisture Sites SM2 & SM4, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 2003-2015
Spring vegetative bud break, leaf elongation, fall leaf color, and leaf senescence are monitored at the two scaffold towers located at Project 1040 soil moisture microclimate sites 2 and 4. We have identified a variety of species at the elevation extremes within the Coweeta basin for this yearly monitoring project.
Stand Dynamics and Radial Growth Measurements from Old-Growth and Secondary-Growth Forests at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Joyce Kilmer Wilderness Area
Our objectives were to define disturbance causes, rates (percent disturbance per decade), magnitudes and frequency (time since last disturbance) for both secondary and old-growth mixed-oak stands, and to determine if all mixed oak stands experience similar disturbance history.
Measurements of leaf litter Carbon and Nitrogen from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC
This project was started by Haines and Crossley in 1992 to compare leaf litter weights among the five gradient plots (though data from the first collections were not included in this dataset because the original dataset did not represent a complete quarter of collection). Litter is collected from ten 91.4 x 91.4 cm leaf collectors within each of the gradient plots. Litter is collected on a quarterly basis (monthly in the autumn). The litter is then separated by category, dried, weighed, and processed in a Wiley mill for later carbon and nitrogen analyses. Since the project first started, the collection process has expanded to include non-leaf litter (e.g., lichens, bark, and seeds), fine twigs (0-2.5 cm diameter), and medium twigs (2.5-10 cm diameter).
Soil respiration and flux measurements from Watersheds 17 and 18,Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC.
In order to better understand soil respiration and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fluxes, 90 closed container chambers were installed in 18 plots located at upper, mid, and lower-slope lcoations within Coweetas watersheds 17 and 18. For eighteen months, soil moisture, soil temperature, and CO2 measurements were taken through the collars of pipes located within each plots. These measurements were used to determine total flux and other statisitcal information in order to better understand these forest processes.
Goodyera pubescens plant demography from 1999-2003 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hepatica nobilis (Anenome americana) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hexastylis arifolia (Asarum canadensis) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Soil carbon cycling response to hemlock mortality at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
We studied the impacts of hemlock mortality from infestation by the hemlock woolly adlegid (HWA) on soil carbon cycling at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The HWA was first found at Coweeta in 2003. In 2013 and 2014, we re-sampled plots established in an earlier study by Elliott and others. There were 12 20 x 20 m plots: 4 were control hardwood stands, 4 were untreated hemlock communities, and 4 were hemlock that were girdled. We measured soil C and N concentration, soil delta 13 C, exoemzyme activities, root biomass, soil respiration, forest floor mass, and fungal hyphal biomass.
Riparian study: hourly microclimate data from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1994 to 2007
This data set contains air temperature and soil temperature data from the control (hurricane) slope and treatment (manual rhododendron removal) slope on watershed 56 at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The arrays of thermocouple sensors are arranged along transects that are parallel to the stream channel and 1, 5, and 15 m uphill for each slope. Data were collected from 1994 to 2007 when dataloggers were removed.
Riparian Study: Soil Moisture (TDR) from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 through 1995
TDR sites are located at intervals along the hillslope beginning 0-5 m from stream edge and continuing up the slope to the ridgetop near the edge of the white pines of WS 1. Originally, seventeen plots at two depths with three replicates each were installed. After the September 1995 collection, Hurricane Opal irreparably damaged three of the control plots. Fourteen plots remain and are measured on a biweekly basis.
Litter decomposition data from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1995
Litter bags (5 X 5 cm, 1mm nylon mesh) were filled with 5 0.2 g of air dried litter from R. maximum or Q. prinus (two dominant tree species in the watershed). The bags were then placed upon the soil surface along transects 1, 5, and 15 meters upslope from the stream (as described for microbial C and N). Bags were placed in the field in December, 1993. Three replicate bags of each litter type were collected from both sites and all transects, every three months. Upon retrieval, leaves were dried and cleaned of any residual soil particles. Samples were then weighed to determine percent weight loss, over time. In these data files, litter decomp studies are saved by species (Q. prinus or R. max) and then by distance from the stream (1, 5, or 15 meters). The # of days column is the amount of time the bags were in the field. % weight remaining is> the proportion of weight upon collection to initial weight. This is followed by the average % weight remaining for each collection date and its standard deviation. The average C/N is the C/N ratio for the litterbags, by collection date. The total C and N for litter was determined using the Carlo Erba Total C and N analyzer.
Riparian zone seedling establishment, growth, dynamics, and the influence of Rhododendron maximum soil moisture: forest floor data at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 2000
The effect of Rhododendron maximum, a dominate species in the riparian zones of the Southern Appalachians, on carbon, water, and nutrients en route to the streams is an ongoing study in the LTER research program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. To study seedling establishment, growth, and dynamics in riparian zones one m2 quadrats have been established. There are four sites which include one treatment site, where the rhododendron has been removed from the riparian zone, one hurricane site, where there is extensive disturbance from Hurricane Opal, and two control sites, one upslope from the treatment site and one upstream from the hurricane site. Each of these fours sites have ten randomly located natural regeneration one m2 quadrats as well as four randomly located replicates of three adjacent one m2 quadrats. In each of the three adjacent quadrats, the litter was removed from the lower half to determine the effect of litter on the germination and growth of seedlings. Two of the adjacent quadrats have been broadcast seeded with Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Quercus rubra. In one of the two quadrats that have been broadcast seeded, a predator exclusion mesh screen, 1m x 1/2m with " openings, has been installed in the quadrat to determine the effect of small mammal predation on regeneration. Quadrats were installed on 24 April 1997 and an initial vegetation survey was conducted in May 1997. All seedlings were permanently tagged at this time and quadrat physical characteristics such as slope, aspect, and distance from stream were recorded. Broadcast seeding was done on 21 May 1997. Each year censuses will be conducted in spring and fall on each quadrat and seedling species, density, age, and annual height growth will be recorded. This project will help to document the effect of Rhododendron maximum on regeneration in the riparian areas as well as the effect of hurricane disturbance on regeneration.
Riparian study: soil water chemistry (lysimeters) yearly data (1993 to 1997) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
These measurements are a part of a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment conducted on WS 56 at Coweeta. The purpose of the project is to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum on the export of nutrients and organic matter, on microbial community function, on downslope coarse woody debris transport, on seedling regeneration, and on microclimatic variables such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Two experimental hillslope transects that span topographic flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream were instrumented with lysimeters in two soil horizons, the BA (20-25 cm deep) and the B (40-50 cm deep). The vegetation cut was conducted on the "treatment slope" in Aug 1995. Shortly thereafter, Oct 1995, hurricane Opal blew down a significant number of canopy trees on the "control slope." Due to this natural disturbance, the project was adjusted to contrast the effects of natural vs human disturbance - a bank of lysimeters above the cut area was unaffected and now serve as the control data for the project. The treatment slope has been renamed the "cut slope" and the hurricane impact slope has been renamed the "storm slope." The project uses a terrain-fitted hillslope hydrology model (TAPES-C, IHDM4 hybrid) to account for water flux and nutrient loading from the hillslope before and after the cut and storm impacts.
Dissolved organic carbon (doc) in stream water at watersheds 7, 14, and 27 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in stream ecosystem processes. This study seeks to examine long-term patterns in DOC concentration in stream water resulting from climatic variation and associated with recovery form clear-cutting. Watershed 7 was clear-cut in 1977 as part of a multi-investigator study examining the response of both the terrestrial and aquatic communities to commercial clear-cutting.
Leaf decomposition along the Ball Creek / Coweeta Creek elevational gradient at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1991 to 1992
This work was conducted in the southern Appalachian Mountains at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA from 1991 to 1992. We investigated in-stream leaf decomposition in different habitat patches using leaf species that varied in their speed of processing along a first fourth-order stream gradient. Most studies of stream disturbance have been from the perspective of point or non-point discharges that impinge directly on stream communities. Streams may also receive indirect impacts when the catchments they drain are disturbed by such activities as logging. Logging has been extensive in areas drained by small to intermediate streams throughout the United States, and few streams in the Eastern United States drain forests that have escaped logging. The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of clear-cutting on the rates at which riparian tree leaves are comminuted by first-order stream communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Long term responses of first order streams to allochthonous and detrital manipulations at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC from 1984 to 2006
This dataset examines the long term effects of litter exclusion, small and large wood removal, and the addition of leaf species of varying detrital quality on organic matter standing crop, export of organic and inorganic particles, and invertebrate abundance and biomass in a high-gradient headwater stream. Pre-treatment and stream reference data are also included. This study was conducted at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory watersheds 53, 54, and 55 from years 1988 through 2006.
Shope Fork of Coweeta Creek streamflow at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1934 to 1999
Coweeta Watershed 08 is Shope Fork, one of the four headwater streams forming Coweeta Creek which drains into the Little Tennessee River near Otto (Macon County) North Carolina. WS089 has 759.6 ha, entirely forested except for gravel roads servicing research sites, and ranges in elevation from 701.6 m at the weir to 1600 m at the peak of Albert Mountain. The majority of the watershed has been covered with mixed deciduous forest for the entire period of record except for small clearings associated with raingage and climate station sites and watershed treatments. The two largest treatments were cutting of all forest vegetation on 43.7 ha in 1963 and 59.6 ha in 1977. Natural regeneration revegetated both areas quickly with canopy closure occurring within 10 years or less.
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