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10,735 results for “dependability”
Negative body size-dependent resource allocation underlies conspicuous sexual ornaments in a territorial damselfly
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sexual ornaments, signaling individual quality to choosing females or rival males, often show steeper body size scaling compared to non-sexually selected traits. Theory posits such steeper body size scaling is the result of differential resource allocation, reflecting trade-offs between different components of fitness. Yet the process of resource allocation towards body size-dependent sexual ornaments has been rarely understood empirically. Using the Neotropical territorial damselfly <i>Megaloprepus caerulatus</i>, whose males and females carry wax-based, sex-specific white wing bands and white wing tips respectively, we investigated nutrition sensitivity and body size scaling of both traits by manipulating larval food availability and directly quantified both the fat allocated to wing ornaments and the fat reserve from which allocations are made. Both color traits exhibited sensitivity to food availability during larval development and steeper body size scaling compared to control traits. Although the absolute amount of fat invested in developing the color ornaments increased with body size, the proportion of total fat allocated to the ornaments decreased with body size, making exaggerated ornaments less affordable for smaller individuals. Our data demonstrate that knowledge of affordability of exaggeration for resource-based sexual ornament, which requires measuring the resource pool from which ornaments are derived is essential for understanding the maintenance of honesty of sexual signals. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Association of CSF biomarkers with hippocampal-dependent memory in preclinical Alzheimer disease
<p><b>Objective: </b>To determine if memory tasks with demonstrated sensitivity to hippocampal function can detect variance related to preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, we examined associations between performance in three memory tasks and CSF Ab<sub>42</sub>/Ab<sub>40 </sub>and p-tau<sub>181</sub> in cognitively unimpaired older adults (CU).</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>CU enrolled in the Stanford Aging and Memory Study (N=153; age 68.78 ± 5.81 yrs; 94 female) completed a lumbar puncture and memory assessments. CSF Ab<sub>42</sub>,<sub> </sub>Ab<sub>40</sub>, and phosopho-tau<sub>181</sub> (p-tau<sub>181</sub>) were measured with the automated Lumipulse G system in a single-batch analysis. Episodic memory was assayed using a delayed recall composite, paired associate (word-picture) cued recall, and a mnemonic discrimination task that involves discrimination between studied 'target' objects, novel 'foil' objects, and perceptually similar 'lure' objects. Analyses examined cross-sectional relationships between memory performance, age, and CSF measures, controlling for sex and education.</p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Age and lower Ab<sub>42</sub>/Ab<sub>40 </sub>were independently associated with elevated p-tau<sub>181</sub>. Age, Ab<sub>42</sub>/Ab<sub>40,</sub> and p-tau<sub>181</sub> were each associated with a) poorer associative memory and b) diminished improvement in mnemonic discrimination performance across levels of decreased task difficulty (i.e., target-lure similarity). P-tau mediated the effect of Ab<sub>42</sub>/Ab<sub>40 </sub>on memory. Relationships between CSF proteins and delayed recall were similar but non-significant. CSF Ab<sub>42 </sub>was not significantly associated with p-tau<sub>181 </sub>or memory. </span></p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Tests designed to tax hippocampal function are sensitive to subtle individual differences in memory among CU, and correlate with early AD-associated biomarker changes in CSF. These tests may offer utility for identifying cognitively unimpaired older adults with preclinical AD pathology.<b> </b></p>
Baicalein Activates Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy through NDP52 and OPTN
<p>These supplemental videos are only for reviewing processing in the manuscript submitted to Cells</p>
Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
<p class="MsoNormal">Accurate abundance estimates can contribute to effective management of large carnivore populations. Lion, <em>Panthera leo</em>, and spotted hyena, <em>Crocuta crocuta</em>, populations are frequently estimated at night by eliciting their approach using broadcasted vocalizations. Spotlights are typically used to observe these species on approach but can disturb animals and adversely affect counts. We compared the efficacy of spotlight with red filters and forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal monocular to enumerate lions and spotted hyenas in Serengeti National Park (SNP; non-hunted area) and Maswa Game Reserve (MGR; hunted area), Tanzania, during 2015−2017. We established 119 call-in sites in SNP and 20 in MGR and conducted repeated call-ins at 1–2 week intervals. During call-ins we conducted systematic paired counts using both devices. We assessed the influence of device order, species, hunting regime, and land cover on species counts. We found that FLIR was more efficacious for counting hyenas in MGR and spotlight for counting lions in SNP. We found evidence for temporary artificial light disturbance in MGR, as counts were higher when FLIR was used as the second device. Habitat type within 200 m of call-in sites did not influence device performances. Greater spotlight efficacy in SNP is a likely consequence of lower perceived risk and less anthropogenic disturbance compared to MGR. To improve accuracy of counts and subsequent population estimates for lions and spotted hyenas, we recommend consideration of variation in device efficacy, based on species surveyed and management regime.</p>
Figure 7 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 7 2D poses of (A) Mesuol; (B) Isomesuol; (C) suksdorphin; (D) Calanolide; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 5rh4).
Figure 6 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 6 (A) surface map (B) 2D poses showing ligand interactions of Coumermycin docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 5rh4).
Figure 12 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 12 The time frame of evolution against the radius of gyration (Rg) of Coumermycin complexes with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, during 50 ns MD simulation.
Figure 11 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 11 The RMSF plot of Coumermycin complex with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, at 50 ns simulation.
Figure 5 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 5 2D poses of (A) Novobiocin; (C) Clorobiocin; (B) hydroxychloroquine; (D) N3; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Figure 9 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 9 (A) surface map (B) 2D poses showing ligand interactions of Coumermycin; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PDB: 7bv2).
Figure 4 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 4 (A) Structure of standard inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, N3, (B) 2D pose for the interaction of hydroxychloroquine into the active site of SARS-Cov-2 main protease enzyme.
Figure 8 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 8 (A) surface map (B) 2D poses showing ligand interactions of Coumermycin; docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PDB: 6wx4).
Figure 10 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 10 The RMSD plot of Coumermycin complex with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, at 50 ns simulation.
Figure 13 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 13 The time frame of evolution against SASA of Coumermycin complexes with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp, during 50 ns simulation.
Figure 14 from: Shoman ME, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khobrani M, Assiri AA, Al Thagfan SS, Othman EM, Ibrahim ARN (2022) Molecular docking and dynamic simulations study for repurposing of multitarget coumarins against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, papain-like protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Pharmacia 69(1): 211-226. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77021
Figure 14 Protein interaction analysis. The green colour = hydrogen bonding, pink color = ionic interaction, grey colour = hydrophobic interaction and blue colour = water bridges showed in Coumermycin complexes with SARS-CoV-2 (A) Mpro (B) PLpro (C) RdRp during 50 ns MD simulations.
Exposure to lysed bacteria can promote or inhibit growth of neighboring live bacteria depending on local abiotic conditions
Abstract Microbial death is extremely common in nature, yet the ecological role of dead bacteria is unclear. Dead cells are assumed to provide nutrients to surrounding microbes, but may also affect them in other ways. We found that adding lysate prepared from dead bacteria to cultures of Escherichia coli in nutrient-rich conditions suppressed their final population density. This is in stark contrast with the notion that the primary role of dead cells is nutritional, although we also observed this type of effect when we added dead bacteria to cultures that were not supplied with other nutrients. We only observed the growth-suppressive effect of our dead-bacteria treatment after they had undergone significant lysis, suggesting a key role for cellular contents released during lysis. Transcriptomic analysis indicated changes in gene expression in response to dead cells in growing populations, particularly in genes involved in motility. This was supported by experiments with genetic knockouts and copy-number manipulation. Because lysis is commonplace in natural and clinical settings, the growth-suppressive effect of dead cells we describe here may be a widespread and previously unrecognized constraint on bacterial population growth.
Camera trap data: Density dependence of daily activity in three ungulate species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Daily activity in herbivores reflects a balance between finding food and safety. The safety-in-numbers theory predicts that living in higher population densities increases safety, which should affect this balance. High-density populations are thus expected to show a more even distribution of activity – i.e. spread – and higher activity levels across the day. We tested these predictions for three ungulate species; red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>), roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) and wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>). We used camera traps to measure the level and spread of activity across ten forest sites at the Veluwe, the Netherlands, that widely range in ungulate density. Food availability and hunting levels were included as covariates. Daily activity was more evenly distributed when population density was higher for all three species. Both deer species showed relatively more feeding activity in broad daylight and wild boar during dusk. Activity level increased with population density only for wild boar. Food availability and hunting showed no correlation with activity patterns. These findings indicate that ungulate activity is to some degree density dependent. However, while these patterns might result from larger populations feeling safer as the safety-in-numbers theory states, we cannot rule out that they are the outcome of greater intraspecific competition for food, forcing animals to forage during suboptimal times of the day. Overall, this study demonstrates that wild ungulates adjust their activity spread and level based on their population size.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
10k NPM packages with their versions, and the timestamp and dependencies per version
<p>10000 NPM packages with their versions, and the timestamp and dependencies per version, in the following format:</p> <p> </p> <pre><code class="language-json">{ "name": "react", "versions": { "1.00": { "timestamp": "06-05-2022T10:00:01", "dependencies": { "name": "^1.0.2" } } } }</code></pre> <p> </p>
Supplimentary information for Efficient Time-Dependent Orbital-Free DFT: Semilocal adiabatic response
<p>Structure files</p>
Plant-derived catechols are substrates of TonB-dependent transporters and sensitize Pseudomonas aeruginosa to siderophore-drug conjugates
<p>The dataset contains raw data used to generate the figures of the associated mansucript</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.