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15,277 results for “GENETICS”
FIGURE 1 in Importance of genetic data in resolving cryptic species: A century old problem of understanding the distribution of Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale 1919 (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities of Minervarya syhadrensis (▲), M. caperata (■) and collection localities (●) in the present study.
FIGURE 4 in Importance of genetic data in resolving cryptic species: A century old problem of understanding the distribution of Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale 1919 (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
FIGURE 4. Advertisement call of Minervarya species A. Microtemporal structure (A) and spectrogram (B) of a call group. (C) Microtemporal structure of a single call. Note the pulsed nature of call.
FIGURE 6 in Importance of genetic data in resolving cryptic species: A century old problem of understanding the distribution of Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale 1919 (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
FIGURE 6. Comparison of five call properties between Minervarya species A and Minervarya species B. Bar graphs represent mean±SE (P ˂ 0.05). CD = call duration, PRR = pulse repetition rate, FF = fundamental frequency, and DF = dominant frequency.
FIGURE 8 in Importance of genetic data in resolving cryptic species: A century old problem of understanding the distribution of Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale 1919 (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
FIGURE 8. Maximum Likelihood tree based on 574 bp of mitochondrial (16S) gene for Minervarya clade having predominant distribution in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Nepal (Fig 2, Phuge et al. 2019). Locations marked as blue represents the localities from where samples were collected for the present study.
Genetic diversity in the threatened freshwater mussel Lampsilis powellii
<p>North America is home to the greatest share of the world's freshwater mussel diversity; however, over 70% of its ~300 species are endangered or threatened. Lampsilis powellii, the Arkansas Fatmucket, is endemic to Arkansas and now restricted to upstream reaches of the Ouachita and Saline rivers, but the species is declining within this small range. Conservation actions such as augmenting or reintroducing populations may be necessary, but they require knowledge of the distribution of genetic variation within and among extant populations. We analyzed population structure between the South Fork Ouachita River and Saline River using a 607 base pair region of the mitochondrial COI gene and 14 microsatellites designed for Lampsilis abrupta. COI sequences showed little variation and the most common haplotype was present in both rivers. Our mtDNA sequences were indistinguishable from those of L. siliquoidea deposited on GenBank, but we were unable to make conclusions about the taxonomic distinctiveness of L. powellii. Microsatellites showed heterozygote deficiency for most loci and revealed little evidence of population structure between the two rivers. Overall, our results show low genetic diversity in L. powellii, which may reflect its small population size due to its long history of geographic isolation compounded by anthropogenic habitat destruction and fragmentation. Further genetic analyses of lampsiline taxa is needed to establish species limits for Lampsilis in the Interior Highlands.</p>
Data from: Distribution of genetic variation underlying adult migration timing in steelhead of the Columbia River basin
<p>Fish migrations are energetically costly, especially when moving between fresh and saltwater, but are a viable strategy for Pacific salmon and trout (<i>Oncorhynchus </i>spp<i>.</i>) due to the advantageous resources available at various life stages. Anadromous steelhead (<i>O. mykiss</i>) migrate vast distances and exhibit variation for migration phenotypes that have a genetic basis at candidate genes known as <i>greb1L</i> and <i>rock1</i>. We examined the distribution of genetic variation at 13 candidate markers spanning <i>greb1L</i>, intergenic, and<i> rock1</i> regions versus 246 neutral markers for 113 populations (n = 9,471) of steelhead from inland and coastal lineages in the Columbia River. Patterns of population structure with neutral markers reflected genetic similarity by geographic region as demonstrated in previous studies, but candidate markers clustered populations by predominate genetic variation associated with migration timing. Mature alleles for late migration had the highest frequency overall in steelhead populations throughout the Columbia River, with only 9 of 113 populations that had a higher frequency of premature alleles for early migration. While a single haplotype block was evident for the coastal lineage, we identified multiple haplotype blocks for the inland lineage. The inland lineage had one haplotype block that corresponded to candidate markers within the <i>greb1L</i> gene and immediately upstream in the intergenic region, and the second block only contained candidate markers from the intergenic region. Haplotype frequencies had similar patterns of geographic distribution as single markers, but there were distinct differences in frequency between the two haplotype blocks for the inland lineage. Redundancy analyses were used to model environmental effects on allelic frequencies of candidate markers and significant variables were migration distance, temperature, isothermality, and annual precipitation. This study improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of genetic variation underlying migration timing in steelhead as well as associated environmental factors and has direct conservation and management implications.</p>
Data from: The impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the genetic diversity of terrestrial species: a global meta-analysis
<p><span>Human activities are primarily responsible for habitat loss and changes in natural environments around the world. It has been suggested that populations inhabiting human-modified landscapes are subject to reduced gene flow, inbreeding depression, and loss of alleles due to genetic drift. However, empirical evidence shows contradictory effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the genetic diversity of terrestrial species. We performed a meta-analysis of 61 studies that compared the genetic diversity of plant and/or animal populations in disturbed and preserved areas (317 paired comparisons) to investigate general responses to different disturbance type. We found significant negative effects of disturbance on genetic diversity (effect size: -0.45), in which the loss of structural connectivity was the most detrimental disturbance type. The choice of the genetic parameter has an influence on the detection of the effect (direction and magnitude), and consequently the studies using number of effective alleles did not detect genetic erosion, while all other indices, especially allelic richness, revealed negative responses to disturbances. Yet, only studies performed with transferred or both transferred and specific microsatellites showed negative responses to disturbances. The general effect was more detrimental in animal than plant populations. Only plant species with biotic pollination and seed dispersal mode, self-incompatible reproductive system, and shrubs showed negative responses to disturbances. Despite all heterogeneity among studies, we found an overall negative effect of disturbance on genetic diversity of terrestrial populations, which suggests that the remaining populations inhabiting anthropogenic landscapes have a reduced evolutionary potential being more prone to local extinction.</span></p>
FIGURE 23 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 23. Habitat of Ahaetulla travancorica sp. nov. in the upper reaches of Podhigai hills, a part of the Agasthyamalai Ranges, Southern Western Ghats (in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing montane shola grasslands.
FIGURE 22 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 22. Images of Ahaetulla travancorica sp. nov. Images of BNHS 3592 (CESS075). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d) Whole specimen Live uncollected individual from Kalakkadu Mundunthurai, (e) Head Dorso-lateral, (f) Head lateral, (g) Threat display (Photos: Vivek Philip Cyrac) (Images a & b to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 25 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 25. Habitat of Ahaetulla perroteti, Mukurthi Hills, in the upper Nilgiris (in the Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing montane shola grasslands.
FIGURE 19 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 19. Images of Ahaetulla borealis sp. nov. Images of holotype BNHS 3590 (CESS421). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–e) Everted hemipenis, (f) Whole specimen. Live uncollected individual from Siddapur (Jog Falls), (g) Threat display of CESS104 from Matheran and (h) Head lateral of CESS103 from Matheran (Images a & b; d & e to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 21 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 21. Images of Ahaetulla dispar. Live uncollected individual from High Wavy Mts.(a) Head lateral, (b) Head Dorsolateral, (c) Full body image (live) from High Wavy, (d) Threat display of CESS188 from Anamudi Hills, (e) Habitat of A. dispar, Eravikulam.
FIGURE 20 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 20. Habitat of Ahaetulla borealis sp. nov. Khandala, Northern Western Ghats (in Pune district, Maharashtra State, India) showing moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forest vegetation type.
FIGURE 18 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 18. Habitat of Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. in Agumbe, Central Western Ghats (in Shimoga district, Karnataka State, India) showing tropical rainforest vegetation type.
FIGURE 15 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 15. Images of Ahaetulla malabarica sp. nov. Images of Holotype BNHS 3586 (CESS090). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–f) Everted Hemipenis. Whole specimen (CESS090). Head lateral images of different colour morphs (live), (g) CESS090 from Brahmagiri, (h) CESS144 from Siruvani, (i) CESS143 from Poochipara, (j) CESS090 from Brahmagiri. Image of a live, uncollected individual, (k) Whole animal from Brahmagiri Hills (Images a & b; d & e to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 17 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 17. Images of Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov.. Images of Holotype BNHS 3588 (CESS288). (a) Head lateral, (b) Head dorsal, (c) Ventral section, (d–f) Dissected hemipenis, (g) Whole specimen. Head lateral images of different individuals (live), (h) CESS158 from Kudremukh, (i) CESS157 from Kudremukh, (j) Body section showing interscalar colouration (CESS158), (k) Image of a live, uncollected individual from Agumbe (Photo: Shreeram M.V.) (Images a & b; d, e & f to scale, other images not to scale).
FIGURE 6 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 6. Ahaetulla lineages in Peninsular India and Sri Lanka showing side-by-side comparison of their superficial head morphology and maxillary dentition. (From the top) (a) Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. (b) A. isabellina comb. nov. (c) A. malabarica sp. nov. (d) A. borealis sp. nov. (e) A. nasuta (f) A. oxyrhyncha comb. nov. (g) A. sahyadrensis nom. nov. (h) A. travancorica sp. nov. (i) A. dispar & A. travancorica sp. nov. (j) A. perroteti (1) Ahaetulla farnsworthi sp. nov. (2) A. isabellina comb. nov. (3) A. malabarica sp. nov. (4) A. borealis sp. nov. (5) A. nasuta (6) A. oxyrhyncha comb. nov. (7) A. pulverulenta (8) A. sahyadrensis nom. nov. (9) A. dispar (10) A. travancorica sp. nov. (11) A. perroteti.
FIGURE 14 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 14. Habitat of Ahaetulla isabellina comb. nov., near Valparai, Anamalai Hills, Southern Western Ghats (Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu State, India) showing evergreen and semi-evergreen forest vegetation types.
FIGURE 10 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 10. Images of Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha comb. nov. Head lateral images of (a) CESS211, (b) CESS244, (d) CESS506, & (c) dorso-lateral of a live specimen (from the CESS244 population). Images of a live, uncollected individual from Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu (e) showing threat display, (f) Full animal, (g) Habitat (images not to scale).
FIGURE 3 in Disentangling vines: a study of morphological crypsis and genetic divergence in vine snakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Ahaetulla) with the description of five new species from Peninsular India
FIGURE 3. PCA plot shows quantitative morphological space shared by Western Ghats Ahaetulla spp.. In the figure, members of the Ahaetulla nasuta species complex with lineages L3—A. borealis sp. nov. (dark blue crosses), L4—A. farnsworthi sp. nov. (green filled squares), L5—A. isabellina comb. nov. (brown cross) and L6—A. malabarica sp. nov. (black squares) from the Western Ghats are clustered together and share morphological space. The PCA plots correspond to the scores and loadings presented in Appendix IV (D, E & F).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.