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779 results for “pigment”
Challenging the concept that eumelanin is the polymorphic brown banded pigment in Cepaea nemoralis
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Data from: Phylogeny and generic delimitation in Molluginaceae, new pigment data in Caryophyllales, and the new family Corbichoniaceae
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Many ways to make darker flies: Intra- and inter-specific variation in Drosophila body pigmentation components
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Data from: Carotenoid metabolic profiling and transcriptome-genome mining reveal functional equivalence among blue-pigmented copepods and appendicularia
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Data from: Inter-chromosomal coupling between vision and pigmentation genes during genomic divergence
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Data from: Convergent evolution of cytochrome P450s underlies independent origins of keto-carotenoid pigmentation in animals
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Data from: Protoporphyrin-based eggshell pigmentation is associated with female plumage colouration and predicts offspring sex ratio in the barn swallow
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Data from: Ecology and sexual selection: evolution of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies in relation to latitude, sexual dimorphism and speciation
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Native American genetic ancestry and pigmentation allele contributions to skin color in a Caribbean population
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Measurements of wing pigmentation in wild-type, <em>yellow</em>, and <em>tan</em> mutants of <em>Drosophila guttifera</em>
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Data associated with "Floral pigmentation has responded rapidly to global change in ozone and temperature"
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Pigmentation biosynthesis influences the microbiome associated with sea urchins
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Data from: Oxidative stress in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): role of aging, and DJ-1
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Differential influence of Slc7a11 expression and body condition on pheomelanin‐based pigmentation in two Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea populations with different predation risk
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis from rosette bottle samples at various depths from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 to 2017.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) samples are collected from rosette bottles (from three to eight different depths in the photic zone) at stations located within the CCE region on Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing). The HPLC method is used to measure concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids in samples of particulate matter, which includes filtering and freezing the filter while at sea. The taxon-specific phyto-pigments are extracted back onshore. Concentrations of chlorophyll a are used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and concentrations of other taxon-specific pigments are used to determine contributions of phytoplankton taxa to total phytoplankton biomass.
Ci-contre: Instantanés sur la biologie de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises 1, Cryptotympana aquila (Walker, 1850), mâle en train de s'alimenter (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 2, Cryptotympana mandarina Distant, 1891, femelle achevant sa métamorphose (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 0 h 45). – 3, Meimuna durga (Distant, 1881); mâle cymbalisant, ailes non écartées (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 14 h 15). – 4, Meimuna durga (Distant, 1881), mâle et femelle accouplés (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 13 h 45). – 5, Pomponia linearis (Walker, 1850), mâle au repos (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, le matin, vers 11 heures). – 6 et 7, Tanna ventriroseus n. sp., mâle cymbalisant (6); mâle s'alimentant (7); (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 8, Terpnosia nonusaprilis n. sp., mâle cymbalisant, ailes non écartées (objectif de 135 mm, in natura). – 9, Terpnosia nonpareil s n. sp., mâle et femelle accouplés (objectif de 300 mm, in natura, 11 h 55). – 10, Meimuna tavoyana (Distant, 1888), mâle; vue des 3/4 ventraux mettant en évidence la forme et l'écartement de ses opercules (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 11, Gaeana cheni Chou & Yao, 1985, mâle achevant de se métamorphoser (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, la nuit, 3 h 17). – 12, Gaeana cheni Chou & Yao, 1985, couple venant de chuter à terre (objectif de 135 mm, 14 h 35). – 13, Ambragaeana ambra Chou & Yao, 1985, mâle dans la phase finale de sa métamorphose, achevant de pigmenter sa livrée (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, au milieu d'une matinée ensoleillée). (Photographies Michel Boulard). in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)
Ci-contre: Instantanés sur la biologie de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises 1, Cryptotympana aquila (Walker, 1850), mâle en train de s'alimenter (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 2, Cryptotympana mandarina Distant, 1891, femelle achevant sa métamorphose (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 0 h 45). – 3, Meimuna durga (Distant, 1881); mâle cymbalisant, ailes non écartées (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 14 h 15). – 4, Meimuna durga (Distant, 1881), mâle et femelle accouplés (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, 13 h 45). – 5, Pomponia linearis (Walker, 1850), mâle au repos (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, le matin, vers 11 heures). – 6 et 7, Tanna ventriroseus n. sp., mâle cymbalisant (6); mâle s'alimentant (7); (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 8, Terpnosia nonusaprilis n. sp., mâle cymbalisant, ailes non écartées (objectif de 135 mm, in natura). – 9, Terpnosia nonpareil s n. sp., mâle et femelle accouplés (objectif de 300 mm, in natura, 11 h 55). – 10, Meimuna tavoyana (Distant, 1888), mâle; vue des 3/4 ventraux mettant en évidence la forme et l'écartement de ses opercules (objectif de 100 mm, en cage). – 11, Gaeana cheni Chou & Yao, 1985, mâle achevant de se métamorphoser (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, la nuit, 3 h 17). – 12, Gaeana cheni Chou & Yao, 1985, couple venant de chuter à terre (objectif de 135 mm, 14 h 35). – 13, Ambragaeana ambra Chou & Yao, 1985, mâle dans la phase finale de sa métamorphose, achevant de pigmenter sa livrée (objectif de 135 mm, in natura, au milieu d'une matinée ensoleillée). (Photographies Michel Boulard).
Data from: Complex patterns of cis-regulatory polymorphisms in ebony underlie standing pigmentation variation in Drosophila melanogaster
Pigmentation traits in adult Drosophila melanogaster were used in this study to investigate how phenotypic variations of continuous ecological traits can be maintained in a natural population. First, pigmentation variation in the adult female was measured at seven different body positions in 20 strains from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) originating from a natural population in North Carolina. Next, to assess the contributions of cis-regulatory polymorphisms of the genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, allele-specific expression levels of four genes were quantified by amplicon sequencing using a 454 GS Junior. Among those genes, ebony was significantly associated with pigmentation intensity of the thoracic segment. Detailed sequence analysis of the gene regulatory regions of this gene indicated that many different functional cis-regulatory alleles are segregating in the population and that variations outside the core enhancer element could potentially play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, a slight enrichment of distantly associated SNP pairs was observed in the ~10 kb cis-regulatory region of ebony, which suggested the presence of interacting elements scattered across the region. In contrast, sequence analysis in the core cis-regulatory region of tan indicated that SNPs within the region are significantly associated with allele-specific expression level of this gene. Collectively, the data suggest that the underlying genetic differences in the cis-regulatory regions that control intraspecific pigmentation variation can be more complex than those of interspecific pigmentation trait differences, where causal genetic changes are typically confined to modular enhancer elements.
Data from: Digital photography provides a fast, reliable and non-invasive method to estimate anthocyanin pigment concentration in reproductive and vegetative plant tissues
1. Anthocyanin pigments have become a model trait for evolutionary ecology since they often provide adaptive benefits for plants. Anthocyanins have been traditionally quantified biochemically, or more recently using spectral reflectance. However, both methods require destructive sampling and can be labour intensive and challenging with small samples. Recent advances in digital photography and image processing make it the method of choice for measuring colour in the wild. Here, we use digital images as a quick, non-invasive method to estimate relative anthocyanin concentration among plants exhibiting colour variation. 2. By using a consumer-level digital camera and a free image processing toolbox, we extracted RGB values from digital images to generate colour indices. We tested petals, stems, pedicels and calyces of six species, which contain different types of anthocyanin pigments and exhibit different pigmentation patterns. Colour indices were assessed by their correlation to biochemically determined anthocyanin concentration. For comparison, we also calculated colour indices from spectral reflectance and tested the correlation with anthocyanin concentration. 3. Indices perform differently depending on the nature of the colour variation. For both digital images and spectral reflectance, the most accurate estimates of anthocyanin concentration emerge from anthocyanin content-chroma ratio (ACCR), anthocyanin-chroma basic (ACCB) and strength of green (S green) indices. Some colour indices derived from digital images and spectral reflectance strongly correlate with biochemically determined anthocyanin concentration, but the estimates from digital images performed better than spectral reflectance in terms of 2 and normalized root-mean-square error. This was particularly noticeable in a species with striped petals, but in the case of striped calyces both methods showed a comparable relationship with anthocyanin concentration. 4. Using digital images brings new opportunities to accurately quantify the anthocyanin concentration in both floral and vegetative tissues. This method is efficient, completely non-invasive, applicable to both uniform and patterned colour, and works with samples of any size.
Data from: Camouflaged or tanned: plasticity in freshwater snail pigmentation
By having phenotypically plastic traits, such as morphology, behaviour and life history, many organisms optimise their fitness in response to fluctuating threats. Freshwater snails with translucent shells, e.g. snails from the Radix genus, differ considerably in their mantle pigmentation patterns, with snails from the same water body ranging from completely dark pigmented to only a few dark patterns. These pigmentation differences have previously been suggested to be genetically fixed, but we suggest that this polymorphism is due to phenotypic plasticity in response to a fluctuating environment. Hence, we here aimed at assessing if common stressors, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation, induce a plastic response in mantle pigmentation patterns of Radix balthica. We show, in contrast to previous studies, that snails are plastic in their expression of mantle pigmentation in response to changes in UVR and predator threats, i.e. differences among species or populations are not genetically fixed. When exposed to cues from visually hunting fish, R. balthica increased the proportion of their dark pigmentation, suggesting a crypsis strategy. Snails increased their pigmentation even further in response to UVR, but this also lead to reduced complexity of the patterns. Furthermore, when exposed to UVR and fish, snails responded in the same way as in the UVR treatment, suggesting a trade-off between photoprotection and crypsis.
Data from: Sympatry predicts spot pigmentation patterns and female association behavior in the livebearing fish Poeciliopsis baenschi
In this study, we explored the possibility that differences in pigmentation patterns among populations of the fish Poeciliopsis baenschi were associated with the presence or absence of the closely related species P. turneri. If reproductive character displacement is responsible, spotting patterns in these two species should diverge in sympatry, but not allopatry. We predicted that female P. baenschi from sympatric sites should show a preference for associating with conspecifics vs. heterospecific males, but females from allopatric sites should show no such preferences. To evaluate these predictions, we compared spotting patterns and female association behaviors in populations of P. baenschi from Central Mexico. We found that both of our predictions were supported. Poeciliopsis baenschi that co-occured with P. turneri had spotting patterns significantly different than their counterparts from allopatric sites. Using a simultaneous choice test of video presentations of males, we also found that female P. baenschi from populations that co-occured with P. turneri spent significantly more time with males of their own species than with P. turneri males. In contrast, females from allopatric populations of P. baenschi showed no differences in the amount of time they spent with either conspecific or heterospecific males. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive character displacement may be responsible for behavioral and spotting pattern differences in these populations of P. baenschi.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.