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13,017 results for “Positionning”
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism
Figure 1. Webs of Zygiellinae, other sector-web taxa, and Caerostris: A, Zygiella x-notata, Slovenia; B, Deliochus sp., Brisbane, Australia; C, Phonognatha graeffei, Australia; D, undetermined araneid from Halmahera, Indonesia; E, Araneus mitificus, Singapore; F, Dolicognatha sp., Yunnan, China; G, Acusilas coccineus, Gombok, Malaysia; H, Milonia sp., Yunnan, China; I, Guizygiella sp., Yunnan, China; J, Caerostris darwini webs bridging river in Ranomafana, Madagascar; K, C. darwini web over small stream in Andasibe-Mantadia, Madagascar.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism
Figure 3. Evolution of behavioural traits in Orbiculariae plotted on the preferred topology (see Fig. 2). Above, evolution of the sector web and silk tube retreat; below, evolution of radius building, hub building, and attack behaviour.
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic position of the takin (Budorcas taxicolor) and the yak (Bos grunniens) within the family Bovidae
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships by Bayes inference (A) and the maximum likelihood methods (B). A. Topology derived from Bayesian analysis of 12 concatenated mitochondrial PCGs (nucleic acid data) from 11 mitochondrial genomes, which was built using the GTR+I+Γmodel of evolutionary change. Nodal support indicated by Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPB). B. Topology derived from ML analysis of 12 concatenated mitochondrial PCGs (nucleic acid data) from 11 mitochondrial genomes, which was built using the GTR+I+Γmodel of evolutionary change. Nodal support indicated by Bootstrap value (BP). (−lnL=46600.3281; Rates=gamma; Shape=2.5676; Pinvar=0.5688).
Figs. 34–36 in Taxonomic Position of a Taiwanese Ceutorhynchine, Mecysmoderes consularis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with Description of an Allied New Species from Lanhsu Island
Figs. 34–36. Habitat and host plant of Xenysmoderes consularis. 34) Habitat in Yuanshan, Ilan Hsien, North Taiwan; 35) inflorescence of Alpinia sp.; 36) a bract of Alpinia sp. and adults
Figs. 15–16 in Taxonomic Position of a Taiwanese Ceutorhynchine, Mecysmoderes consularis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with Description of an Allied New Species from Lanhsu Island
Figs. 15–16. Tibiae and femora of fore, mid, and hind legs (from top to bottom) of Xenysmoderes spp, ventral view. 15) Xenysmoderes consularis; 16) Xenysmoderes ruficollis. Scale
Positive genetic covariance and limited thermal tolerance constrain tropical insect responses to global warming
<p>Tropical ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to global warming because their physiologies are assumed to be adapted to narrow temperature ranges. This study explores three mechanisms potentially constraining thermal adaptation to global warming in tropical insects: 1. tradeoffs in genotypic performance at different temperatures (the jack-of-all-trades hypothesis) 2. positive genetic covariance in performance, with some genotypes performing better than others at viable temperatures (the 'winner and 'loser genotypes hypothesis) or 3. limited genetic variation as the potential result of relaxed selection and the loss of genes associated with responses to extreme temperatures (the gene decay hypothesis). We estimated changes in growth and survival rates at multiple temperatures for three tropical rain forest insect herbivores (<i>Cephaloleia</i> rolled-leaf beetles, Chrysomelidae). We reared 2746 individuals in a full-sibling experimental design, at temperatures known to be experienced by this genus of beetles in nature (<i>i.e.</i>, 10-35°C). Significant genetic covariance was positive for 16 traits, supporting the 'winner and 'loser genotypes hypothesis. Only two traits displayed negative cross-temperature performance correlations. We detected a substantial contribution of genetic variance in traits associated with size and mass (0-44%), but low heritability in plastic traits such as development time (0-6%) or survival (0-4%). Lowland insect populations will most likely decline if current temperatures increase beyond 2°C. It is concerning that local adaption is already lagging behind current temperatures. The consequences of maintaining the current global warming trajectory would be devastating for tropical insects. However, if humans can limit or slow warming, many tropical ectotherms might persist in their current locations, and potentially adapt to warmer temperatures.</p>
Figure 3 in The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawless Apodibius confusus Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)
Figure 3. Buccopharyngeal apparatus of Apodibius confusus: A, analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); B, reproduced from SEM image and labelled.
Figure 2 in The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawless Apodibius confusus Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)
Figure 2. Mouth opening with mucrones (analysed using scanning electron microscopy): A, Apodibius confusus (photo by H. Dastych and R. Walter, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg); B, Isohypsibius dastychi. Arrows point to the first ring of mucrones; arrowheads point to the second ring of mucrones.
Figure 1. Light microscopy z in The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawless Apodibius confusus Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)
Figure 1. Light microscopy z–stack images (1000X, oil immersion) of the feeding apparatuses of Apodibius confusus in (A) ventral view and (B) lateral view, and Isohypsibius dastychi in (C) ventral view and (D) lateral view. White arrows point to ventral lamina, black arrows to lateral rod-shaped thickenings, and stars mark peribuccal papulae. Scale bars: 20 µm.
Figure 4 in The feeding apparatus and taxonomic position of clawless Apodibius confusus Dastych, 1983 (Tardigrada: Isohypsibiidae)
Figure 4. Details of the feeding apparatus of Apodibius confusus analysed using scanning electron microscopy: A, anterior part of the buccal tube (ventral view), with ventral lamina (arrow) and lateral rod-shaped thickenings (arrowhead); B, posterior part of the stylet (lateral–ventral view), with condyles (arrowhead) and arcuate structures (arrow); C, posterior part of buccal tube and stylets (ventral view), with condyles (arrowhead) and arcuate structures (arrow); D, pharynx (ventral view), with pharyngeal apophyses (arrow) and macroplacoids (arrowheads).
Figure 5 in The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Figure 5. ML phylogram inferred from the sequences of 18S and 28S rDNAs. Numbers at branch nodes are bootstrap values.
Figure 4 in The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Figure 4. Bayesian phylogram inferred from the sequences of 18S and 28S rDNAs. Numbers at branch nodes are posterior probability values.
Figure 1 in The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Figure 1. Secondary structure model of 18S rRNA of a pentatomoid Lestonia haustorifera (Lestoniidae) (GenBank accession number: KT188471). LVRs are indicated in red. The unique sequence length of some LVRs of various pentatomoid families is shown by blue arrows. Base pairing is indicated as follows: standard canonical pairs by lines (C-G, G-C, A-U, U-A); wobble GU pairs by dots (e.g. G. U); AG and AC pairs by open circles (e.g. A ○ G, A ○ C); other noncanonical pairs by filled circles (e.g. U ● U). AL, Acanthosomatidae + Lestoniidae; Tha, Thaumastellidae.
Figure 2. Simplified maximum clade credibility chronogram obtained from BEAST with 95 in Phylogenetic position of the endemic Mount Oku rat, Lamottemys okuensis (Rodentia: Muridae), based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 2. Simplified maximum clade credibility chronogram obtained from BEAST with 95% highest posterior density intervals.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic position of the endemic Mount Oku rat, Lamottemys okuensis (Rodentia: Muridae), based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 3. Morphological strict consensus cladogram inferred from PAUP. Decay index values are indicated for each node.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic position of the endemic Mount Oku rat, Lamottemys okuensis (Rodentia: Muridae), based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 1. Molecular phylogenetic tree inferred using Bayesian inference for the concatenated data set [cytochrome b: 1140 bp, IRBP (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein): 1202 bp, GHR (growth hormone receptor): 922 bp]. The average Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) of two runs, and bootstrap values (>50%, right) calculated for 1000 bootstrap replicates are indicated for each node.
Figure 26 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)
Figure 26. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604. Anterior caudals (range: 1–4). A, A1−A4, lateral, anterior, posteri- or, ventral, and dorsal views, respectively. B, B1, B2, lateral, anterior, and posterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: cf, chevron facet; cr, caudal rib; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; sul, sulcus. Hatching indicates broken bone. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 33 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)
Figure 33. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R33. A, dorsal vertebra (middle – reversed image) in lateral view, showing the base of a narrow, oblique neural spine. B, caudal vertebra (anterior-middle) with partial narrow neural spine. Abbreviations: asr, anterior slot-and-ridge margin to the neural spine; cf, chevron facet; cr, caudal rib (broken base); dia, diapophysis; ns, neural spine; par, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 38 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)
Figure 38. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1832). Radius, ulna, pollex, and partial carpus (right) in lateral view. Abbreviations: II−IV, articular facets for metacarpals II−IV; abs, abscess-like depression; c.gr, ungual claw groove; ls, lateral shelf; MCB, carpometacarpal block; mf, medial flange; ol, olecranon process; PO, pollex; RA, radius; rf, facet for attachment of radius; uf, facet for attachment of the ulna; UL, ulna. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 37 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)
Figure 37. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831. Teeth. A, dentary tooth in lingual view (isolated specimen on stub of matrix); B, maxillary tooth in labial view. C−E, dentary replacement crowns embedded in the alveolar bone of the dentary. Abbreviations: m, mammillae on the marginal denticles; p, primary ridge; r, minor ridges; st, strand-like ridges.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.