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1,288 results for “threatened”
Figure 2 in 'Endangered' or 'Near Threatened', distribution status of Karaavali Skittering frog from the west coast of peninsular India
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree for the genus Euphlyctis based on 573 bp of 16S rRNA.
Figure. The location of the study area (black dot) near the Tisza River in East Hungary. in The first recording of the threatened species, the European weather loach, Misgurnus fossilis (Berg, 1949), in the diet of the pike
Figure. The location of the study area (black dot) near the Tisza River in East Hungary.
Figure 1 in Updated checklist of Odonata fauna in the Turkish Thrace Region, with additional records of new, rare, and threatened taxa
Figure 1. Localities of the species given from Turkish Thrace in the study.
Figure 2 in Updated checklist of Odonata fauna in the Turkish Thrace Region, with additional records of new, rare, and threatened taxa
Figure 2. Male of Selysiothemis nigra from Kıyıköy.
Fig. 2 in Disease reservoirs threaten the recently rediscovered Podocarpus Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus podocarpus)
Fig. 2. Map of the study area showing the six field sites.
Fig. 1 in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae): a weevil threatening the production of agave in Mexico
Fig. 1. Distribution of Scyphophorus acupunctatus in Mexico.
Male reproductive effort might be evolving in the face of devastating disease in a threatened amphibian
The devastating infectious disease chytridiomycosis has caused declines of amphibians across the globe, yet some populations are persisting and even recovering. One understudied effect of wildlife disease is changes in reproductive effort. Here we aimed to understand if disease has plastic effects on reproduction and if reproductive effort could evolve with disease endemism. We compared the effects of experimental pathogen exposure (trait plasticity) and population-level disease history (evolution in trait baseline) on reproductive effort using gametogenesis as a proxy in the declining and endangered frog Litoria verreauxii alpina. We found that unexposed males from disease-endemic populations had higher reproductive effort, which is consistent with an evolutionary response to chytridiomycosis. We also found evidence of trait plasticity, where males and females were affected differently by infection: pathogen exposed males had higher reproductive effort (larger testes), whereas females had reduced reproductive effort (smaller and fewer developed eggs) regardless of the population of origin. Infectious disease can cause plastic changes in reproductive effort at an individual level, and population-level disease exposure can result in changes to baseline reproductive effort; therefore, individual- and population-level effects of disease should be considered when designing management and conservation programs for threatened and declining species. --
Predicting the competitive interactions and trophic niche consequences of a globally invasive fish with threatened native species
<p>1. Novel trophic interactions between invasive and native species potentially increase levels of inter-specific competition in the receiving environment. However, theory on the trophic impacts of invasive fauna on native competitors is ambiguous, as while increased inter-specific competition can result in the species having constricted and diverged trophic niches, the species might instead increase their niche sizes, especially in omnivorous species.</p> <p>2. The competitive interactions between an omnivorous invasive fish, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and a tropically analogous native and threatened fish, crucian carp Carassius carassius, were tested using comparative functional responses (CFRs). A natural pond experiment then presented the species in allopatry and sympatry, determining the changes in their trophic (isotopic) niche sizes and positions over four years. These predictive approaches were complemented by assessing their trophic relationships in wild populations.</p> <p>3. CFRs revealed that compared to crucian carp, carp had a significantly higher maximum consumption rate. Coupled with a previous cohabitation growth study, these results predicted that competition between the species is asymmetric, with carp the superior competitor.</p> <p>4. The pond experiment used stable isotope metrics to quantify shifts in the trophic (isotopic) niche sizes of the fishes. In allopatry, the isotopic niches of the two species were similar sized and diverged. Conversely, in sympatry, carp isotopic niches were always considerably larger than those of crucian carp and were strongly partitioned. Sympatric crucian carp had larger isotopic niches than allopatric conspecifics, a likely response to asymmetric competition from carp. However, carp isotopic niches were also larger in sympatry than allopatry. In the wild populations, the carp isotopic niches were always larger than crucian carp niches, and were highly divergent.</p> <p>5. The superior competitive abilities of carp predicted in aquaria experiments were considered to be a process involved in sympatric crucian carp having larger isotopic niches than in allopatry. However, as sympatric carp also had larger niches than in allopatry, this suggests other ecological processes were also likely to be involved, such as those relating to fish prey resources. These results highlight the inherent complexity in determining how omnivorous invasive species integrate into food-webs and alter their structure.</p>
Within-year and among-year variation in impacts of targeted conservation management on juvenile survival in a threatened population
<p>1. Overall impacts of targeted conservation interventions on population growth rate (λ) will depend on within-year and among-year variation in exposure of target individuals to interventions, and in intervention efficacy in increasing vital rates of exposed individuals. Juvenile survival is one key vital rate that commonly varies substantially within and among years, and consequently drives variation in λ. However, within-year, among-year and overall impacts of targeted interventions on population-wide survival probabilities of potentially mobile juveniles are rarely quantified, precluding full evaluation and evidence-based refinement of interventions.</p> <p>2. We applied multi-state mark-recapture models to eight years of ring-resighting data from a threatened red-billed chough (<i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i>) population to quantify within-year and among-year variation in juvenile exposure to a targeted intervention of supplementary feeding and parasite treatment, and to estimate efficacy in increasing juvenile survival probability. We then combined and up-scaled these estimated effects to evaluate the impact of the eight-year intervention on overall population-wide survival probability and resulting population size.</p> <p>3. High proportions of surviving juveniles (>70%) were exposed to the intervention across the annual biological cycle in all years. Exposure was associated with higher short-term survival probabilities through the full annual cycle. Consequently, management increased estimated population-wide annual juvenile survival by approximately 0.14. However, such effects were only evident in cohorts with low overall annual survival.</p> <p>4. Population models projected that these impacts on annual juvenile survival substantially reduced population decline, such that population size at the end of the eight-year intervention was approximately double that without management.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show how complex patterns of within-year and among-year variation in exposure and efficacy of targeted conservation interventions can arise and scale up to affect population-level outcomes. We demonstrate positive effects of a major intervention, but also highlight potential routes to improve efficacy, for example through more precise targeting of agricultural management actions in the context of among-year variation in environmental conditions.</p>
Figure 3 in Distribution, threats and conservation of the White-collared Kite (Leptodon forbesi, Accipitridae), the most threatened raptor in the Neotropics
Figure 3. Response curves of the four predictors variables that most contributed to the model of Leptodon forbesi. Precipitation of coldest quarter (bio 19) (mm), declivity (dec) (%), mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio 8) (°C × 10), and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio 16) (mm).
Figure 2 in Distribution, threats and conservation of the White-collared Kite (Leptodon forbesi, Accipitridae), the most threatened raptor in the Neotropics
Figure 2. (A) Potential distribution maps of Leptodon forbesi continuous model (probability of presence from 0 to 1: warmer colors show areas with better environmental conditions based on the species occurrence records (black points); (B) Binary model: suitable areas in red color (probability of presence ≥ 0.2) and forest fragments in gray color (probability of presence <0.35); (C) Forest fragments> 100 ha in suitable area, adopted here as distribution area of Leptodon forbesi.
Climate change threatens the future of rainforest ringtail possums by 2050
<p><span>Aim</span></p> <p>The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather escalate the pressure of global warming on biodiversity. Globally, synergistic effects of multiple components of climate change have driven local extinctions and community collapses, raising concern about the irreversible deterioration of ecosystems. Here, we disentangle the pressure of different climatic components on the population dynamics of a tropical community of marsupials in a World Heritage Area.</p> <p><span>Location</span></p> <p>The Australian Wet Tropics.</p> <p><span>Method</span></p> <p>We analyse the potential influence of climate change in different dimensions, quantifying the effect of spatial differences in temperature exposure and observed increases in temperature and frequency of extreme heatwaves.</p> <p><span>Results</span></p> <p>We find a strong negative effect of climate change on population dynamics, particularly extreme heatwaves, resulting in a rapid and severe decline in ringtails' population size in the last three decades.</p> <p><span>Main conclusions</span></p> <p>Forecasted increases in temperature and heatwaves threaten the collapse of the community by 2050, with ringtail possums falling below population viability thresholds within two decades.</p>
Detectability and impact of repetitive surveys on threatened West African crocodylians: Data M1
<p>West African crocodylians are among the most threatened and least studied crocodylian species globally. Assessing population status and establishing a basis for population monitoring is the highest priority action for this region. Monitoring of crocodiles is influenced by many factors that affect detectability, including environmental variables and individual or population-level wariness. We investigated how these factors affect detectability and counts of the Critically Endangered <em>Mecistops cataphractus</em> and the newly recognized <em>Crocodylus suchus</em>. We implemented 195 repetitive surveys at 38 sites across Côte d'Ivoire between 2014 and 2019. We used an occupancy-based approach and a count-based GLMM analysis to determine the effect of environmental and anthropogenic variables on detection, and modeled crocodile wariness over repetitive surveys. Despite their rarity and level of threat, detection probability of both species was relatively high (0.75 for <em>M. cataphractus </em>and 0.81 for <em>C. suchus</em>), but a minimum of two surveys was required to infer absence of either species with 90% confidence. We found that detection of<em> M. cataphractus</em> was significantly negatively influenced by fishing net encounter rate, while high temperature for the previous 48h of the day of the survey increased <em>C. suchus</em> detection. Precipitation and aquatic vegetation had significant negative and positive influence, respectively, on <em>M. cataphractus</em> counts and showed the opposite effect for <em>C. suchus</em> counts. We also found that fishing encounter rate had a significant negative effect on <em>C. suchus</em> counts. Interestingly, survey repetition did not generally affect wariness for either species, though there was some indication that at least <em>C. suchus</em> was more wary by the fourth replicate. These results are informative for designing future survey and monitoring protocols for these threatened crocodylians in West Africa, and for other endangered crocodylians globally.</p>
Landscape-scale dynamics of a threatened species respond to local-scale conservation management
<p><span>Landscape-scale approaches are increasingly advocated for species conservation but ensuring landscape level persistence by enlarging the size of patches or increasing their physical connectivity is often impractical. Here, we test how such barriers can be overcome by management of habitat at the local (site-based) level, using a rare butterfly as an exemplar. We used four surveys of the entire UK distribution of the Lulworth Skipper (<em>Thymelicus</em> <em>acteon</em>) over 40 years to test how local habitat influences population density and colonization / extinction dynamics, and parameterized, validated and applied a metapopulation model to simulate effects of varying local habitat quality on regional persistence. We found the total number of populations in four distribution snapshots between 1978 and 2017 varied between 59–84, and from 1997 to 2017, 34% of local populations showed turnover (colonization or extinction). Population density was closely linked to vegetation characteristics indicative of management, namely height and food plant frequency, both of which changed through time. Simulating effects of habitat quality on metapopulation dynamics 40 years into the future suggests coordinated changes to two key components of quality (vegetation height and food plant frequency) would increase patch occupancy above the range observed in the past 40 years (50–80%). In contrast, deterioration of either component below threshold levels leads to metapopulation retraction to core sub-networks of patches, or eventual extirpation. Our results indicate that changes to habitat quality can overcome constraints imposed by habitat patch area and spatial location on relative rates of colonization and local extinction, demonstrating the sensitivity of regional dynamics to targeted in situ management. Local habitat management therefore plays a key role in landscape-scale conservation. Monitoring of population density, and the monitoring and management of local (site-level) habitat quality, therefore represent effective and important components of conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes.</span></p>
Data from: Are Mediterranean marine threatened species at high risk by climate change?
<p><span>Rapid anthropogenic climate change is driving threatened biodiversity one step closer to extinction. Effects on native biodiversity are determined by an interplay between species' exposure to climate change and their specific ecological and life-history characteristics that render them even more susceptible. Impacts on biodiversity have already been reported; however, a systematic risk evaluation of threatened marine populations is lacking. Here, we employ a trait-based approach to assess the risk of 90 threatened marine Mediterranean species to climate change, combining species' exposure to increased sea temperature and intrinsic vulnerability. One-quarter of the threatened marine biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea is predicted to be under elevated levels of climate risk, with </span><span>various traits </span><span>identified as key vulnerability traits</span><span>. Climate risk, vulnerability and exposure hotspots are distributed along the Western Mediterranean, Alboran, Aegean, and Adriatic Seas. At each Mediterranean marine ecoregion, 21% to 31% of their threatened species have high climate risk. All Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas host threatened species with high risk to climate change, with 90% having a minimum of 4 up to 19 species of high climate risk, making the objective of a climate-smart conservation strategy a crucial task for immediate planning and action. Our findings aspire to offer new insights for systematic, spatially strategic planning and prioritization of vulnerable marine life in the face of accelerating climate change.</span></p>
A chromosome-scale high-contiguity genome assembly of the threatened cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
<p><span>The cheetah (<em>Acinonyx</em> <em>jubatus</em>, SCHREBER 1775) is a large felid and is considered the fastest land animal. Historically, it inhabited open grassland across Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and southwestern Asia; however, only small and fragmented populations remain today. Here, we present a de novo genome assembly of the cheetah based on PacBio continuous long reads and Hi-C proximity ligation data. The final assembly (VMU_Ajub_asm_v1.0) has a total length of 2.38 Gb, of which 99.7% are anchored into the expected 19 chromosome-scale scaffolds. The contig and scaffold N50 values of 96.8 Mb and 144.4 Mb, respectively, a BUSCO completeness of 95.4% and a k-mer completeness of 98.4%, emphasize the high quality of the assembly. Furthermore, annotation of the assembly identified 23,622 genes and a repeat content of 40.4%. This new highly contiguous and chromosome-scale assembly will greatly benefit conservation and evolutionary genomic analyses and will be a valuable resource, e.g., to gain a detailed understanding of the function and diversity of immune response genes in felids.</span></p>
Data for Sea urchin mass mortalities 40 years apart further threaten Caribbean coral reefs
<p>In 1983-1984, a mass mortality caused a Caribbean-wide, >95% population reduction of the echinoid grazer, Diadema antillarum. This led to blooms of algae contributing to the devastation of scleractinian coral populations. Since then, D. antillarum exhibited only limited and patchy population recovery in shallow water, and in 2022 was struck by a second mass mortality reported over many regions in the Caribbean. Half a century of time-series analyses of populations of this sea urchin from St. John, US Virgin Islands, reveal that the 2022 event has reduced population densities by 98.00% compared to 2021, and by 99.96% compared to 1983. In 2021, coral cover throughout the Caribbean was approaching the lowest values recorded in modern times. However, prior to 2022, locations with small aggregations of D. antillarum produced grazing halos in which weedy corals were able to successfully recruit and become the dominant coral taxa. The 2022 mortality has eliminated these halos on St. John and perhaps many other regions, thereby increasing the risk that these reefs will further transition into coral-free communities.</p>
Map 1 in Impatiens banen and Impatiens etugei (Balsaminaceae), new threatened species from lowland of the Cross-Sanaga Interval, Cameroon
Map 1. Global distributions of Impatiens banen and I. etugei. BY XANDER VAN DER BURGT.
Diet of a threatened rattlesnake (eastern massasauga) revealed by DNA metabarcoding
<p>Characterizing the diet of imperiled species using minimally invasive methods is crucial to understanding their ecology and conservation requirements. Here, we apply a DNA metabarcoding approach to study the diet of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (<em>Sistrurus</em> <em>catenatus</em>), a Federally Threatened snake found throughout the Great Lakes region. Eighty-three fecal samples collected across 10 different massasauga populations located in Michigan, USA, were sequenced, with 70 samples containing prey DNA. We used universal metazoan primers and developed a host-specific oligonucleotide blocker to characterize their diet. We identified at least 12 different prey species, with eastern massasaugas exhibiting opportunistic feeding and a strong preference towards small mammals. Meadow voles (<em>Microtus</em> <em>pennsylvanicus</em>) were the most common prey item (70% of diet) followed by the northern short-tailed shrew (<em>Blarina</em> <em>brevicauda</em>) and masked shrew (<em>Sorex</em> <em>cinereus</em>; 15.7% of diet each), along with occasional bird and snake prey. Adult individuals exhibited a more generalized diet, consuming a larger number of prey taxa on average. Younger snakes consumed a smaller variety of prey items and tended to consume smaller-sized mammals such as masked shrews (<em>Sorex</em> <em>cinereus</em>) and northern short-tailed shrews (<em>Blarina</em> <em>brevicauda</em>). We conclude that small mammals are a crucial part of eastern massasauga rattlesnake diet and recommend this be taken into consideration when conservation strategies are developed. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other reptile species, providing an accurate, minimally invasive, and thorough diet assessment for at-risk reptile species.</p>
Data for: High focus on threatened species and habitats may undermine biodiversity conservation: evidence from the northern Baltic Sea
<p><span>Conservation policies and environmental impact assessments commonly target threatened species and habitats. Nevertheless, macroecological research provides reasons why also common species should be considered. </span><span>We investigate the consequences of focusing solely on legally protected species and habitats in a spatial conservation planning context using a comprehensive, benthic marine dataset from the northern Baltic Sea</span><span>. </span><span>Using spatial prioritization and surrogacy analysis, we </span><span>show that the common approach in conservation planning, where legally listed threatened species and habitats are the focus of conservation efforts, could lead to poor outcomes for common species (and therefore biodiversity as a whole), allowing them to decline in the future.</span> <span> </span><span>If conservation efforts were aimed solely at threatened species, common species would experience a loss of 62% coverage. In contrast, if conservation plans were based only on common species, threatened species would suffer a loss of 1%.</span><span> Threatened species are rare and their ecological niches distinct, making them poor surrogates for biodiversity. The best results are achieved by unified planning for all species and habitats. The minimal step towards acknowledging common species in conservation planning would be the inclusion of the richness of common species, complemented by information on indicator species or species of high importance for ecosystem functioning. The trade-off between planning for rare and common species should be evaluated, to minimize losses to biodiversity. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.