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FIGURE 8 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 8. Circularity plotted against LWR. Blue circles: Platanus neptuni. Red squares: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Yellow diamonds: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. Black line: Relationship between circularity and length-towidth ratio of an ellipse. Please note that this relationship was calculated by using an approximate equation for the perimeter of an ellipse, which causes the slight deflection of the curve for high circularity values. As approximation, the following equation for the ellipse perimeter (EP) was used: EP = π* [2 * (a2 + b2)1/2].

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Position in the laying order has sex-specific consequences for reproductive success in adult black-headed gulls

Mothers who produce multiple offspring within one reproductive attempt often allocate resources differentially; some maternally-derived substances are preferentially allocated to last-produced offspring and others to first-produced offspring. The combined effect of these different allocation regimes on the overall fitness of offspring produced early or late in the sequence is not well understood, partly because production order is often coupled with birth order, making it difficult to separate effects of pre-natal maternal allocation from those of post-natal social environments. In addition, very little is known about the influence of laying order on fitness in later-life. In this study, we used a semi-natural captive colony of black-headed gulls to test whether an offspring's position in the laying order affected its early life survival and later life reproductive success, independent of its hatching order. Later-laid eggs were less likely to hatch, but among those that did, survival to adulthood was greater than that of first-laid eggs. In adulthood, the laying order of females did not affect their likelihood of breeding in the colony, but male offspring hatched from last-laid eggs were significantly less likely to gain a breeding position than earlier-laid males. In contrast, later-laid female parents hatched lower proportions of their clutches than first-laid females, but hatching success was unrelated to the laying order of male parents. Our results indicate that gull mothers induce complex and sex-specific effects on both the early survival of their offspring and on long-term reproductive success through laying order effects among eggs of the same breeding attempt.

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Supplementary Material for Documentation artifacts for conversation-related requirements specification in chatbots: a systematic review and a meta-model proposal

This is a supplementary data of the tertiary systematic literature review conducted in the paper "Conversation-related requirements specification in chatbots: a systematic review and a meta-model proposal". Context: Chatbots are complex applications due to their capacity to engage and maintain a conversation with humans.  However, the conversational-related requirements of chatbots are hard to elicit, document, and test. Another challenge is the documentation since there are not so many directions on how to register and test subjective requirements. Methods: We followed systematic literature review (SLR) guidelines and identified 42 relevant papers that address the artifacts used by practitioners to document conversational-related requirements in literature. We also investigated what conversational requirements are addressed in requirements documentation. Results: The main results indicate that UML diagrams, prototypes, tables of requirements, conversational flows, and scenarios are present in most chatbot documentation. Except for UML diagrams, those artifacts are used to document standard requirements or conversational requirements. In those artifacts, context-dependent behavior, assertivity, error handling, and human-like attitude are the most approached conversational requirements in the studies. In sequence, based on our findings, we propose the conversational integrated map, a meta-model solution as documentation of conversational requirements.

Fig. 6 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 6. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in podzolic brown soil of the dmmast oak FOrest FRom BIIrzava (b).

Fig. 5 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 5. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the durmast oak forest from Corbe�ti.

Fig. 4 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 4. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the hoRNbeam-beech FOrest from Cladova (b).

Fig. 2 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 2. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in brown acid soil of the beech forest fRom Miidrige�ti a.

Fig. 3 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 3. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown acid soil of the hornbeambeech forest from Miidrige�ti (b).

Fig. 1 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 1. - Dendrogram of cluster analysis FOR nematode communities, based on specific affinity, in the deciduous FOrests from the ZaRand Mountains.

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Data from: Residues neighboring an SH3-binding motif participate in determining affinity and specificity in vivo

In signaling networks, many protein-protein interactions are mediated by modular domains that bind short linear motifs. The motifs' sequences modulate many factors, among them affinity and specificity, or the ability to bind strongly and to bind the appropriate partners. Previous studies have proposed a trade-off between affinity and specificity, suggesting that motifs with high affinity are less capable of differentiating between domains with similar sequences and structures. Using Deep Mutational Scanning to create a mutant library of a well characterized binding motif, and protein complementation assays to measure protein-protein interactions, we tested this trade-off in vivo for the first time. We measured the binding strength and specificity of a library of mutants of a binding motif on the MAP kinase kinase Pbs2, which binds the SH3 domain of the osmosensor protein Sho1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that many mutations in the region surrounding the binding motif modify binding strength, but that few mutations have a strong impact on specificity. Moreover, we find no systematic relationship between affinity and specificity as measured in vivo. Interestingly, all Pbs2 mutations which increase affinity or specificity are situated outside of the Pbs2 residues that interact with the canonical SH3-binding pocket, suggesting that other surfaces on Sho1 contribute to binding. We use predicted structures to propose a model of binding which involves residues neighboring the core Pbs2 motif binding outside of the canonical SH3-binding pocket, allowing affinity and specificity to be determined by a broader range of sequences than what has previously been considered.

Fig. 15 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 15. Trychosis breviterebratus sp. nov. (A-F, KPM-NK 75758) ― A, lateral habitus; B, dorsal habitus; C, frons, frontal view; D, head and mesosoma, lateral view; E, propodeum, dorsal view; F, right wings.

Fig. 14. Hylophasma luica Sheng, Li in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 14. Hylophasma luica Sheng, Li & Wang, 2019 (A-D, KPM-NK 75813; E, KPM-NK 75821) and Picardiella melanoleuca (Gravenhorst, 1829)(F-J, KPM-NK 75744) ― A, E, F, lateral habitus; B, G, dorsal habitus; C, H, head, frontal view; D, J, right fore wing; I, propodeum, dorsal view.

Fig. 13. Hoplocryptus sumiyona Uchida, 1956 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 13. Hoplocryptus sumiyona Uchida, 1956 (A-C, KPM-NK 76581) and H. toshimensis sp. nov. (E-I, KPM-NK 75797) ― A, E, dorsal habitus; B, F, head, frontal view; C, head and mesosoma, dorso-lateral view; D, lateral habitus; G, propodeum, dorsal view; H, right fore wing; I. metasoma, dorsal view.

Fig. 12 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 12. Hoplocryptus pini (Momoi, 1973) (A, D, F, KPM-NK 76578; B, E, KPM-NK 75780; C, G, KPM-NK 75774; H-J, 76580) ― A-C, H, lateral habitus; D, E, I, head, mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view; F, J, head, frontal view; G, propodeum, dorsso-lateral view.

Fig. 10 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 10. Hoplocryptus ezoensis sp. nov. (A, C-F, KPM-NK 75799; B, KPM-NK 75802) and Ho. intermedius sp. nov. (G-K, KPM-NK 75806; L, M, KPM-NK 76582) ― A, G, L, lateral habitus; B, C, dorsal habitus; D, H, M, head, frontal view; E, J, propodeum, dorsal (E) and dorso-lateral (J) view; I, head and mesoscutum, dorso-lateral view; K, right fore wing.

Fig. 6. Caenocryptoides convergens Momoi, 1966 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 6. Caenocryptoides convergens Momoi, 1966 (A-C, TMNH) and Cryptus daidaigaster sp. nov. (D-J, NIAES) ― A, D, I, lateral habitus; B, E, head, mesosoma and metasoma, dorso-lateral view; C, F, J, head, frontal view; G, propodeum, dorsal view; H, right wings.

Fig. 2 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 2. Aritranis kuro sp. nov. (A, B, KPM-NK 75832); Buathra nipponica sp. nov. (C, D, KPM-NK 75746), Glabridorsum japonicum sp. nov. (E, KPM-NK 75742), Hoplocryptus ezoensis sp. nov. (F, KPM-NK 75799), Ho. intermedius sp. nov. (G, KPM-NK 75804), Ho. japonicus sp. nov. (H, KPM-NK 75771), Ho. maculatus sp. nov. (I, KPM-NK 75790, J, KPM-NK 75781, K, KPM-NK 75783), Hylophasma luica Sheng, Li & Wang, 2019 (L, M, KPM-NK 75813) and Trychosis breviterebratus sp. nov. (N, KPM-NK 75748), females ― A, F, G, H, M, propodeum and T I, dorsal (A, H, M) and lateral (F, G) view; B, E, L, T I, lateral view; C, I, propodeum, lateral (C) and dorsal (I) view; D, T I, lateral view; J, K, area basalis and part of anterior transverse carina of propodeum; N, metasoma, lateral view. Surface sculpture of right half of Fig. 2A omitted.

Fig. 1 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 1. Aritranis kuro sp. nov. (A, KPM-NK 75838); Buathra nipponica sp. nov. (B, C, KPM-NK 75746), Hoplocryptus ezoensis sp. nov. (D, KPM-NK 75799), Ho. ashoroensis sp. nov. (E, NIAES), Ho. intermedius sp. nov. (F, KPM-NK 75804), Ho. japonicus sp. nov. (G, KPM-NK 75771), Ho. maculatus sp. nov. (H, KPM-NK 75781), Ho. toshimensis sp. nov. (I, KPM-NK 75797), Hylophasma luica Sheng, Li & Wang, 2019 (J, K, KPM-NK 75813) and Trychosis breviterebratus sp. nov. (L-P, KPM-NK 75748), females ― A-D, J-M, head, frontal (A, B, D, J, L), lateral (C) and dorsal (K, M) view; E-I, apical margin of clypeus, frontal view; K, left mandible; O, left fore femur, anterior view; lower part of epicnemial carina, lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 5. Buathra nipponica sp. nov. (A-G, KPM-NK 75746; H, I, KPM-NK 75747) ― A, lateral habitus; B, mesosoma, lateral view; C, head, mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view; D, frons, frontal view; E, propodeum, dorsal view; F, right fore wing; G, apex of metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Fig. 9 in Expression of green fluorescent protein defines a specific population of lamina II excitatory interneurons in the GRP::eGFP mouse

Fig. 9. Gotra elegans sp. nov. (A, C, D, KPM-NK 75822; B, E, KPM-NK 75823) and Hoplocryptus ashoroensis sp. nov. (F-J, NIAES) ― A, C, lateral habitus; B, dorsal habitus; C, H, head, frontal view; D, head, mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view; E, I, propodeum, dorsal view; J, right fore wing.