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Figure 7 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 7. Parvidrilus tomasini sp. nov. A, reconstruction of genitalia. B, setae. C–G, genital region. Abbreviations: a1-a2, atria; cl, clitellum; cr, crotchet; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, funnel; g, gut; gm, granular material; h, hair; mo, morula; n, needle; nc, nerve cord; o, ovary; sa, spermathecal ampulla; sd, spermathecal duct; sp, spermatozoa; t, testis; vd, vas deferens; X–XIV, segments. Scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 6 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 6. Parvidrilus stochi sp. nov. A, reconstruction of genitalia. B, setae. C–F, genital region. Abbreviations: a1-a2, atria; cl, clitellar cell; cr, crotchet; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; g, gut; h, hair; ma, muscular arch; mo, morula; mp, male pore; n, needle; o, ovary; p, porophore; sa, spermathecal ampulla; sd, spermathecal duct; XI–XIV, segments. Scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 5 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 5. Parvidrilus gianii sp. nov. A, reconstruction of genitalia. B, setae. C–F, genital region. Abbreviations: a1-a2, atria; c, cuticle; cr, crotchet; f, sperm funnel; g, gut; h, hair; ma, muscular arch; mo, morula; mp, male pore; n, needle; nc, nerve cord; o, ovary; od, oviduct; p, porophore; sa, spermathecal ampulla; sd, spermathecal duct; vd, vas deferens; III–XIII, segments. Scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 1 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 1. Parvidrilus meyssonnieri sp. nov. A, left lateral view of genitalia in segments X-XII (holotype). B, ventral view of genitalia in segments XI-XIII (paratype MHNL 3.2). C, hand drawings of the unpaired spherical ampulla and associated cell cluster (from living animal). Abbreviations: a, atrium; am, spherical ampulla; c, clitellum; ccl, cell cluster; ds, dorsal seta; gs, genital seta; mo, morula; mp, male pore; nc, nerve cord; ov, oocyte; sg, setal gland; sp, spermatozoa; st, septum; t, testis (or germ cells); vs, ventral seta. Scale bars = 50 Mm.

Figure 4 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 4. Parvidrilus camachoi sp. nov. A, main components of the genitalia (schematic view). B–C, sections in anterior body region. D–J, sections in genital region. Abbreviations: a, atrium; b, brain; cl, clitellum; cr, crotchet; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; g, gut; gm, granular material; gp, glandular pouch; mo, morula; mp, male pore; mt, mouth; nc, nerve cord; ne, neuropile; o, ovary; oe, oesophagus; p, porophore; pg, pharyngeal gland; sa, spermathecal ampulla; sd, spermathecal duct; sp, spermatozoa; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; vd, vas deferens; VI–XIII, segments. Scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 3 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 3. Parvidrilus jugeti sp. nov. Right lateral view of genitalia in segments XI-XIII (holotype). Abbreviations: a, atrium; ds, dorsal seta; mp, male pore; nc, nerve cord; omo, ovarian morula; ov, oocyte; sp, spermatozoa; t, testis; vs, ventral seta. Scale bar = 50 Mm.

Figure 2 in The Parvidrilidae - a diversified groundwater family: description of six new species from southern Europe, and clues for its phylogenetic position within Clitellata (Annelida)

Figure 2. Parvidrilus meyssonnieri sp. nov.; scanning electron micrographs. A, left lateral view of anterior part of body showing dorsal and ventral setal bundles, and the absence of setae in II. B, ventral and dorsal setae. C, left lateral view of genital region showing a genital seta and its associated gland (damaged), the single male pore, and the opening of the spherical ampulla. D, left lateral view of genital region showing the left voluminous setal gland, the median ventral depression behind the porophore (not visible on the picture), and the left genital seta in XII (gs). Specimens from 'Navogne' (A–C) and 'La Martinière' (D) sites. Abbreviations: amo, spherical ampulla opening; ds, dorsal setae; gs, genital seta; mp, male pore; sg, setal gland; vdp, ventral depression; vs, ventral setae. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B–D = 20 Mm.

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Figs. 1–6. Cephalolycus major, lectotype. 1 in Redescription ofCephalolycus majorPic, 1926 (Coleoptera: Elateroidea: Lycidae) and a Discussion on Its Taxonomic Position

Figs. 1–6. Cephalolycus major, lectotype. 1) Habitus, dorsal view; 2) Head, ventral view; 3) Meso- and metaventrites; 4) Basal antennal segments; 5) Pronotum; 6) Male genitalia, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

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Figs. 7–8. Cephalolycus major, lectotype. 7 in Redescription ofCephalolycus majorPic, 1926 (Coleoptera: Elateroidea: Lycidae) and a Discussion on Its Taxonomic Position

Figs. 7–8. Cephalolycus major, lectotype. 7) Locality and collection labels. 8) Label on type, in Maurice Pic's handwriting.

Figure 23 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 23. Reconstruction of the skull of Dinilysia patagonica, based on all specimens examined. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view.

Figure 22 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 22. Lower jaw morphology of Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Right mandible and quadrate bone in lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), and medial (D) views. Abbreviations: a, angular; c, coronoid; cb, compound bone; d, dentary; q, quadrate; sp, splenial.

Figure 19 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 19. Anatomy of the inner ear of Dinilysia patagonica. A, B, three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of specimen MACN-RN 1014 based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography data, slices 307 (A) and 378 (B); C, reconstruction of the inner ear of Dinilysia patagonica. Abbreviations: ama, anterior ampulla; aml, lateral ampulla; amp, posterior ampulla; amr, apertura medialis recessus scalae tympani; cco, cochlear cavity; ccom, crus communis; csa, anterior semicircular canal; csl, lateral semicircular canal; csp, posterior semicircular canal; fend, foramen endolymphaticum; fov, fenestra ovalis; plyf, perilymphatic foramen; V, vestibular cavity; ve, vestibular cavity.

Figure 18 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 18. Braincase of Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1014). A, right lateral view; B, posterior view; C, left lateral view. Three-dimensional cutaway view along the frontal axis, based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography data (slice 502), showing the otic region and elements of the crista circumfenestralis preserved in the right side and eroded in the left side of the specimen. Dashed lines indicate damaged zones, and black arrows indicate eroded regions of the crista prootica. Not to scale. Abbreviations: alr, apertura lateralis recessus scalae tympani; apr, accessory process; bo, basioccipital; cin, crista interfenestralis; cpr, crista prootica; ctu, crista tuberalis; ot, otooccipital; rsc, recessus scalae tympani; rst, recessus scalae tympani; s, stapes.

Figure 14. A in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 14. A, three-dimensional cutaway views along the frontal axis of Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013) based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) data (horizontal cutaway slice 181). B, three-dimensional cutaway view along the frontal axis of Xenopeltis unicolor based on HRXCT data (The Deep Scaly Project, 2007: slice 89). C, Nerodia sipedon, dorsal view of the brain (bones were removed; from Wells et al., 1971). Abbreviations: cco, cochlear cavity; mes, mesencephalon; orb, orbit; p, parietal; pi, medial parietal pillar that separates both telencephalon and mesencephalon; pot, prootic; tel, telencephalon.

Figure 21 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 21. Stapes morphology of Dinilysia patagonica. Left (A) and right (B) stapes of MACN-RN 1014; C, reconstruction of the left stapes Dinilysia patagonica. D, left stapes of Xenopeltis unicolor (MACN 7568). E, left stapes of Boa constrictor (MACN 39025). Abbreviations: cso, concave contact surface with the otooccipital bone; io, intermediate ossification; ss, stapedial shaft.

Figure 11 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 11. Dorsolateral view of the orbital region of A, Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013) and B, Tupinambis merianae. Abbreviations: fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; p, parietal; pfr, prefrontal; po, postorbital; pofr, postfrontal.

Figure 13 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 13. Endocranial anatomy of Dinilysia patagonica. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the braincase of the specimen MACN-RN 1014 based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) data in posterior (A) and right lateral (B) views; C, three-dimensional cutaway view along the transverse axis of the specimen MACN-RN 1014 based on HRXCT data (sagittal cutaway slice 490). D, Tropidophis haetianus (The Deep Scaly Project, 2008) three-dimensional cutaway view along the transverse axis based on HRXCT data (sagittal cutaway slice 185). Abbreviations: aa, atlantal arch; alr, aperture lateralis recessus scalae tympani; amr, aperture medialis recessus scalae tympani; bo, basioccipital; crs, crista sellaris; faca, anterior acoustic foramen; facp, posterior acoustic foramen; fend, foramen endolymphaticum; fgi, foramen glossopharyngei internum; fj (X-XI) + XII, common foramen for jugular foramen + hypoglossal foramina; ot, otooccipital; p, parietal; pa-bs, parabasisphenoid; pi, medial parietal pillar that separates the telencephalon and mesencephalon; plyf, perilymphatic foramen; pot, prootic; s, stapes; so, supraoccipital; st, supratemporal; stu, sella turcica; tel, position of the telencephalon; V, trigeminal foramen; VI, foramen for abducens nerve; VII, foramen for facial nerve; X, foramen for vagus nerve; XII, hypoglossal foramina.

Figure 9 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 9. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Right maxilla in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; left maxilla in medial view (C); transverse sections of the right maxilla (D).

Figure 16 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 16. Restoration of the basicranial circulation of Dinilysia patagonica, based mainly on three-dimensional views obtained from high resolution X-ray computed tomography data (specimens MACN-RN 1013 and 1014). Abbreviations: ccer, cerebral carotid foramen; paov, primary anterior opening of the Vidian canal; pbp, basipterygoid process; pov, posterior opening of the Vidian canal; saov, secondary anterior opening of the Vidian canal; VI, abducens nerve foramina.

Figure 7 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 7. Palatomaxillary region of Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013) in medial (A) and anteroventral (B) views showing the contact between the palatine, maxilla, nasal, prefrontal, and frontal bones; right orbital region in posterolateral view (C) showing the contact between the prefrontal, frontal, palatine, maxilla, postfrontal, and postorbital bones; three-dimensional cutaway views along the transverse axis based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography data, slices 134 (D) and 140 (E). Abbreviations: ec, ectopterygoid; fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; po, postorbital; pofr, postfrontal; prf, prefrontal.