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Figure 33 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 33. Paratricommatus lockei sp. nov., male paratype, MNRJ 7583, from Guapi-Açu. Male genitalia. A, distal part of penis, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, same, lateral view. D, lamina parva, lateral view; E, same, ventral view; F, lamina parva and glans, dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: Fl, flabellum; Fo, follis ('glans'); LP, lamina parva; Ma, malleus; St, stylus; T, truncus. Scale bars = 50 μm (A–C), 10 μm (D, E), 20 μm (F).

Figure 21 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 21. Zalanodius convexus (Mello-Leitão, 1940). Male neotype (MNRJ 4878). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, same, lateral view; C, sternal region, coxae, stigmatic area, and sternites, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figure 18 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 18. Paratricommatus lockei sp. nov., male paratype, MNRJ 7583, from Guapi-Açu. A, habitus, left lateral view; B, same, dorsal view; C, detail of border of dorsal scutum and right coxa IV, dorsal view; D, carapace and ocularium, frontal view; E, ozopore region, left lateral view. Scale bars = 500 μm (A, B), 200 μm (D), 100 μm (C), 50 μm (E).

Figure 8 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 8. Cladogram depicting proposed phylogenetic relationships for Tricommatinae and Cryptogeobiidae inside Gonyleptoidea (part 3 of 4). The small 'Navajo rugs' at selected branches indicate which of the four analyses supports a given clade. A key to the analyses is given in the set of four squares at the bottom, abbreviated as: 1, implied weights, concavity 1; 3, same, concavity 3; 6, same, concavity 6; E, strict consensus of the analysis under equal weights. Numerals at branches represent absolute Bremer support/standard bootstrap resampling percentage values.

Figure 25 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 25. Cryptogeobiidae. Males, habitus, dorsal view. A, Gen. sp. Q (MNRJ 7585); B, Pseudopachylus eximius (HS- MNRJ 907); C, Gen. sp. AB (MZSP 14779); D, Gen. sp. Y (ZMUC AK 042a). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 32 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 32. Cryptogeobiidae, details of the ventral surface of the lamina parva, showing the configurations of the rectangle of macrosetae. A, Gen. sp. AD (MNRJ 5592). B, Taquara bicoloripes (MNRJ 2218). C, Gen. sp. P (MNRJ 16192). D, Gen. sp. AA (MZSP 18090). Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A, B, C, D).

Figure 24 in Why does the Tricommatinae position bounce so much within Laniatores? A cladistic analysis, with description of a new family of Gonyleptoidea (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Figure 24. Zalanodius convexus (Mello-Leitão, 1940). Male neotype (MNRJ 4878). Distal part of penis. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view. Abbreviations: Fl, flabellum; Fo, follis ('glans'); LP, lamina parva; Ma, malleus; St, stylus; T, truncus. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 calibrated, by reference to known stratigraphical ranges of individual taxa plotted, against the geological timescale. Approximate age ranges of known taxa are indicated by black rectangles, and where there are implied stratigraphical ranges these are indicated by connecting tramlines. In instances where implied divergence events have occurred and generated substantial ghost-ranges, these are indicated by cross-hatching.

Figure 50. A tree based upon the analysis that generated Figure 48 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 50. A tree based upon the analysis that generated Figure 48, with particular nodes and stems named (see text for discussion/explanation). Abbreviations: CI, consistency index; RC, rescaled consistency index; RI, retention index.

Figure 48 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 48. Topology of a tree generated using the taxon-character matrix scored as in Appendix 2. This tree represents a strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees created when the matrix was analysed with character scoring unordered and without weighting. The only ambiguity concerns the internal relationships between the taxa within the subclade referred to in Figures 49–50 as 'iguanodontoids'. Statistical support: consistency index: 0.578; retention index: 0.782; rescaled consistency index: 0.452. Tree length: 313 (minimum possible: 181, maximum possible: 786).

Figure 49 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 49. The tree used for Sereno's (1998, 2005) stabilized ornithopod clade nomenclature. Is this a stable tree? Specific points of contention include the status of: Hypsilophodontidae (status disputed, widely regarded as paraphyletic – Butler et al., 2008), Iguanodontia (constituent taxa and topographical position of Tenontosaurus disputed – here), Camptosauridae (status and constituent taxa uncertain – McDonald, 2011), Probactrosaurus (topographical position disputed – Norman, 2002, 2004; Wang et al., 2010; Wu & Godefroit, 2012), Iguanodontidae (family status disputed and inconsistent constituent taxa – here, Norman, 2004; Wu & Godefroit, 2012), Hadrosauriformes (constituent taxa disputed – here, Norman, 2004; McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010a), Hadrosauroidea (topographical position of Ouranosaurus disputed – Norman, 2004; McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010a; Wang et al., 2010; Wu & Godefroit, 2012).

Figure 46 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 46. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Ilium (right, nearly complete). A, lateral; B, ventral view of postacetabular process; C, dorsal; D, medial. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bl, abnormally truncated preacetabular process; brf, brevis fossa; fdm, flattened, narrow dorsal margin of the iliac blade; ip, ischiadic peduncle; lr, lateral ridge; mr, medial ridge; m.sc, blister-like strip of rugose tissue running parallel to the dorsal margin of the ilium; pp, pubic peduncle; prp, preacetabular process; th, dorsoventral thickening of the blister-like muscle scar. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 51. A in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 51. A tree 'adjusted' (using the MacClade 4 tree window editor) by the addition of three operational taxonomic units (Batyrosaurus, Hypselospinus, and Ouranosaurus) that lie immediately basal to the 'iguanodontoid' subclade into the stem of that subclade (compare with Fig. 49). Tree length: 316 (consistency index: 0.57; retention index: 0.78).

Figure 44 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 44. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Dentary (left, partial). A, medial (lingual); B, lateral (labial); C, dorsal. Abbreviations: am, alveolar margin; alv, alveolar trough; dias, margin forming a diastema; ds, dentary symphysis; mgr, Meckelian groove; sa.s, surangular suture; sl, posterior 'slot-and-lip' portion of the dentary symphysis; vc, vascular channel. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 43 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 43. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1835). Sternal apparatus. A, external (ventral); B, internal (dorsal). Abbreviations: apr, apron area of sternal blade; con, condylar area for attachment of dorsal rib cartilage; co.s, coracoid suture; 'h', sternal handles; iso, intersternal ossification; k, midline keeled structure traversed by strands of bony tissue; lf, lateral fingers of ossified tissue; st, sternal bone. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 45 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 45. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Vertebrae. A−C, representative dorsal centra. D, NHMUK R1635 (holotype) caudal vertebra. E, NHMUK R1834. Caudal vertebral centrum. Abbreviations: cf, chevron facet; cr, caudal rib (base of). Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 42 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 42. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1833). Pubis (right) in lateral view. Abbreviations: ac, acetabular surface; ap, anterior ramus of the pubis; il.p, iliac peduncle; p.pu, posterior ramus of the pubis. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 22 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 22. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604. Fourth dorsal. A, lateral; B, ventral; C, anterior. Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; k, midline keel; par, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; rs, rugose surface for ligamentous attachment of the neck of the rib. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 25 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 25. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604a. Dorsal ribs. A, right anterior; B, right middle; C, right middleposterior; D, right posterior. Abbreviations: ar, anterior curved ridge (for intercostal ligaments/muscles); cap, capitulum (rib head); n, neck of the rib; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 21 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 21. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604. Third dorsal. A, A1, lateral (A is a reversed image of the right side); B, ventral; C, anterior. Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; k, midline keel; ncs, neurocentral suture; ns, neural spine; par, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; rs, rugose surface for ligamentous attachment of the neck of the rib. Scale bar = 10 cm.