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Fig. 4 in Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India

Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India

Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm.

Fig. 3 in Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India

Fig. 3. Willowsia sikkimensis sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3287/H14). A. Hind foot complex. B. Chaetotaxy of Abd. I–III (right side). C. Chaetotaxy of Abd IV (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Mucro. Scale bars: A, D = 100 μm; B = 200 μm; C, E = 50 μm; F = 25 μm.

Fig. 2 in Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India

Fig. 2. Willowsia sikkimensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3388/H14). A. Body scale type. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head. C. Labrum. D. Labial triangle (right side). E. Lateral process of labial papilla E (right side). F. Chaetotaxy of Th. II−III. G. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A, D = 20 μm; C, E, G = 50 μm; B = 100 μm; F = 200 μm.

Fig. 1 in Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India

Fig. 1. Willowsia sikkimensis sp. nov., habitus. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3287/H14). B–C. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3388/H14.). Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm.

Fig. 5 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 5. Larvae, egg sacs, and habitat at the type locality of Hynobius geiyoensis sp. nov. (A, C, and E, respectively) and H. sumidai sp. nov. (B, D, and F, respectively).

Fig. 1 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 1. Sampling map of the three Hynobius species used in this study. The enlarged area includes the central to the western part of Hiroshima Prefecture and the northernmost part of Ehime Prefecture. Closed symbols correspond to each of the three species sequenced in the current study. Open symbols correspond to each of the three species sequenced by other studies. The underlined localities show the sampling points of individuals for morphological comparisons: Pops. 1 (18 males) and 2 (1 male) for H. geiyoensis sp. nov.; Pop. 8 (7 males) for H. sumidai sp. nov.; Pops. 14 (3 males), 15 (7 males), 20 (6 males), 29 (3 males), 30 (1 male), 34 (6 males), 39 (1 male), 54 (1 male) for H. akiensis.

Fig. 4 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 4. Holotype of Hynobius geiyoensis sp. nov. (HMNH-AM-101, adult male, 58.4 mm SVL) from the (A) dorsal and (B) ventral perspective; holotype of H. sumidai sp. nov. (HMNH-AM-102, adult male, 48.2 mm SVL) from the (C) dorsal and (D) ventral perspective; and a specimen from the type locality (topotype) of H. akiensis (KPM-NFA 946, adult male, 55.3 mm) from the (E) dorsal and (F) ventral perspective.

Fig. 3 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 3. Two-dimensional plots of canonical discriminant analysis in males. The x and y axes show discriminant score 1 (DS1) and discriminant score 2 (DS2), respectively. The contribution ratios of DS1 and DS2 were 88.03 % and 11.97 %, respectively.

Fig. 2 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree produced by Bayesian inference using 630-bp cytochrome b genes. Salamandrella keyserlingii was used as an outgroup. Scale bar shows genetic distance (expected changes per site). Numbers located near the nodes are posterior probabilities (PP) for Bayesian inference and bootstrap (BS) values for maximum likelihood estimation. Values appearing in parentheses after the haplotype names correspond to population localities as indicated in Table 1 and Fig. 1. Asterisks after the parentheses (Pops. 1, 8, and 54) indicate the type locality of the three species. The labels covered by shaded boxes indicate the transition type of Hynobius akiensis.

Figure 4 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 4. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–d) MSC 42407, first lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Distal view. (b) Lingual view. (c) Labial view. (d) Basal view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–i) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Distal view. (g) Lingual view. (h) Labial view. (i) Basal view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–n) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Mesial view. (l) Lingual view. (m) Labial view. (n) Basal view. (o) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (p–s) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (p) Mesial view. (q) Lingual view. (r) Labial view. (s) Basal view. (t) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplet. (u–x) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Mesial view. (v) Lingual view. (w) Labial view. (x) Basal view. (y) Close-up of mesial denticle. (z–ad) MSC 42632, lower right posterior tooth. (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Lingual view. (ab) Labial view. (ac) Mesial view. (ad) Basal view. Labial at bottom in (d), (i), (n), (s), (x), and (ad). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 1 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 1. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of site ALn-13, Lowndes County, AL, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of site ALn-13 in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Danian surface stratigraphy in Alabama, USA. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities.

Figure 7 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 7. Lingual view of right dentitions of Carcharias taurus, Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov., and Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. (a–b) C. taurus, unnumbered specimen from Gordon Hubbell Collection, natural tooth set. (a) Upper dentition. (b) Lower dentition. (c–d) M. mackayi sp. nov., artificial tooth set. (c) M. mackayi sp. nov. upper dentition, from left to right: MSC 42411, paratype; MSC 42408, paratype; MSC 42413, paratype (reversed); MSC 42495; MSC 42718; MSC 42412, holotype; MSC 42421; MSC 42494; MSC 42497; MSC 42416 (reversed). (d) M. mackayi sp. nov. lower dentition, from left to right: MSC 42407, paratype; MSC 42405, paratype (reversed); MSC 42410, paratype; MSC 42406, paratype (reversed); MSC 42719 (reversed); MSC 42409, paratype; MSC 42500; MSC 42498; MSC 42501; MSC 42632. (e–f) M. parmleyi sp. nov., artificial tooth set. (e) M. parmleyi sp. nov. upper dentition, from left to right: SC2013.44.117, paratype; SC2013.44.119, paratype (reversed); SC2013.44.122, paratype (reversed); SC2013.44.120, paratype (reversed); SC2004.34.175, holotype (reversed); SC2004.34.178; SC2004.34.179; SC2004.34.177 (reversed); SC2013.44.1123 (reversed); SC2013.44.153; SC2004.34.38. (f) M. parmleyi sp. nov. lower dentition, from left to right: SC2013.44.128, paratype; SC2013.44.130, paratype; SC2013.44.132, paratype; SC2004.34.182, paratype; SC2013.44.157, paratype; SC2004.34.176 (reversed); SC2013.44.154; SC2013.44.155; SC2013.44.156; SC2004.34.181, paratype. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 6 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view. (d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view. (f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 5 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view. (u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 2 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 2. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of the Hardie Mine site, Wilkinson County, GA, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of the Hardie Mine site in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Middle to late Eocene lithostratigraphic units formerly exposed in the mine. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities.

Figure 3 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 3. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Paleocene (Danian) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation, site ALn-13, Lowndes County, Alabama, USA. (a–e) MSC 42411, first upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. (k–o) MSC 42413, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of distal cusplet. (p–t) MSC 42412, upper lateral tooth (holotype). (p) Basal view. (q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view. (s) Mesial view. (t) Close-up of distal cusplet and denticle. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), and (p). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 9 in Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Figure 9. Variation in denticle and cusplet morphology on Mennerotodus teeth. (a–f) Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. (a) SC 2013.44.125, upper right lateral tooth in labial view. (b) SC 2004.34.19, upper left lateral tooth in labial view (reversed). (c) SC 2013.44.78, fourth lower left anterior tooth in labial view. (d) SC 2004.34.185, upper right lateral tooth in labial view. (e) SC 2013.44.158, upper left lateral tooth in labial view. (f) SC2013.44.151, second lower right anterior tooth in mesial view. (g–l) Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov., teeth in labial view. (g) MSC 42408, second upper right anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (h) MSC 42412, upper left lateral tooth (holotype; reversed). (i) MSC 42410, third lower right anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (j) MSC 42405, second lower right anterior tooth (paratype; reversed). (k) MSC 42406, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (l) MSC 42409, lower right lateral tooth (paratype; reversed).

Fig. 5 in Two new polyporoid species of Fomitopsidaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from India

Fig. 5. Microscopic characteristics of Fomitopsis benghalensis R.Saha, A.K.Dutta & K.Acharya sp. nov. (CUH [AM795], holotype). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Generative hyphae. D. Skeletal hyphae. E. Binding hyphae. F. Basidiospores. Scale bars = 5 µm. Drawing by R. Saha.

Fig. 3 in Two new polyporoid species of Fomitopsidaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from India

Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of Pseudofomitopsis fusca R.Saha, A.K.Dutta & K.Acharya sp. nov. (CUH [AM776], holotype). A. Basidia. B. Cystidioles. C. Generative hyphae. D. Skeletal hyphae. E. Basidiospores. Scale bars = 5 µm. Drawing by R. Saha.