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FIGURE 12 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 12. Dorsal views of chewing structure. All Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 11. Details of plate and bracket. A–F, Zabythocypris helicina; A, D–F, specimen 885M; B, specimen 884M; C, specimen 699M. G–J, Bythocypris promoza, all specimen 623M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 10. Details of plate. A, C, Neonesidea tenera; A, specimen 3906M; C, specimen 3892F. B, Neonesidea bacata, specimen 3912M. D, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. E, Neonesidea dinochelata, specimen 975M. F, Neonesidea plumulosa, specimen 3960M. G, Neonesidea holdeni, specimen 3908M. H–J, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963F. K–M, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 8. Details of chewing structure. A–D, L, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3969F. E–F, J–K, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963F. G, N–O, Paranesidea sp. 1, specimen 3968F. H, Neonesidea bacata, specimen 3912M. I, M, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. P–Q, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 7. Entire chewing structure in place. A–C, Neonesidea tenera, specimen 3957J. D–G, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3972F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. Esophagus and head capsule. A–C, F. Zabythocypris helicina. A–C, specimen 699M in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 6. Esophagus and head capsule. A–C, F. Zabythocypris helicina. A–C, specimen 699M; F, specimen 885M. D, Neonesidea tenera, specimen 3892F. E, Bythocypris promoza, specimen 886M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 5. Head capsule, esophagus and chewing structure. A–B, G, I, Neonesidea tenera; A–B, G, specimen 3892F; I, specimen 3957J. C–D, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963M. E–F, Paranesidea gigacantha, specimen 3110M. H, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3959H. J, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. K, Neonesidea holdeni, specimen 3908M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 4. Chewing structure in context. A–B, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3972F. C, Paranesidea gigacantha, specimen 3110M. D–E, H–J, Paranesidea sp. 1; D–E, specimen 3973F; H–J, specimen 3968F. G, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 3. Chewing structure in context of entire animal. A, C, Neonesidea tenera: A, specimen 3962F; C, specimen 3892F. B, E, G, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. D, H, Bairdoppilata sp. 2: D, specimen 3970J; H, specimen 3965J. F, Bairdoppilata sp. 3, specimen 3923F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 2. The chewing organ as seen by modern workers. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets.

FIGURE 2 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 2. The chewing organ as seen by modern workers. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets. A, Triebelina coronata (Brady, 1870) of Rome 1960, Fig. 2D [Glyptobairdia]; plate. B, Bairdia simuvillosa Swain, 1967, Fig. 32h [perhaps Neonesidea]; collar, plate, belt and both braces. C, Neonesidea sp. of Danielopol 1972, Fig. 2G; plate and coiled ring. D, Neonesidea manningi Maddocks, 1975, Fig. 1B; collar, plate, fragments. E, Triebelina aff. T. raripila (Müller, 1894) of Maddocks 1975, Fig. 5D; collar, plate, belt, proximal ends of braces. F, Aponesidea ifatyensis Maddocks, 1991, Fig. 2G; collar only. G, H, Mydionobairdia tulearensis Maddocks, 1991; G, Fig. 3C; H, Fig. 3B. G, collar, outer wall of ring with arched pattern, belt; H, plate with teeth and setules. I, Anchistrocheles darwini Maddocks and Iliffe, 1991, Fig. 5A; collar and outer wall of ring with arched pattern; the plate is crumpled and rotated almost 180°; it has overlapping teeth similar to those of Fig. J. J, Danipussella serpentina Wouters, 1988, Fig. 13; plate with distinctive, overlapping lamellar teeth. K, Bythocypris malyutinae Brandão, 2008, Fig. 32E; ventral view showing collar, inner wall of ring with rows of minute setules, pentagonal plate with multiple rows of marginal teeth, setules and blade ridge; part of chevron groove shows through from dorsal surface. L, Neonesidea gerda (Benson and Coleman, 1963) of Schulz 1976, Fig. 21; left lateral view of head capsule, esophagus and chewing structure. M, Bythocypris promoza Maddocks, 1973 of Schulz 1976, Fig. 26; left lateral view of head capsule. N, Anchistrocheles angulata (Brady, 1870) of Maddocks 1976, Pl. 7, fig. 1 [Orlovibairdia]; right lateral view of jawlike upper and lower lips and atrium.

FIGURE 1 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 1. The chewing organ as seen by G.S. Brady, G.O. Sars and G.W. Müller. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets. Some images have been reoriented: anterior is down or toward the left, posterior is up or toward the right.

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FIGURES 28–35. Dineura, penis valves. 28 in The West Palaearctic Dineura species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 28–35. Dineura, penis valves. 28 virididorsata ♂, penis valve (80155). 29 virididorsata ♂, penis valve (19664; formerly det. pullior). 30–31 stilata ♂, penis valve (11350). 32–33 Dineura testaceipes ♂, penis valve (31800). 34 Dineura parcivalvis ♂, Russian Far East, penis valve (80232). 35 Dineura parcivalvis ♂, Finland, penis valve ["allotyp" FMNH].

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TEXT-FIGURE 3. Scatterplots of morphometric measurements of Thecidellina leipnitzae sp. nov. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width; LDV, length of dorsal valve; T (max), maximal thickness; Lint, length of the interarea, Wint, width of hinge line or interarea. Relationships between ratios L/W and width, LDV/W and width, T(max)/W and width, Lint/W and width and Wint/W and width. Linear regression and regression coefficient (R²) indicated. The regression coefficient (R²) is indicated. N is the number of specimens measured. in Recent thecideide brachiopods from a submarine cave in the Department of Mayotte (France), northern Mozambique Channel

TEXT-FIGURE 3. Scatterplots of morphometric measurements of Thecidellina leipnitzae sp. nov. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width; LDV, length of dorsal valve; T (max), maximal thickness; Lint, length of the interarea, Wint, width of hinge line or interarea. Relationships between ratios L/W and width, LDV/W and width, T(max)/W and width, Lint/W and width and Wint/W and width. Linear regression and regression coefficient (R²) indicated. The regression coefficient (R²) is indicated. N is the number of specimens measured.

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TEXT-FIGURE 4. Minutella cf. minuta (Cooper, 1981), "La Passe bateau" off the south-west coast of Mayotte Island. (1a–e) MNHN-IB-2017-173. a–d. Juvenile articulated specimen in dorsal, oblique lateral, posterior oblique views, and close-up of the posterior part of the shell (the protegulum is clearly limited by a step-like growth line and its surface is slightly granular; the rugideltidium is already well developed whereas the interarea remains reduced). e. Dorsal valve interior in plan view (early ju- venile stage in the ontogeny of the dorsal valve). (2a–c) MNHN-IB-2017-174: dorsal valve interior with well-preserved spicular canopies in plan and oblique posterior views, and close-up of the spicular canopy. (3) MNHN-IB-2017-175: articulated speci- men (young stage of growth). (4) MNHN-IB-2017-176: dorsal valve interior of a young specimen in plan view. in Recent thecideide brachiopods from a submarine cave in the Department of Mayotte (France), northern Mozambique Channel

TEXT-FIGURE 4. Minutella cf. minuta (Cooper, 1981), "La Passe bateau" off the south-west coast of Mayotte Island. (1a–e) MNHN-IB-2017-173. a–d. Juvenile articulated specimen in dorsal, oblique lateral, posterior oblique views, and close-up of the posterior part of the shell (the protegulum is clearly limited by a step-like growth line and its surface is slightly granular; the rugideltidium is already well developed whereas the interarea remains reduced). e. Dorsal valve interior in plan view (early ju- venile stage in the ontogeny of the dorsal valve). (2a–c) MNHN-IB-2017-174: dorsal valve interior with well-preserved spicular canopies in plan and oblique posterior views, and close-up of the spicular canopy. (3) MNHN-IB-2017-175: articulated speci- men (young stage of growth). (4) MNHN-IB-2017-176: dorsal valve interior of a young specimen in plan view.

PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 51–59. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 43–50. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 43–46, external views. Fig. 43. Whole valve view, showing thickened interstriae and blunt spines about the dorsal margin. Fig. 44. View of valve mantle near apex of the valve. Raphe is sinuous, dilated at the proximal end and barely extending onto the valve face. Fig. 45. View of mid-valve showing solid blunt spines on the dorsal margin. Thick interstriae separate striae which bear round occlusions. Fig. 46. Girdle view of a frustule near apex. Raphe branches can be seen on both valves. One valve possesses 10 cingulum elements, which all bear poroids. Figs. 47–50, internal views. Fig. 47. Whole valve. Striae occur in narrow troughs. Pseudosepta are present at the poles. Fig. 48. Valve apex, with helictoglossa and rimoportula present. Fig. 49. Mid-valve showing narrow troughs of the striae. Fig. 50. Apex of the valve.

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 18–27. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 28–33. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 28–30, external views. Fig. 28. Whole valve showing valve outline and distal raphe ends curing ca. ¼ of the way from the ventral margin towards dorsal margin. Figs 29, 30. Valve apices, with distal raphe end dilated slightly and curved onto the valve face. Areolae are occluded externally. Figures 31–33, internal views. Fig. 31. Whole valve, with pseudosepta present at each apex. Figs 32, 33, valve apices. Striae appear to be in continuous vertically-oriented troughs. Helictoglossa is short. The rimoportula is sessile, small.

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 34–42. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.