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1,225 results for “land snail”
Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
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Deep structure, long-distance migration and admixture in the colour polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis
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Data from: In both directions: Expansions of European land snails to the north and south from glacial refugia
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Data from: Diversity of land snail tribe Helicini (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae): where do we stand after 20 years of sequencing mitochondrial markers?
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Convergent evolution of failure- and wear-prevention in radulae of rock-scraping land snails (Chondrinidae, Gastropoda)
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Overcoming the congenitally disadvantageous mutation through adaptation to environmental UV exposure in land snails
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RNA-sequencing dataset of land snails collected in Australia
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Figure 4 in Rediscovery and re-description of Rhaphaulus assamicus Godwin-Austenı 1886ı an endemic pupinid land snail from India (Gastropoda: Pupinidae)
Figure 4. (a) Field photograph of Rhaphaulus assamicus Godwin-Austen, 1886 [1882–1920]; (b–f) the habitats of R. assamicus in Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Supplementary material 1 from: Yeung NW, Slapcinsky J, Strong EE, Kim JR, Hayes KA (2020) Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae). ZooKeys 950: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669
Non-type material examined for Auriculella auricula, A. minuta, A. perpusilla, A. perversa, and A. tenella
Data from: The standard metabolic rate of a land snail (Cepaea hortensis) is a repeatable trait and influences winter survival
<p>Phenotypic selection on physiological parameters is an underrepresented topic in studies of evolutionary biology. There is especially a lack of studies involving invertebrate organisms. We studied the repeatability of the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the effect of individual variation in SMR on the subsequent winter survival in a terrestrial shell-bearing mollusc, the white-lipped snail (<i>Cepaea hortensis</i>) in mid-Norway. SMR was measured twice during the autumn and – after an experimental overwintering at controlled conditions – twice during the following spring. We found a significant repeatability of SMR over all three time periods tested, with a clear effect of time, with a high repeatability of 0.56 over 4 days during spring, 0.44 over 12 days in the autumn and 0.17 over 194 days from autumn to spring. That SMR is a repeatable physiological trait across the winter period during which a possible selection might occur, suggests that SMR could be a potential target of natural selection. We indeed found that the autumn SMR significantly influenced the probability of survival during the winter period, with a combination of a positive linear (P = 0.011) and a quadratic stabilizing (P = 0.001) effect on SMR. Our results hence support the view that metabolic rate is an important physiological component influencing the fitness of an organism.</p>
Data from: Divergence before and after the isolation of islands: phylogeography of the Bradybaena land snails on the Ryukyu Islands of Japan
Aim: Vicariance events have been proposed as a major source of lineage divergence on continental islands, whereas dispersal events followed by isolation have been proposed as the major cause on oceanic islands. However, organisms on continental islands may include taxa with characteristics similar to those on oceanic islands. Lineage divergence unassociated with the geological events that separated islands may also have occurred. This study addresses these possibilities through morphological and molecular phylogeographic analyses of land snails (Bradybaena) on continental islands. Location: Samples were mainly collected on the Ryukyu and Izu Islands in Japan Methods: Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mtDNA (16S rRNA + COI) and nDNA (18S rRNA + ITS1 + 5.8S rRNA + ITS2 + 28S rRNA) were conducted for 225 individuals comprising B. circulus, B. phaeogramma, and four of its subspecies endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. Shell and genital morphologies were also examined using qualitative and statistical methods. Results: The Bradybaena populations examined were phylogenetically classified into six major clades whose divergence occurred during either Miocene-Pliocene or Pliocene-Pleistocene. Although phylogeographic patterns estimated on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene support the vicariance hypothesis for the origin of the major clades of Bradybaena, the phylogeographic patterns estimated by COI showed that these major clades resulted from diversification before the archipelagos separated from the continent. Both of these phylogeographic patterns suggest that genetic divergence occurred by dispersal from the southern to northern islands after divergence of major clades. The inferred phylogenies document parallel morphological evolution, yielding phylogenetic, morphological, and taxonomic incongruences that created mosaic geographical patterns in the distribution of nominal taxa. Main conclusions: Lineage diversification in endemic species on continental islands can occur before archipelago separation or subsequently via dispersal, as is seen in species on oceanic islands. Mechanisms other than vicariance should also be considered when estimating processes that created geographical patterns of genetic variations on continental islands.
Data from: Predator-prey interactions between shell-boring beetle larvae and rock-dwelling land snails
Drilus beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are specialized predators of land snails. Here, we describe various aspects of the predator-prey interactions between multiple Drilus species attacking multiple Albinaria (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) species in Greece. We observe that Drilus species may be facultative or obligate Albinaria-specialists. We map geographically varying predation rates in Crete, where on average 24% of empty shells carry fatal Drilus bore holes. We also provide first-hand observations and video-footage of prey entry and exit strategies of the Drilus larvae, and evaluate the potential mutual evolutionary impacts. We find limited evidence for an effect of shell features and snail behavioral traits on inter- and intra-specifically differing predation rates. We also find that Drilus predators adjust their predation behavior based on specific shell traits of the prey. In conclusion, we suggest that, with these baseline data, this interesting predator-prey system will be available for further, detailed more evolutionary ecology studies.
Data from: Functional connectivity in replicated urban landscapes in the land snail (Cornu aspersum)
Urban areas are highly fragmented and thereby exert strong constraints on individual dispersal. Despite this, some species manage to persist in urban areas, such as the garden snail, Cornu aspersum, which is common in cityscapes despite its low mobility. Using landscape genetic approaches, we combined study area replication and multi-scale analysis to determine how landscape composition, configuration, and connectivity influence snail dispersal across urban areas. At the overall landscape scale, areas with a high percentage of roads decreased genetic differentiation between populations. At the population scale, genetic differentiation was positively linked with building surface, the proportion of borders where wooded patches and roads appeared side-by-side and the proportion of borders combining wooded patches and other impervious areas. Analyses based on pairwise genetic distances validated the isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-resistance models for this land snail, with an equal fit to least-cost paths and circuit-theory-based models. Each of the 12 landscapes analyzed separately yielded specific relations to environmental features, whereas analyses integrating all replicates highlighted general common effects. Our results suggest that urban transport infrastructures facilitate passive snail dispersal. At a local scale, corresponding to active dispersal, unfavorable habitats (wooded and impervious areas) isolate populations. This work upholds the use of replicated landscapes to increase the generalizability of landscape genetics results, and shows how multi-scale analyses provide insight to scale-dependent processes.
Data from: Rapid, habitat-related evolution of land snail colour morphs on reclaimed land
I made use of the known dates of reclamation (and of afforestations) in the IJsselmeerpolders in The Netherlands to assess evolutionary adaptation in Cepaea nemoralis. At 12 localities (three in each polder), I sampled a total of 4390 adult individuals in paired open and shaded habitats, on average 233 m apart, and scored these for genetic shell colour polymorphisms. The results show (highly) significant differentiation at most localities, although the genes involved differed per locality. Overall, though, populations in shaded habitats had evolved towards darker shells than those in adjacent open habitats, whereas a 'Cain & Sheppard' diagram (proportion yellow shells plotted against 'effectively unbanded' shells) failed to reveal a clear pattern. This might suggest that thermal selection is more important than visual selection in generating this pattern. Trait differentiation, regardless of whether they were plotted against polder age or habitat age, showed a linear increase of differentiation with time, corresponding to a mean rate of trait evolution of 15–31 kilodarwin. In conclusion, C. nemoralis is capable of rapid and considerable evolutionary differentiation over 1–25 snail generations, though equilibrium may be reached only at longer time scales.
Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae
<p>Many theoretical studies have suggested that disruptive selection plays an important role in phenotypic divergence, but few studies have determined the action of disruptive selection on phenotypic divergence via field studies. This study investigated the effect of disruptive selection on shell colour polymorphism in the Japanese land snail <i>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</i> to determine whether extreme phenotypes of snail shell colour are favored over intermediate phenotypes<i>.</i> We conducted field surveys on an oceanic island with black, yellow, and intermediate-coloured <i>E. p. simodae</i>snails, capturing and marking approximately 1,800 individual snail and monitoring their survival over 18 months. We quantified their shell colours against images and examined the frequency distribution of shell colour variation. The variation exhibited a bimodal distribution with a far lower frequency of intermediate-coloured snails than of black oryellow snails. The population sizes of the three snail groups fluctuated synchronously with the changing seasons. Bayesian estimates showed lower survival rates for the juvenile intermediate-coloured snails than for juvenile black and yellow snails, implying there was disruptive selection associated with shell colour. We suggest this disruptive selection may have resulted in the evolutionary divergence of the snail's shell colour within the lineage having high shell colour variations.</p>
Figure 2 in Activity and reproduction in Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata): implications for conservation in captivity for a South American land snail
Figure 2. Mean values of activity among observation periods in experiment. The values of were defined as the values of scores of PC1 multiplied by −1 according to Minoretti et al. (2011). Different letters indicates statistical differences between treatments.
Figure 1 in Activity and reproduction in Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata): implications for conservation in captivity for a South American land snail
Figure 1. Mean number of egg laying of Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Pilsbry & Ihering, 1900) during the experiment.
FIGURES 13 in Polygyrid land snails, Vespericola (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), 4. A new and possibly extinct species from central California, U. S. A.
FIGURES 13. Vespericola ohlone Roth, sp. nov. Holotype, SBMNH 348128, Patterson's Willows, Alameda County, California. Top, apertural, and basal views of shell. Diameter (exclusive of outer lip) 14.5 mm; scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 15. Physical map of Rurutu (French Polynesia), showing the distribution of the new species of Endodontidae described herein; yellow represents areas ofraised coral reef (matos). A. circles, Australdonta oheatora; triangles, A. pakalolo. B. circles, Minidonta boucheti; triangles, A. anneae. C. A. sibleti. D. A. florencei. E. A. teaae. F. M. bieleri.
FIGURE 16 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 16. Physical map of Rurutu (French Polynesia), showing the distribution of previously known species of Endodontidae (A–G), and a summary of species richness per station (H); yellow represents areas of raised coral reef (matos). A. Australdonta degagei. B. A. tapina. C. A. pseudplanulata. D. A. collicella. E. circles, A. yoshii; triangles, A. sulcata. F. circles, A. magnasulcata; triangles, A. radiella rurutuensis. G. circles, Minidonta haplaenopla; triangles, A. microspiralis; square, A. magnasulcatissima. H. species richness indicated by gradient of color from white (zero endodontid species) to very dark red (eleven endodontid species).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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