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Figure 8. A-C in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 8. A-C, Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Anterior orbital region in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; three-dimensional cutaway views along the transverse axis based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography data, cutaway slice 131 (C) at the level of the frontal-prefrontal articulation. D, Python molurus (MACN 39026). Anterior portion of the skull in dorsal view. Abbreviations: fr, frontal; lf, lacrimal foramen; lfp, lateral foot process; mfp, medial foot process; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; po, postorbital; pofr, postfrontal; pr, preorbital ridge; prf, prefrontal.

Figure 10 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 10. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Right ectopterygoid and pterygoid in ventral (A) and dorsolateral (B) views. Abbreviations: ec, ectopterygoid; mx, maxilla; pt, pterygoid.

Figure 12 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 12. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Parietal bone in dorsal (A) and right lateral (B) views; C, threedimensional cutaway views along the transverse axis based on high resolution X-ray computed tomography data, cutaway slices 217 (above) and 233 (below). Abbreviations: fr, frontal; p, parietal; po, postorbital; pofr, postfrontal; pot, prootic; sc, sagittal crest; so, supraoccipital.

Figure 6 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 6. Ventral view of the skull of several squamates showing the palatine-vomer contact. A, Varanus niloticus (MLP.R 5209); B, Dinilysia patagonica (MLP 26–410); C, Python molurus (MACN 39026). Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; pl, palatine; v, vomer. Not to scale.

Figure 5 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 5. Holotype of Dinilysia patagonica (MLP 26–410). Anterior region of the skull in ventral (A) and ventrolateral (B) views. Abbreviations: fr, frontal; fv, palatine articular facet that receives the vomerine lateral posterior process; lpv, lateral posterior process of the vomer; mp, maxillary process of palatine; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoidal rostrum; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer.

Figure 3 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 3. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views; isolated left maxilla in lateral view (E); fragmentary left mandible in dorsal view (F); nearly complete right mandible with the quadrate bone articulated in lateral view (G).

Figure 1 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 1. Holotype of Dinilysia patagonica (MLP 26–410). Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views; fragmentary right dentary in lingual (E) and medial (F) views; right compound bone in dorsal view (G) and left compound bone in dorsolateral view (H).

Figure 20 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 20. Parabasisphenoid complex of Dinilysia patagonica. A, ventral view of MUCPv 38; B, ventral view of the holotype (MLP 26–410). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; p, parietal; pbp, basipterygoid process; pl, palatine; pov, posterior opening of the Vidian canal; pro, parasphenoidal rostrum; pt, pterygoid; saov, secondary opening of the Vidian canal.

Figure 4 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 4. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1013). Anterior (nasofrontal) region of the skull in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; high resolution X-ray computed tomography transverse sections of the right nasal (C); medial view of the right nasal (D). Abbreviations: fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; prf, prefrontal.

Figure 2 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

Figure 2. Dinilysia patagonica (MACN-RN 1014). Braincase in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and posterior (E) views; nearly complete right quadrate and fragmentary columellar shaft in lateral (F) and medial (G) views; quadrate ramus of the right pterygoid in lateral view (H).

FIGURES – 0. Shape and position of pseudocyphellae in several Ramalina species. 6. orbicular pseudocyphellae and laminal soralia (R. chiguarensis), scale = 1.3 mm. 7. Orbicular pseudocyphellae (R. cochlearis), scale = 0.4 mm. 8. Ellipsoid pseudocyphellae (R. santanensis), scale = 0.3 mm. 9. Linear pseudocyphellae (R. tenuissima), scale = 0.6 mm. 10. Flattened pseudocyphellae (R. maegdefraui), scale = 61.5 µm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America

FIGURES – 0. Shape and position of pseudocyphellae in several Ramalina species. 6. orbicular pseudocyphellae and laminal soralia (R. chiguarensis), scale = 1.3 mm. 7. Orbicular pseudocyphellae (R. cochlearis), scale = 0.4 mm. 8. Ellipsoid pseudocyphellae (R. santanensis), scale = 0.3 mm. 9. Linear pseudocyphellae (R. tenuissima), scale = 0.6 mm. 10. Flattened pseudocyphellae (R. maegdefraui), scale = 61.5 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula

FIGURE 5. Box-and-whisker plots of the most important qualitative morphological characters discriminating between Cardamine acris, C. amara, C. barbaraeoides and C. raphanifolia.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula

FIGURE 1. Map showing our sample sites and the localities of herbarium specimens from Greece revised by us. The sample sites used in the morphometric analyses are indicated by grey symbols: grey stars denote Cardamine barbaraeoides and grey crosses C. acris (see Table 2 for more details). The localities of the revised herbarium specimens are indicated by white symbols: white stars represent specimens confirmed as C. barbaraeoides (see Appendix 1) and white circles denote specimens of C. acris that were previously misidentified as C. barbaraeoides (see Appendix 2). Floristic regions of Greece according to Strid (1986) are delimited by dashed lines and named in italics.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula

FIGURE 4. Canonical discriminant analyses based on individual plants and two predefined groups in each analysis: Cardamine barbaraeoides and C. amara (A), C. barbaraeoides and C. acris (B), and C. barbaraeoides and C. raphanifolia (C). The analyses were based on nine morphological characters and ten ratios.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula

FIGURE 3. Canonical discriminant analysis of individuals of Cardamine barbaraeoides, C. amara, C. acris and C. raphanifolia, based on nine morphological characters and ten ratios.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula

FIGURE 6. Drawings of Cardamine barbaraeoides (A), C. acris subsp. acris (B), and C. amara subsp. balcanica (C). Scale bar − 5 cm. Drawn by Jana Ficová.

FIGURE. Maximum clade credibility tree of a post-burnin Bayesian analysis (100 million generations), based on nuclear (agt1, ETS, g3pdh, phyC, rpb2) and plastid (atpB–rbcL, matK, rps16, ycf1 pos. 1113-2103, ycf1 pos. 4492-5440) data. Above the branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support (BS) are shown (PP/BS). The scale bar below the tree shows the branch length for 0.004 substitutions per nucleotide position. Capital letters at the branches are referred to in the tree description. in Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence

FIGURE. Maximum clade credibility tree of a post-burnin Bayesian analysis (100 million generations), based on nuclear (agt1, ETS, g3pdh, phyC, rpb2) and plastid (atpB–rbcL, matK, rps16, ycf1 pos. 1113-2103, ycf1 pos. 4492-5440) data. Above the branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support (BS) are shown (PP/BS). The scale bar below the tree shows the branch length for 0.004 substitutions per nucleotide position. Capital letters at the branches are referred to in the tree description.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2021View details →

FIGURE. Euphorbia hirta (individuals cultivated at Giardino dei Semplici of Florence, Tuscany): A) detail of leaves and position of glomerules, B) detail of stem hairiness, C) detail of glomerule. in Synopsis of Euphorbia section Anisophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) in Italy, with an insight on variation of distribution over time in Tuscany

FIGURE. Euphorbia hirta (individuals cultivated at Giardino dei Semplici of Florence, Tuscany): A) detail of leaves and position of glomerules, B) detail of stem hairiness, C) detail of glomerule.

opennotspecifiedAug 2010View details →

Figure 3 in The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)

Figure 3. Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea. The phylogeny includes representatives of the major stylommatophoran land snail groups and is rooted on the Opisthobranch Aplysia. The tree is based on 823 unambiguously aligned nucleotide sites with distances corrected for multiple hits using a GTR + G model (alpha = 0.197409). Bootstrap values [1000 NJ bootstraps and 1000 maximum likelihood (ML) bootstraps expressed as a percentage] and Bayesian posterior probabilities indicating support for individual branches are shown on the tree (NJ bootstraps/ML bootstraps/ Bayesian inference posterior probabilities). The scale bar corresponds to a genetic distance of 2%. The geographical distribution of streptaxid genera and their current subfamily attributions are shown. A, first fossil record of achatinoid 140 Mya. B, minimum age 80 Mya based on fossil Gibbulinella from Portugal.