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FIGURES 46–59 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 46–59. Adults of Thyrocopa. 46. T. subahenea, Molokai, forewing = 11 mm; 47. T. usitata, Oahu, forewing = 10 mm; 48. T. vagans, Kauai, forewing = 8 mm; 49. T. viduella (holotype), Kauai, forewing = 17 mm; 50. T. sp. A, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 51. T. sp. B, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 52. T. sp. C, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 53. T. sp. D, Molokai, forewing = 10 mm; 54. T. sp. E, Molokai, forewing = 14 mm; 55. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, male, wings (slide 05A45wings, BPBM); 56. T. kea, Kauai, female, head; 57. T. kea, Kauai, male, aedeagus (slide LA59 UHIM); 58. T. abusa, Maui, detail showing antennal flagellomere with cilia only on ventral side; 59. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, detail showing antennal flagellomere with cilia surrounding.
FIGURES 75–89 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 75–89. Male genitalia of Thyrocopa; for all figures, lower left box shows detail of uncus, lower right box shows detail of sacculus. 75. T. elikapekae, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA60 UHIM); 76. T. epicapna, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA81 BPBM); 77. T. geminipuncta, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07A44 BPBM); 78. T. gigas, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA33 UHIM); 79. T. indecora, Maui, male genitalia (slide 06B14 BPBM); 80. T. indecora, Oahu, male genitalia (slide LA18 BPBM); 81. T. kanaloa, Kahoolawe, male genitalia (08A54 BPBM); 82. T. kea, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA59 UHIM); 83. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, male genitalia (slide 05A45 BPBM); 84. T. kokeensis, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 21909 BMNH); 85. T. megas, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA73 UHIM); 86. T. neckerensis, Necker, male genitalia (slide LA10 BPBM); 87. T. nihoa, Nihoa, male genitalia (slide LA13 BPBM); 88. T. peleana, Oahu, male genitalia (slide #151 BPBM); 89. T. seminatella, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 07A90 BPBM).
FIGURES 16–30 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 16–30. Adults of Thyrocopa. 16. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 17. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 11 mm; 18. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 19. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 20. T. cinerella, Kauai, forewing = 19 mm; 21. T. decipiens, Hawaii Island, forewing = 18 mm; 22. T. elikapekae, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 23. T. epicapna, Hawaii Island, forewing = 10 mm; 24. T. geminipuncta, Maui, forewing = 9 mm; 25. T. gigas, Kauai, forewing = 23 mm; 26. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 12 mm; 27. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, forewing = 9 mm; 28. T. indecora, Oahu Island, forewing = 11 mm; 29. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 14 mm; 30. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 12 mm.
FIGURES 31–45 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 31–45. Adults of Thyrocopa. 31. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, forewing = 12 mm; 32. T. kanaloa (holotype), Kahoolawe, forewing = 7 mm; 33. T. kea, Kauai, forewing = 15 mm; 34. T. kea, Kauai, forewing = 20 mm; 35. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, forewing = 10 mm; 36. T. kokeensis (holotype), Kauai, forewing = 8 mm; 37. T. leonina (holotype), Lanai, forewing = 9 mm; 38. T. megas, Maui, forewing = 18 mm; 39. T. minor, Molokai, forewing = 9 mm; 40. T. neckerensis (holotype), Necker, forewing = 7 mm; 41. T. nihoa, Nihoa, forewing = 7 mm; 42. T. peleana (holotype), Oahu, forewing = 18 mm; 43. T. sapindiella (holotype), Oahu, forewing = 10 mm; 44. T. seminatella, Kauai, forewing = 11 mm; 45. T. spilobathra, Oahu, forewing = 8 mm.
FIGURES 1–15 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 1–15. Adults of Thyrocopa. 1. T. abusa (holotype of T. immutata), Kauai, forewing = 11 mm; 2. T. abusa, Oahu, forewing = 11 mm; 3. T. abusa, Oahu, forewing = 9 mm; 4. T. abusa, Maui, forewing = 13 mm; 5. T. abusa, Maui, forewing = 12 mm; 6. T. abusa, Maui, forewing = 13 mm; 7. T. acetosa (holotype), Kauai, forewing = 10 mm; 8. T. albonubila, Kauai, forewing = 11 mm; 9. T. alterna, Maui, forewing = 11 mm; 10. T. alterna (holotype of T. adumbrata), Hawaii Island, forewing = 11 mm; 11. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, forewing = 15 mm; 12. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, forewing = 13 mm; 13. T. apatela (macropterous morph), Maui, forewing = 9 mm; 14. T. apatela (brachypterous morph), Maui, forewing = 8 mm; 15. T. apikia (holotype), Molokai, forewing = 14 mm.
FIGURES 60–74 in A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)
FIGURES 60–74. Antenna and male genitalia of Thyrocopa; lower left box with detail of uncus, lower right box with detail of sacculus. 60. T. decipiens, Molokai, male, antenna; 61. T. vagans, Kauai, male, antenna; 62. T. kea, Kauai, male, abdomen showing transverse bands of spines (slide LA59 UHIM); 63. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, male, detail showing very shallowly cleft uncus (slide 07B25 BPBM); 64. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, male, detail showing sacculus with scooped-out appearance (slide 07B25 BPBM); 65. T. abusa, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 31580 BMNH); 66. T. albonubila, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 07A85 BPBM); 67. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, male genitalia (slide Jon#2 BPBM); 68. T. apatela (intermediate winged specimen), Maui, male genitalia (slide 05A97 HALE); 69. T. apatela (brachypterous morph), Maui, male genitalia (slide 19860 BMNH); 70. T. apatela (macropterous morph), Maui, male genitalia (slide 21906 BMNH); 71. T. apikia, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA26 UHIM); 72. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 05A75 BPBM); 73. T. cinerella, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 08A24 BPBM); 74. T. decipiens, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA25 UHIM).
FIGURE 2 in A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants
FIGURE 2. Species group coverage for breeding host data by island. White portions indicate the proportion of species with at least one rearing record, gray the proportion with no records. Numbers under the pies are the number of species for that group present on the island. Numbers under each island do not add up to the "all islands" total due to the existence of multi-island species. Note that proportion of species with records refers to the number of species inhabiting the island that have data from anywhere; thus a species inhabiting both Maui and Moloka'i will be counted as having rearing data under both columns even if data only come from Maui. Data for Lâna'i is not shown because it had so few rearing records (23 records for 17 species), and is poorly collected in general. All figures are for described species only.
FIGURE 1 in A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants
FIGURE 1. The phylogeny, age of diversification, and species diversity in the major lineages of Hawaiian Drosophilidae (O'Grady and DeSalle, in press). Vertical lines on triangles proportional to species diversity; branch lengths proportional to time. The AMC clade is composed of three commonly recognized species groups, antopocerus, modified tarsus, and ciliated tarsus; the latter two are probably not monophyletic. The virilis-repleta and melanica-robusta groups are continental Drosophila (numbers of species not shown) used as outgroups in this analysis. The phylogeny is based on analysis of nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (~10kb per taxon). The GTR+I+G model (Modeltest; Posada and Crandall, 1998) was used to perform Bayesian analyses in MrBayes (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck, 2001). Two runs, each with four chains, were performed simultaneously and sampled every 100 generations for a total of 2500000 generations. Divergence time estimates were generated using ages from Price and Clague (2002) and a penalized likelihood algorithm in r8s (Sanderson 2003).
FIGURE 4 in A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants
FIGURE 4. Distribution of monophagous species on host substrates for major clades and species groups of Drosophila, and subgenera of Scaptomyza. Columns (left to right) are bark/stem/rachis (bk), leaf (lf), fruit (fr), flower (fl), sap flux (sf), fungus (fg), spider eggs (sp), and oligophagous (oli).
FIGURE 3 in A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants
FIGURE 3. Distribution of monophagous species on important plant families in major clades and species groups of Drosophila, and subgenera of Scaptomyza. Columns represent (left to right) Agavaceae (Ag), Amaranthaceae (Am), Aquifoliaceae (Aq), Araliaceae (Ar), Campanulaceae (Ca), Fabaceae (Fa), Nyctaginaceae (Ny), Pandanaceae (Pa), Sapindaceae (Sa), Urticaceae (Ur), other host families (oth), and oligophagous (oli).
FIGURE 11 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 11. Paratype (USN 0257) adult female of Cyrtodactylus huynhi sp. nov. in life. This specimen exhibits a particularly bold dorsal pattern.
FIGURE 6 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 6. Habitat of Cyrtodactylus takouensis sp. nov. in Ta Kou Nature Reserve, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam during the rainy season.
FIGURE 2 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Cloacal and ventral surface of hindlimbs of holotype (USN 0209) of Cyrtodactylus takouensis sp. nov. showing the disposition of the enlarged precloacal and femoral scales and precloacal and femoral pores. Small arrows indicate precloacal pore-bearing scales. Large arrows indicate the proximal and distal ends of the enlarged femoral scale series. The distalmost enlarged femoral scale bears a single pore. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Adult male holotype (USN 0209) of Cyrtodactylus takouensis sp. nov. from Ta Kou Nature Reserve, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Scale bar = 20 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 12. Habitat of Cyrtodactylus huynhi sp. nov. on Chua Chan Mountain, Dong Nai province, southeastern Vietnam.
FIGURE 7 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 7. Map of southern Vietnam illustrating the type localities of Cyrtodactylus takouensis (circle) and C. huynhi (star). Base map from Central Intelligence Agency.
FIGURE 9 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 9. Cloacal and ventral surface of hindlimbs of holotype (USN 0256) of Cyrtodactylus huynhi sp. nov. showing the disposition of the enlarged precloacal and femoral scales and precloacal and femoral pores. Larger arrows indicate the extent of the enlarged femoral scale series (pores are minute and not clearly visible). Smaller arrows indicate lateralmost pore-bearing precloacal scales. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 8. Adult male holoptype (USN 0256) of Cyrtodactylus huynhi sp. nov. from Chua Chan Mountain, Dong Nai province, southeastern Vietnam. Scale bar = 20 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam
FIGURE 5. Dorsal pattern variation among members of the type series of Cyrtodactylus takouensis sp. nov. From left to right: USN 0211, 0213, 0212, 0210, 0209 (holotype), 0214. Note the asymmetrical patterns of USN 0211 (far left) and 0212 (third from left).
FIGURE 7 in Rediscovery of Mus nitidulus Blyth (Rodentia: Muridae), an endemic murine rodent of the central basin of Myanmar
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of upper (top row) and lower (bottom row) molar rows of three species of mice. Taxon and specimens details: M.n. = Mus nitidulus (CM30496); M.c. = M. cervicolor subsp. (CM30655; Vientiane, Laos); M.f. = M. fragilicauda (CM30219; Lamam, Laos). The close similarity in molar morphology between M. nitidulus and M. fragilicauda is clearly illustrated. Other abbreviations: M3 = upper third molar; m3 = lower third molar; pc = posterior cingulum; t1-t6 = cusps t1, t3 etc. The central row of cusps on M1 are cusps t2, t5 and t8. The molar rows of each species are arbitrarily rescaled to approximately the same total lengths.
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