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TROPICS03 L2B Neural-network Atmospheric Vertical Temperature & Moisture Profiles V1.0
The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload.Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles.This dataset is the Level-2B Neural Network Atmospheric Vertical Profiles (NNAVP) – Neural Network vertical profile retrieval approach for temperature profiles in Kelvin (K) and water vapor mixing ratio profiles in (kg/kg). Retrievals are done in all non and precipitating conditions, over both land and ocean. Temperature profiles go from surface to 20 km and water profiles from surface to 10-km. The geophysical retrieval of atmospheric vertical temperature is at the larger unified F-band spatial resolution while the retrieval of vertical moisture is at the finer G-band spatial resolution. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.
BOREAS RSS-17 Dielectric Constant Profile Measurements
The BOREAS RSS-17 team acquired and analyzed imaging radar data from the ESA's ERS-1 over a complete annual cycle at the BOREAS sites in Canada in 1994 to detect shifts in radar backscatter related to varying environmental conditions. This data set consists of dielectric constant profile measurements from selected trees at various BOREAS flux tower sites. The relative dielectric constant was measured at C-band (frequency = 5 GHz) as a function of depth into the trunk of three trees at each site. Measurements were made during April 1994 with an Applied Microwave Corporation field PDP fitted with a 0.358-cm (0.141-inch) diameter coaxial probe tip.
GPM ATMS on NOAA-21 (GPROF) Climate-based Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 month 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3GPROFNOAA21ATMS_CLIM) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions are no longer available and have been superseded by Version 07. The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals.3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.
GPM PR and TMI on TRMM Combined Convective-Stratiform Latent Heating Profiles L2 1.5 hours 5 km V07 (GPM_2HCSH_TRMM) at GES DISC
This is a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. The equivalent old TRMM legacy product is TRMM_2H31.Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07.Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall.The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The CSH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles.Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the CSH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm.
LRIR/Nimbus-6 Level 2 Inverted Profiles of Temperature and Ozone V001 (LRIRN6L2IPAT) at GES DISC
LRIRN6L2IPAT is the Nimbus-6 Limb Radiance Inversion Radiometer (LRIR) Level 2 Inverted Profiles of Temperature and Ozone data product. The product contains daily profiles of temperature and ozone concentration profiles that were inverted from radiances measured in four spectral regions: two in the 15 micron carbon dioxide band; one in the 9.7 micron ozone band; and one located in the rotational water vapor band (23 to 27 microns). The calibrated radiances are also included in this product. There are a maximum of 13 orbits per day each with up to 115 profiles per orbit.LRIR is a limb profiler with spatial coverage from latitude -64 to +84 degrees. Vertical profiles are provided at 17 standard pressure levels (from 100 to 0.1 mbar, i.e., from 15 to 64 km) with about 1.5 km vertical resolution. The instrument operated successfully and data are available from 20 June 1975 to 6 January 1976. After this, the detector temperature began to rise rapidly, and the instrument was turned off. The principal investigator for the LRIR experiment was Dr. John Gille from NCAR.This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00037 (old ID 75-052A-04A).
GPM PR on TRMM Spectral Latent Heating Profiles L2 1.5 hours 5 km V07 (GPM_2HSLH_TRMM) at GES DISC
This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products.Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07.Estimating vertical profiles of latent heating released by precipitating cloud systems is one of the key objectives of TRMM, together with accurately measuring the horizontal distribution of tropical rainfall.The method uses TRMM PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The SLH algorithm is severely limited by the inherent sensitivity of the TRMM PR. For latent heating, the quantity required is actually cloud top, but the PR can detect only precipitation-sized particles.Because observed information on precipitation depth is used in addition to precipitation type and intensity, differences between shallow and deep convection are more distinct in the SLH algorithm in comparison with the CSH algorithm.
GPM SSM/I on F08 (GPROF) Climate-based Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L2 1.5 hours 12 km V07 (GPM_2AGPROFF08SSMI_CLIM) at GES DISC
Version 7 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by the current version.The 'CLIM' products differ from their 'regular' counterparts (without the 'CLIM' in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the 'CLIM' output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals.The 2AGPROF (Goddard Profiling) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors:+ TMI (TRMM)+ GMI, (GPM)+ SSMI (DMSP F11, F13, F14, F15); SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18, F19)+ AMSR2 (GCOM-W1)+ MHS (NOAA 18,19) + MHS (METOP A,B)+ ATMS (NPP)+ SAPHIR (MT1)This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are nearrealtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided.The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an apriori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty.
SBUV2/NOAA-17 Ozone (O3) Nadir Profile and Total Column 1 Day L2 V1 (SBUV2N17L2) at GES DISC
The Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) from NOAA-17 Level-2 daily product (SBUV2N17L2) contains ozone nadir profile and total column data from retrievals generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. The v8.6 SBUV algorithm estimates the ozone nadir profile and total column from SBUV measurements using 1) the Brion-Daumont-Malicet ozone cross sections, 2) an OMI-derived cloud-height climatology, 3) a revised a priori ozone climatology, and 4) inter-instrument calibration based on comparisons with no local time difference.The SBUV2N17L2 product is written as daily files using the HDF5 format, with file sizes ranging from about 1 to 5 Mbytes. Data are available from July 2002 through April 2013. The SBUV2N17L2 data product was used as input in creating the SBUV2N17L3zm monthly zonal mean data product.
GPM DPR Ka Precipitation Profile 2A 1.5 hours 5 km V07 (GPM_2AKa) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. The 2AKa algorithm provides precipitation estimates from the Ka radar of the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar on the core GPM spacecraft. The product contains two swaths of data corresponding to the scans of the Ka radar. The first swath contains matched scans (MS), which are intended to be co-aligned with the Ku-band instantaneous fields of view (IFOV). The second swath contains the high-sensitivity scans (HS), which are interleaved between the Ku/Ka-MS swaths. Both swaths are narrow and centered within the interior of the Ku swath. This is a single-frequency retrieval of precipitation; no information from the Ku radar is used. The retrievals are performed at each radar range bin along the slant path of the radar IFOV for each swath. This is a single-frequency retrieval that relies on Ka-band data only. While the dual-frequency retrieval should give better overall estimates, that algorithm requires co-aligned Ku-band data. This 2AKa product will be produced independently and would not be impacted by any operational issues with the Ku-band radar. The high sensitivity to smaller hydrometeors should result in precipitation estimates in lighter precipitation then the Ku-only data. It is important to note the difference between the single- and the dual-frequency (DF) algorithms. While this 2AKa dataset is a single-frequency retrieval, the DF algorithm employs both KuPR and KaPR L1B standard products as inputs. The DF algorithm cannot be executed unless both L1B products are available. Pixels observed by DPR can be categorized into three types: pixels in the inner swath of normal scans (observed both by KuPR and KaPR), pixels in the outer swath of normal scans (observed only by KuPR), and pixels in the interleaved scans (observed only by KaPR in the high-sensitivity mode). The KuPR algorithm is executed for pixels in both inner and outer swaths of normal scans. The KaPR algorithm is executed for pixels in the inner swath of normal scans and in the interleaved scans. The DF algorithm is executed for pixels of all the three kinds.
SBUV/Nimbus-7 Ozone (O3) Nadir Profile and Total Column 1 Day L2 V1 (SBUVN07L2) at GES DISC
The Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) from Nimbus-7 Level-2 daily product (SBUVN07L2) contains ozone nadir profile and total column data from retrievals generated from the v8.6 SBUV algorithm. The v8.6 SBUV algorithm estimates the ozone nadir profile and total column from SBUV measurements using 1) the Brion-Daumont-Malicet ozone cross sections, 2) an OMI-derived cloud-height climatology, 3) a revised a priori ozone climatology, and 4) inter-instrument calibration based on comparisons with no local time difference.The SBUVN07L2 product is written as daily files using the HDF5 format, with file sizes ranging from about 1 to 5 Mbytes. Data are available from November 1978 through May 1990. The SBUVN07L2 data product was used as input in creating the SBUVN07L3zm monthly zonal mean data product.
GPM MHS on METOP-B (GPROF) Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 day 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3GPROFMETOPBMHS_DAY) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. 3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.
Gene expression profiles of irradiated lung tissue in three mouse strains
The aim of our research is to clarify the mechanisms generating heterogeneity in response to C-ion irradiation that arise from individual genetic variations in humans. In this study we performed whole lung C-ion irradiation using three different strains of mice to examine whether strain-dependent differences in radiation effects occur in high-LET C-ion thoracic irradiation. Murine strain-variance was evaluated by histopathological examination of intra-alveolar hemorrhage that is likely to occur during the early phase after irradiation and of lung fibrosis during the late phase occurring more than three months after irradiation. We also performed microarray analysis to identify the key genes that are differentially regulated in different mouse strains after C-ion irradiation and to determine the mechanism of strain-dependent pulmonary damage after high-LET C-ion irradiation. Eight-week old female inbred C3H/He Slc C57BL/6J Jms Slc and A/J Jms Slc mice (3 kinds of mice) were used. The whole thorax of three mice was locally irradiated at 10 Gy with C-ion beams with a reference beam 137Cs gamma-rays (2 kinds of beam). Three mice of each strain (3 mice) were sacrificed and immediately dissected for lung extraction at 6 h (6h sample). Lungs for three mice of each strain without irradiation were extracted at the same time as control samples (control sample). Hybridization to microarrays (Whole Mouse Genome 4x44K OligoMicroarray Kit single color Cyamine 3-CTP) consisting of 44,000 total spots was conducted using an Agilent Gene Expression hybridization kit. The arrays from three independent replicates for each sample (3 arrays) were scanned on an Agilent dual-laser Microarray Scanner (all from Agilent Technologies) following the manufacturer s instructions. A total of 108 samples were analyzed. 3 replicate arrays x 3 mice x 3 strains x 2 timing for sampling x 2 kinds of beam.
TCSP ER-2 MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER (MTP) V1
The TCSP ER-2 Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP) dataset was collected by the ER-2 Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), which is a passive microwave radiometer which measures the thermal emission from oxygen molecules in the atmosphere for a selection of elevation angles (normally 10 between +60 and -58 degrees). The current observing frequencies are 55.5, 56.6 and 58.8 GHz. Measured 'brightness temperature' versus elevation angle is converted to air temperature versus altitude using a modified statistical retrieval procedure with a Bayesian component. An altitude temperature profile (ATP) is produced in this manner every 13 seconds or approximately 3 km along the flight path. The ATP can be used to produce a color-coded temperature curtain (CTC) of the temperature field which the ER2 has flown through, and to identify the tropopause location. ATPs can also be used to locate altitudes where the air is cold enough to condense nitric acid or water vapor to form polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The TCSP mission collected data for research and documentation of cyclogenesis, the interaction of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and air pressure that creates ideal birthing conditions for tropical storms, hurricanes and related phenomena. The goal of this mission was to help us better understand how hurricanes and other tropical storms are formed and intensify.
OMG Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) Profiles
This dataset contains in situ measurements from Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) casts and tows. It provides salinity, density, temperature and sound velocity of the water column. The CTDs were deployed from a ship either as single profile casts or towed yo-yo behind the ship to measure the physical properties of the water. This provided measurements of the ocean's physical characteristics around Greenland. The CTDs are part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers.
BOREAS TF-04 CO2 and CH4 Soil Profile Data from the SSA
The BOREAS TF-04 team measured distributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations for the upper 5 meters of soil and unsaturated zone at the mature stand, upper 6 m at the 20-year old stand, and the upper 1m at the 8-year old stand and clear cut area at the Southern Study Area of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) during August 1993 to March 1995. Particle size and carbon content of the unsaturated deposits, precipitation, soil temperature and moisture, carbon and oxygen isotopes of soil CO2 and soil water chemistry are also presented.
GPM AMSU-B on NOAA17 (GPROF) Climate-based Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L2 1.5 hours 16 km V07 (GPM_2AGPROFNOAA17AMSUB) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07.The 'CLIM' products differ from their 'regular' counterparts (without the 'CLIM' in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the 'CLIM' output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals.The 2AGPROF (Goddard Profiling) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors:+ TMI (TRMM)+ GMI, (GPM)+ SSMI (DMSP F11, F13, F14, F15); SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18, F19)+ AMSR2 (GCOM-W1)+ MHS (NOAA 18,19)+ MHS (METOP A,B)+ ATMS (NPP)+ SAPHIR (MT1)This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are nearrealtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided.The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an apriori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty
Transcription profiling of Arabidopsis seedings exposed to UV-B irradiation
Interaction of COP1 and UVR8 which regulate UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
LBA-ECO CD-10 CO2 Profiles at km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest
Eddy fluxes of CO2 and H2O are measured at two levels (58m and 47m) using tower-mounted closed-path Licor 6262 analyzers and Campbell CSAT3 sonic anemometers. A third Licor gas analyzer measures (a) the CO2/H2O concentration profile (1 of 8 levels every 2 minutes) and (b) the instantaneous integrated canopy storage of CO2/H2O, using a design pulling air simultaneously through 8 inlets (once every 20 minutes). Comprehensive meteorological data (air temperature, PAR, net radiation, etc) are also included. Pressure and temperature of the Licor cells are controlled to 500 torr and 48 degrees C. Eddy licors are automatically zeroed every 2 hours and the profile licor every 20 minutes. All Licors are automatically calibrated with span gases (at 325, 400, and 475 ppm) every 6 hours.
GPM MHS on NOAA18 (GPROF) Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 month 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3GPROFNOAA18MHS_CLIM) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions are no longer available and have been superseded by Version 07. The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals.3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.
GPM SSMIS on F16 (GPROF) Climate-based Radiometer Precipitation Profiling L3 1 month 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3GPROFF16SSMIS_CLIM) at GES DISC
Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07. The "CLIM" products differ from their "regular" counterparts (without the "CLIM" in the name) by the ancillary data they use. They are Climate-Reference products, which requires homogeneous ancillary data over the climate time series. Hence, the ECMWF-Interim (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 2-3 months lag behind the regular production) reanalysis is used as ancillary data to derive surface and atmospheric conditions required by the GPROF algorithm for the "CLIM" output. The GPROF databases are also adjusted accordingly for these climate-referenced retrievals.3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.