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Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Oleg Polunin, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q266663">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q266663</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Leonard Howard John Williams, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21612729">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21612729</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

opencc-zeroNov 2024View details →

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Günther Niethammer, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q113836">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q113836</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Francis David Morice, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5480693">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5480693</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Harold St. John, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2840308">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2840308</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Sergey Paramonov, <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4417009">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4417009</a>. Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia, <a href="https://bionomia.net">https://bionomia.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

Fig. 9 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 9. Shelly residue from the Caspian Sea floor on the North-Middle Caspian Basin transition offshore Kazakhstan (44°43.4 N, 50°13.2 E; water depth 8 m). The soft bottom fauna is dominated by Holocene invasives such as (1) Abra segmentum, (2) Cerastoderma spec. Asensu Wesselingh et al. (2019), and (3) Mytilaster minimus. Pontocaspian endemics occur in this sample: (4) Monodacna albida s.l., (5) Didacna spp., (6) Dreissena caspia and (7) Turricaspia meneghiniana, yet these all are discolored and presumably pre-20th century).

Fig. 4 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 4. Cardiidae. (1) Adacna laeviuscula; (a) RGM.1309812 LV; (b) RGM.1309813 RV. (2) Adacna minima; (A) RGM.1309811 LV; (b) RGM.1309810 RV. (3) Monodacna semipellucida, RGM.1309802 RV; (4) Monodacna caspia s.l. (a) RGM.1309803 LV; (b) RGM.1309804 RV. (5) Hypanis plicata; (a) RGM.1309808 LV (b) RGM.1309809 RV. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 3 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 3. Rarefaction curve of Selitrennoye diversity with 95% confidence interval and extrapolated richness. The triangle indicates the observed richness.

Fig. 1 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 1. Caspian Sea today (left panel) and during the Late Pleistocene Hyrcanian regional stage (right panel) (modified after Neubauer et al., 2018). The study site of Selitrennoye is indicated with a red star. Hyrcanian lake level was modeled in ESRI ArcGIS 10.4 based on Krijgsman et al. (2019), who suggested an absolute lake level of 30 m above sea level. (i.e., 57 m higher than today) at that time following Popov (1983). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 6. Shape variation in Didacna subcatillus RGM.1310272. (1) Variability of dentition in LV: (a) thick hinge, to (d) thin hinge. (2) Variability of dentition in RV: (a) thick hinge, to (d) thin hinge. (3) Shape variability of LV (a) oval (b) oval/triangular, (c) triangular. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 8. Dreissenidae. (1–3) Dreissena caspia Eichwald, 1855: (1a) RGM.1310289 short type, LV; (1b) RGM.1310288 short type, RV; (2a) RGM.1310286 medium/curved type, LV; (2b) RGM.1310287 medium/curved type, RV; (3a) RGM.1310285 elongated type, LV; (3b) RGM.1310284 elongated type, RV. (4–5) Dreissena elata Andrusov, 1897: (4a) RGM.1310283 elongated type, LV; (4b) RGM.1310282 elongated type, RV; (5a) RGM.1310279 short type, LV; (5b) RGM.1310278 short type, RV). (6–7) Dreissena grimmi Andrusov, 1890: (6a) RGM.1310276 straight type, LV; (6b) RGM.1310275 straight type, RV; (7a) RGM.1310274 curved type, LV; (7b) RGM.1310273 curved type, RV. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 2. Location and section of the Selitrennoye outcrop next to Akhtuba river. Updated from Neubauer et al. (2018) to show new allocation of stratigraphic units.

Fig. 5 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 5. Overview of the Cardiidae. (1) Didacna subcrassa; (a) RGM-1309816 LV; (b) RGM-1309815 RV. (2) Didacna subpyramidata; (a) RGM-1309797 LV; (b) RGM-1309814 RV. (3) Didacna subcatillus; (a) RMG-1309819 LV; (b) RMG-1309820 RV. (4) Didacna emendata; (a) RGM-1309799 LV; (b) RGM-1309798 RV. (5) Didacna ebersini; A (a) RGM1309817 LV; (b) RGM-1309818 RV. (6) Didacna cristata; (a) RGM.1309800 LV; (b) RGM.1309801 RV. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 7 in The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas

Fig. 7. Plasticity (shape variability) of (1) Monodacna caspia RGM.1309807. (a) umbo in the middle, more square (b) umbo not in middle, more round (c) umbo in the middle, oval (d) umbo not in middle, more oval shape. (2) Dreissena elata. (a) RGM.1310278 short, curved (b) RGM.1310280 medium, curved (c) RGM.1310280 long, curved (d) RGM.1310280 medium, straight (e) RGM.1310282 long, straight. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIG. 10 in Pigs and ritual-hunting among the highland Tau-Buhid in Mounts Iglit-Baco natural park, Philippines

FIG. 10. — Men from middle and highland regions waiting for the rain to pour down. The man on the left (wearing a shirt) may witness the process but cannot join directly in the activity because he is from the middle region (near Mount Iglit). As of this writing, only secluded highland communities may join in burning the sagrado (sacred place). Photo credits: C. A. Rosales.

FIG. 2 in Pigs and ritual-hunting among the highland Tau-Buhid in Mounts Iglit-Baco natural park, Philippines

FIG. 2. — Black swine believed to have turned feral near Mount Iglit (Buksol Mangibok for the Tau-Buhid). Photo credits: C. A. Rosales.

FIG. 8 in Pigs and ritual-hunting among the highland Tau-Buhid in Mounts Iglit-Baco natural park, Philippines

FIG. 8. — Author (upper left) in conversation with fufuama (grandfather, elder) Butodaol (wearing G-string,his back to the camera) through an interpreter (wearing colored shorts, middle), a few days before the safong (circular burning). The boy (lower left) is Butodaol's attendant, while the man on the upper right is a park ranger and one of the author's casual informants. Butodaol fears that the State might totally prohibit their hunting activities because of stricter law enforcement in the protected area. He could not imagine that younger generations might be forced to abandon the highlands to the lowlands, as is gradually happening now in fear of being apprehended by the law. Photo credits: C. A. Rosales.

FIG. 4 in Pigs and ritual-hunting among the highland Tau-Buhid in Mounts Iglit-Baco natural park, Philippines

FIG. 4. — Moon phases, sunrise, animal-forming spirits transformation, and casting of spells. Credits: C. A. Rosales.

FIG. 5 in Pigs and ritual-hunting among the highland Tau-Buhid in Mounts Iglit-Baco natural park, Philippines

FIG. 5. — Customary marker indicating distance and number of balatik (speartrapping) near the trail. Each arrow represents a spear-trap and its distance from the trail. When the arrow points a little upward, it means the trap is far from the trail. Photo credits: C. A. Rosales.