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PISTON 2018 Research Vessel (RV) Thompson ship datasets of ocean, atmosphere, and air-sea interaction

PISTON-ONR-NOAA_RVThompson_2019 is the Propagation of Intra-Seasonal Tropical Oscillations (PISTON) 2018 Research Vessel (RV) Thompson data product. This product is the result of a joint effort that involved NASA as well as the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Data was collected collection for this product using multiple instruments on the RV Thompson platform.The PISTON field campaign, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), was designed to gain understanding and enhance the prediction capability of multi-scale tropical atmospheric convection and air-sea interaction in this region. PISTON targeted the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO), which defines the northward and eastward movement of convection associated with equatorial waves, the MJO, tropical cyclones, and the Maritime Continent monsoon during northern-hemispheric (boreal) summertime. PISTON completed three total shipboard cruises (this doi), deployed eight drifting ocean profiling floats and two full-depth ocean moorings, collaborated with a Japanese research vessel collecting similar data, and also made use of soundings from nearby islands. These activities took place in the Philippine Sea, which is in the tropical northwestern Pacific Ocean north of Palau, between August 2018 - September 2019, with each dataset spanning a slightly different amount of time. There were two US research vessels involved in PISTON: R/V Thomas G. Thompson in Aug-Sept and Sept-Oct 2018 (this doi) and R/V Sally Ride in Sept 2019. The first 2018 cruise coincided collaborative activities with R/V Mirai. The 2019 cruise coincided with the NASA CAMP2Ex airborne field experiment (Clouds, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes-Philippines Experiment, please see more info below). The two specialized moorings were deployed north of Palau and collected data from August 2018 - Oct 2019 to document a time series of ocean characteristics beneath typhoons and other tropical weather disturbances. Toward the same goal, eight profiling ocean floats were also deployed ahead of typhoons in 2018. For characterization of clouds and precipitation, the PISTON shipboard instrument payload included a scanning C-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (SEA-POL), a vertically-pointing Doppler W-band radar, and multiple vertically- and horizontally-scanning lidars. Rawinsondes were launched from the ships for atmospheric profiling. Additional radiosonde and precipitation radar data were collected from R/V Mirai via an international collaboration. Regular soundings were also archived from islands neighboring the Philippines and the Philippine Sea: Dongsha Island, Taiping Island, Yap, Palau, and Guam. Additional atmospheric sampling from the PISTON R/V Thompson 2018 and Sally Ride 2019 cruises included an electric field meter and disdrometer in 2018, and all-sky camera images in 2019. To document near-surface meteorological conditions, air-sea fluxes, and upper-ocean variability including ocean vertical profiles on these cruises, instruments were deployed on and towed from the ship. Additional profiles of ocean acoustics and oceanic chemistry were not archived but are available upon request by James N. Moum, Oregon State University, jim.moum@oregonstate.edu. A forecast team analyzed and predicted conditions of the weather and ocean throughout the PISTON experiment, which were not archived but are available upon request for future modeling and observational analysis studies (contacts: Sue Chen, US Naval Research Lab Monterey, sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil and Michael M. Bell, Colorado State University, mmbell@colostate.edu). There are five total DOIs related to PISTON, separated by ship (and therefore year) as well as other platforms/locations that span multiple years:https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/PISTON2018-ONR-NOAA/RVTHOMPSON/DATA001 (this doi)https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/PISTON2019-ONR-NOAA/RVSALLYRIDE/DATA001https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/PISTON2018-2019-ONR-NOAA/AUTONOMOUS/DATA001 https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/PISTON2018-2019-ONR-NOAA/ISLANDS/DATA001https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/PISTON2018-ONR-NOAA/RVMIRAI/DATA001The CAMP2Ex 2019 data DOI is:https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5067/Suborbital/CAMP2EX2018/DATA001The CAMP2Ex (Clouds, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes-Philippines Experiment, 2019) and PISTON (Propagation of Intra-Seasonal Tropical Oscillations, 2018-2019) were two field studies conducted collaboratively in the Southeast Asian region. While each study had its own set of science objectives, there were common and complementary science goals and instrument payloads between these two projects. Consequently, a synergistic partnership was established at the very beginning of the projects and a coordinated sampling strategy was developed to extend spatial coverage and obtain temporal context information, which benefits the analysis of both data sets fo

KORUS-AQ Research Vessel (R/V) JangMok Ship Data

KORUSAQ_RVJangMokShip_Data features data collected onboard the Research Vessel JangMok during the KORUS-AQ field campaign. This product features trace gas and meteorological and navigational data. Data collection for this product is complete.The KORUS-AQ field study was conducted in South Korea during May-June, 2016. The study was jointly sponsored by NASA and Korea’s National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). The primary objectives were to investigate the factors controlling air quality in Korea (e.g., local emissions, chemical processes, and transboundary transport) and to assess future air quality observing strategies incorporating geostationary satellite observations. To achieve these science objectives, KORUS-AQ adopted a highly coordinated sampling strategy involved surface and airborne measurements including both in-situ and remote sensing instruments.Surface observations provided details on ground-level air quality conditions while airborne sampling provided an assessment of conditions aloft relevant to satellite observations and necessary to understand the role of emissions, chemistry, and dynamics in determining air quality outcomes. The sampling region covers the South Korean peninsula and surrounding waters with a primary focus on the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Airborne sampling was primarily conducted from near surface to about 8 km with extensive profiling to characterize the vertical distribution of pollutants and their precursors. The airborne observational data were collected from three aircraft platforms: the NASA DC-8, NASA B-200, and Hanseo King Air. Surface measurements were conducted from 16 ground sites and 2 ships: R/V Onnuri and R/V Jang Mok.The major data products collected from both the ground and air include in-situ measurements of trace gases (e.g., ozone, reactive nitrogen species, carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane, non-methane and oxygenated hydrocarbon species), aerosols (e.g., microphysical and optical properties and chemical composition), active remote sensing of ozone and aerosols, and passive remote sensing of NO2, CH2O, and O3 column densities. These data products support research focused on examining the impact of photochemistry and transport on ozone and aerosols, evaluating emissions inventories, and assessing the potential use of satellite observations in air quality studies.

Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) collaborative campaign

SABOR (Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research) Collaborative campaign occurred from 19 Jul 2014 - 05 Aug 2014 that sampled the Gulf of Maine, near Bermuda, and shore-waters off the East coast of the United States.

DISCOVER-AQ Maryland Deployment NOAA Delaware II Ship Data

DISCOVERAQ_Maryland_Ship_NOAA-DelawareII_Data contains data collected onboard the NOAA Delaware II Ship during the Maryland (Baltimore-Washington) deployment of NASA's DISCOVER-AQ field study. This data product includes measurements from a micro pulse lidar (MPL), along with ozone and nitrogen oxides measurements. This data product contains data for only the Maryland deployment and data collection is complete.Understanding the factors that contribute to near surface pollution is difficult using only satellite-based observations. The incorporation of surface-level measurements from aircraft and ground-based platforms provides the crucial information necessary to validate and expand upon the use of satellites in understanding near surface pollution. Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) was a four-year campaign conducted in collaboration between NASA Langley Research Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and multiple universities to improve the use of satellites to monitor air quality for public health and environmental benefit. Through targeted airborne and ground-based observations, DISCOVER-AQ enabled more effective use of current and future satellites to diagnose ground level conditions influencing air quality.DISCOVER-AQ employed two NASA aircraft, the P-3B and King Air, with the P-3B completing in-situ spiral profiling of the atmosphere (aerosol properties, meteorological variables, and trace gas species). The King Air conducted both passive and active remote sensing of the atmospheric column extending below the aircraft to the surface. Data from an existing network of surface air quality monitors, AERONET sun photometers, Pandora UV/vis spectrometers and model simulations were also collected. Further, DISCOVER-AQ employed many surface monitoring sites, with measurements being made on the ground, in conjunction with the aircraft. The B200 and P-3B conducted flights in Baltimore-Washington, D.C. in 2011, Houston, TX in 2013, San Joaquin Valley, CA in 2013, and Denver, CO in 2014. These regions were targeted due to being in violation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).The first objective of DISCOVER-AQ was to determine and investigate correlations between surface measurements and satellite column observations for the trace gases ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (CH2O) to understand how satellite column observations can diagnose surface conditions. DISCOVER-AQ also had the objective of using surface-level measurements to understand how satellites measure diurnal variability and to understand what factors control diurnal variability. Lastly, DISCOVER-AQ aimed to explore horizontal scales of variability, such as regions with steep gradients and urban plumes.

Ships of Opportunity for PACE (SO-PACE): Validation of water-leaving reflectances, IOPs, and plankton community metrics

SO-PACE will make use of opportunistic instrument deployments on research vessels to produce measurements of hyperspectral Rrs spanning 350 nm - 750 nm using the pySAS system, a continuous above-water autonomous solar tracking platform to collect water-leaving and sky radiances and downwelling irradiance, from which Rrs is calculated. Complementary measurements of IOPs will be made using underway flow-through systems and using pumps that minimize particle damage. IOP measurements will provide several products including: chlorophyll-a concentrations and spectral absorption of phytoplankton (both derived from particulate absorption), and spectral backscattering coefficients. The slope of particulate attenuation will provide estimates of trends in both bulk particle and phytoplankton size distributions. Concentrations of chlorophyll-a as well as additional phytoplankton accessory pigments will be estimated from both particulate absorption and Rrs spectra. Additionally, discrete water samples will be collected from flow-through systems and prepared for onshore laboratory HPLC analysis of phytoplankton pigments. Continuous measurements of phytoplankton communities will be made using two well-established instruments: an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) and a SeaFlow (a continuous flow cytometer). These two instruments will also be deployed on shipboard flow-through systems, and have a combined range of ~ 0.6-150 microns for quantitative phytoplankton assessment.

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Gene expression profiling of s-SHIP positive mammary epithelial cells

GEO Series GSE81385. Mus musculus. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

FIGURE 18. Ophidiaster guildingi and Solaster spp. A. O in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 18. Ophidiaster guildingi and Solaster spp. A. O. guildingi on large sponge. South of Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 424 m. B. O. guildingi on encrusting organisms. South of Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 25.60506 -84.55012, 480 m C. O. guildingi with arm on sponge. Stetson Mesa Terrace, 445 m. D. O. guildingi feeding on cup corals. South of Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 435 m. E. Orange species with crab associate (enlarged inset). Pamlico Canyon Ridge, North Atlantic 1587 m F. White species. Richardson's Jellyfish, 846 m.

FIGURE 22. Feeding aggregation small. Peltaster placenta and Cidaris rugosa attacking a in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 22. Feeding aggregation small. Peltaster placenta and Cidaris rugosa attacking a sponge. Scale bar=10.0 cm. A.Wide angle. B. Focus on dominant Peltaster placenta.

FIGURE 19. Henricia antillarum A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 19. Henricia antillarum A. Feeding observation on hexactinellid sponge, Central Blake Plateau, 766 m. B. Feeding observation on cladorhizid sponge, Key Largo Deep, 601 m. C. Abactinal view of USNM 1607572, collected feeding on cladorhizid. D. Actinal view.

FIGURE 21 in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 21. Large feeding aggregation. Peltaster placenta, Plinthaster dentatus, and Cidaris rugosa attacking a rissoid sponge. A. Wide angle. B. Closer view on predation within the spongocoel.

FIGURE 14. Peltaster and Plinthaster A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 14. Peltaster and Plinthaster A. Peltaster placenta, sponge predation. Stetson Mesa "Seep", 738 m B. Peltaster placenta, sponge predation. Bajo de Sico, Puerto Rico, 310 m C. Peltaster placenta, glass sponge predation, Stetson Mesa "Seep", 778 m D. Plinthaster dentatus feeding on encrusted coral rubble. Stetson Mesa Seep, 814 m

FIGURE 13. Nymphaster arenatus A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 13. Nymphaster arenatus A. Bivalve predation. Horne Dome, Gulf of Mexico, 1049 m. B. Small purple polychaete (indicated by arrow) sitting adjacent to same individual. C. Entrenched in sediment. Horne Dome, Gulf of Mexico, 1052 m. D. Long tapering arm variant, Archeology site, 1880 m. E. Smaller individual, "Unnamed Ridge on GC973", 1528 m

FIGURE 10 in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 10. Evoplosoma nizinskiae & Evoplosoma spp. Small specimen, USNM 1550630 unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal plates. Scale=1.0 mm. B. Furrow spination differences. Scale=1.0 mm. C. In situ feeding observation. R=1.8 cm. D. E. nizinskiae feeding observation West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico. 2181 m. E. Evoplosoma sp. 1, Blake Ridge, North Atlantic, 3388 m. F. Evoplosoma sp. 2, Mona Canyon East, Puerto Rico, 2393 m.

FIGURE 11. Floriaster maya. A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 11. Floriaster maya. A. In situ feeding observation Berg Bits. B. In situ feeding observation Mona South Ridge, 1156 m. C. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Abactinal-lateral surface. Scale bar=0.5 cm.

FIGURE. 9. Evoplosoma nizinskiae n in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE. 9. Evoplosoma nizinskiae n. sp. Holotype, USNM 1507289, scale bar=1.0 cm. A. Abactinal surface B. Close up showing surface detail. Scale bar=3.0 mm. C.Lateral surface showing marginal plates surface. Scale bar=3.0 mm. D. Oral surface. scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Close up on abactinal and lateral surface distalmost arm region. Scale bar=3.0 mm. F. Furrow spination. Scale bar=3.0 mm.

FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson's Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m.

FIGURE 8. Cladaster rudis, USNM 160757 A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 8. Cladaster rudis, USNM 160757 A. In situ feeding observation of Cladaster feeding on Lophelia coral. B. Abactinal surface. C. Actinal surface. D. Actinal intermediae region, showing three pedicellariae (indicated with arrows).

FIGURE 7. Circeaster feeding observations. A. C in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 7. Circeaster feeding observations. A. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Mona South Ridge, Caribbean Sea, 1133 m B. C. americanus feeding on isidid octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 693 m C. C. americanus feeding on Chrysogorgia sp. octocoral. Okeanos Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 721 m.

FIGURE 5. Poraniidae. A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 5. Poraniidae. A. Chondraster grandis on Acanthogorgia sp. "Unnamed canyon",611 m. B. Marginaster pectinatus. Cape Fear, 373 m. C. Poraniomorpha abyssicola. Blake Ridge, 3403 m. D. and E. Chondraster grandis on Lophelia pertusa. Richardson Ridge, 781 m.

FIGURE 1. A in New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

FIGURE 1. A. Map showing collection localities of asteroids on Blake plateau and other relevant areas. B. Map showing localities of Evoplosoma and other species collected from Puerto Rico. Modified from Google Maps, Map data, i.e. starfish coordinates provided by NOAA.