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16,646 results for “four”
Signal and background samples for Higgs boson decays to four b-jets
<p>Data samples used in the paper <em>Illuminating all-hadronic final states with a photon: Exotic decays of the Higgs boson to four bottom quarks in vector boson fusion plus gamma at hadron colliders.</em> Included are analysis ntuples for the produced background samples and 4 signal samples: VBF with and without a photon for H-->aa-->4b for m_a = 50 GeV and m_a = 25 GeV.</p> <p>Analysis ntuples include only events with 6 total jets (4b final state) or 5 total jets (3b final state). Variables included are 4-vectors for the 2 jets with the highest invariant mass (VBF jets), weighting variables used in the analysis and described in the paper, leading photon 4-vector, and final state (4b/3b) invariant masses and jet separation variables used in analysis and further described in the paper.</p> <p>Samples are simulated using MadGraph5 version 2.7.3, Pythia8, and Delphes. Further details about sample simulation can be found in the paper.</p>
The data of 960 stomata from four Magnoliaceae species
<p>This dataset provides the boundary coordinate data of 960 stomata and the fitted results (including the estimated values of model parameters and the goodness of fit) using the superellipse and Gielis equations from the four Magnoliaceae species with 240 stomata for each species.</p>
Data for: Using distribution models to identify range shifts of four Acroneuria Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) species in the Midwest USA
<p><span></span></p> <p>Regional faunal assessments of stoneflies in the United States Midwest (herein defined as Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) indicate increasing imperilment resulting from human disturbance and climate change. Large-bodied Perlid stoneflies with multivoltine life cycles are among the most at risk for regional extirpation, with losses reported in several midwestern states. Species distribution modeling was undertaken to describe distribution shifts for four widespread riverine species: <em>Acroneuria</em> <em>abnormis</em> (Newman, 1838), <em>A. frisoni </em>Stark & Brown, 1991, <em>A. internata </em>(Walker, 1852) and <em>A. lycorias</em> (Newman, 1839). The distribution modeling algorithm MaxEnt was selected to predict both the historical (i.e., pre-1960) and contemporaneous distributions for each species using separate occurrence datasets. These models permit the identification of suitable habitat loss through range contractions associated with human disturbance. Predictions of suitable habitat losses were recorded for multiple species but were greatest for<em> A. abnormis</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>internata</em>. These models serve to guide future collection efforts and to further describe patterns of regional biodiversity loss. The data presented within this dataset contain the occurrence data used for modeling with distinction between temporal periods modeled.</p>
Figure 26 in The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Figure 26. Photo of live specimen of Mensamaria intercedens (Lampert, 1885) (WAM Z89067).
Figure 22 in The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Figure 22. Photo of live specimen of Stolus canescens (Semper, 1867) (WAM Z89056).
Figure 21 in The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Figure 21. Photo of live specimen of Hemithyone semperi (Bell, 1884) (WAM Z89055).
The significance of parental mentalizing for four-year-old children's solitary pretend play
<p>De-identified data set necessary to replicate the findings reported in our study "The significance of parental mentalizing for four-year-old children’s solitary pretend play".</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Background.</strong> Pretend play is a signature behavior of early childhood and is considered to reflect the child’s emerging symbolic function, enabling the interpretation of social signals, language development, and emotion understanding. While theory links parental mentalizing with children’s pretend play, only a few studies have investigated this association. These studies are limited to infancy and toddlerhood, and child pretend play is assessed during play with an adult (social play). Based on the assumption that child solitary pretend play reflects the child’s ‘baseline’ pretend play ability, in this study, we investigate children’s pretend play at its peak, i.e., during the preschool age without the facilitation of another player. The overall objective was to investigate if parental mentalizing increases pretend play complexity in children.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> The sample consisted 99 Danish mothers and their 4-year-old children. Employing a cross-sectional design, we hypothesized that parental mentalizing during interaction with the child ('online' mentalizing) is a mechanism through which parental reflective functioning ('offline' mentalizing) is associated with child solitary pretend play. Child pretend play complexity was observed and coded with an adapted version of the 12-Step Play Scale. Maternal offline mentalizing was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and maternal online mentalizing was assessed by coding the mothers’ use of mental state language during interaction with the child using the Mind-mindedness approach.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> While there was no direct effect of maternal offline mentalizing on child pretend play, online mentalizing mediated the link between offline mentalizing and child pretend play.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> These results provide support for the theoretically assumed link between parental mentalizing and children’s capacity for pretend play. Furthermore, our study contributes to the literature on parental mentalization, suggesting that parental mentalizing facilitates child development only if the parent can translate this ability into 'mentalizing in action'.</p>
Microsatellite genotypes for adult and seedlings of the temperate seagrass (ribbon weed), Posidonia australis, from four meadows at Rottnest Island, Western Australia
<p>Adult shoots and seedings of the ribbon weed (<em>Posidonia australis</em> Hook.f.), a widespread temperate seagrass, were sampled from four meadows around Rottnest Island, Western Australia. The data set contains multilocus genotypes for adult shoots from four meadows and seedlings from three meadows over two consecutive years. The metadata file contains: Pop number (1 – 10), Sample site, Latitude (S), Longitude (E), individual sample code, year of sampling, life stage (adult shoot or seedling), genotypes (2 columns per locus). The seven polymorphic microsatellite loci are: <em>Pa</em>A1, <em>Pa</em>A105, <em>Pa</em>A120, <em>Pa</em>B6, <em>Pa</em>B8, <em>Pa</em>B112, <em>Pa</em>D113. Most genotypes are diploid, however, 3N genotypes are included.</p>
Performance and preference of four above- and below-ground invertebrate and generalist herbivores on regionally and locally rare plant species
<ol> <li>Rare plant species are suggested to be less resistant to herbivores than common species. Their lower apparency and the fact that they often live in isolated populations, resulting in fewer herbivore encounters, might have led to the evolution of reduced defences. Moreover, their frequently lower levels of genetic diversity compared with common species could negatively affect their resistance against enemies. However, the hypothesis that plant resistance depends on plant regional and local rarity, independently of habitat and competitive and growth strategy, lacks evidence.</li> <li>To test this hypothesis, we assessed the performance and preference of one belowground and three aboveground generalist invertebrate herbivores from different taxonomic groups as indicators of plant resistance. Herbivores were fed a total of 62 regionally and locally rare and common plant species from Switzerland. We accounted for differences in a plant's growth and competitive strategy and habitat resource availability.</li> <li>We found that regionally and locally rare and common plant species did not generally differ in their resistance to most generalist herbivores. However, one herbivore species even performed better and preferred locally and regionally common plant species over rarer ones, indicating that common species are not more resistant, but tend to be less resistant. We also found that all herbivore species consistently performed better on competitive and large plant species, although different herbivore species generally preferred and performed better on different plant species. The latter indicates that the use of generalist herbivores as indicators of plant-resistance levels can be misleading.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: Our results show that rare plant species are not inherently less resistant than common ones to herbivores. Instead, our results suggest that the ability of plants to allocate resources away from defence towards enhancing their competitive ability might have allowed plants to tolerate herbivory, and to become locally and regionally common.</li> </ol>
FIGURE 38 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 38 Abdomen of male. Dorsal view, A) Merodon avidus, B) Merodon moenium. Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURE 39 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 39 Abdomen of male. Lateral view, A) Merodon avidus, B) Merodon moenium. Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURE 21 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 21 Abdomen of Merodon longisetus sp. n. Dorsal View, A) male, B) female. Scale: 1 Mm.
FIGURE 17 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 17 Species richness map of Merodon avidus species group.
FIGURE 1 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 1 Geographic distribution of newly described species.
FIGURE 16 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 16 Species richness map of Merodon nigritarsis species group.
FIGURE 28 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species
FIGURE 28 Head of male Merodon cohurnus sp. n. A) lateral view, B) dorsal view. Scale: 1 mm.
Fig. 1 in NEW RECORDS FOR THE CICADA FAUNA FROM FOUR CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES (HEMIPTERA: CICADOIDEA: CICADIDAE)
Fig. 1. Summary listing of first species records for the Central American countries of this study.
Datasets for "The direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors on global terrestrial gross primary productivity over the past four decades"
<p>The environmental changes can affect gross primary productivity (GPP) by altering not only the biogeochemical characteristics of the photosynthesis system (direct effects) but also the structure of the vegetation canopy (indirect effects). However, comprehensively quantifying the multi-pathway effects of environmental change on GPP is currently challenging. We proposed a framework to analyse the changes in global GPP by combining a nested machine-learning model and a theoretical photosynthesis model. We quantified direct and indirect effects of changes in key environmental factors (atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture) on global GPP from 1982 to 2020. The three datasets(RF_LAI, RF_GPP, and RF_GPPlai) are derived from LAI random forest model, GPP random forest model and hierarchical nested model respectively.</p>
Four-horses Carriage-lowpoly
* Four horses Carriage lowpoly modelling with Blender. * Clear base mesh. * Hope you like it. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Proactive cursorial and ambush predation risk avoidance in four African herbivore species
<p>Most herbivores must balance demands to meet nutritional requirements, maintain stable thermoregulation and avoid predation. Species-specific predator and prey characteristics determine the ability of prey to avoid predation and the ability of predators to maximise hunting success. Using GPS collar data from African wild dogs, lions, impala, tsessebe, wildebeest and zebra in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, we studied proactive predation risk avoidance by herbivores. We considered predator activity level in relation to prey movement, predator and prey habitat selection, and preferential use of areas by prey. We compared herbivore behaviour to lion and wild dog activity patterns and determined the effect of seasonal resource availability and prey body mass on anti-predator behaviour. Herbivore movement patterns were more strongly correlated to lion than wild dog activity. Habitat selection by predators was not activity level-dependent and, while prey and predators differed to some extent in their habitat selection, there were also overlaps, probably caused by predators seeking habitats with high prey abundance. Areas favoured by lions were used by herbivores more when lions were less active, whereas wild dog activity level was not correlated with prey use. Prey body mass was not a strong predictor of the strength of proactive predation avoidance behaviour. Herbivores showed stronger anti-predator behaviours during the rainy season when resources were abundant. Reducing movement when top predators are most active and avoiding areas with a high likelihood of predator use during the same periods appear to be common strategies to minimize predation risk. Such valuable insights into predator-prey dynamics are only possible when using similar data from multiple sympatric species of predator and prey, an approach that should become more prevalent given the ongoing integration of technological methods into ecological studies.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.