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FIGURE 2 in Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)
FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554.
FIGURE 1 in Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)
FIGURE 1. Life history of Nhambikuara mima: 1a) egg, 1b) black patches present on egg two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 8a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 1a based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0542; 1b, 2a, b, 3a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489.
data&result of Time Series Surface Water Reconstruction Method (TSWR) based on Spatial Relationship of Multi-stage Water Boundaries
<p>It is a dataset for a paper of Time Series Surface Water Reconstruction Method (TSWR) based on Spatial Relationship of Multi-stage Water Boundaries.</p>
Figure 2 in Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Figure 2. Immature stages of Cavichiana bromelicola, habitus, dorsal view. (a), first stadium. (b), second stadium. (c), third stadium. (d), fourth stadium. (e), fifth stadium.
Figure 3 in Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the head of a fourth stadium nymph (except Figure a) of Cavichiana bromelicola. (a), crown and pronotum of fifth stadium nymph, showing ocellar maculae, frontogenal sutures and median ecdysial line. (b), head, frontal view. (c), brochosomes, sensilla campaniformia and s. trichodea on frons. (d), gena with sensilla campaniformia, s. placodea and s. trichodea. (e), sensillum placodeum on gena, close to compound eye. (f), scape, pedicel and base of flagellum of antenna. (g), scape and pedicel, showing scale-like sculpturing. (h), scale-like sculpturing of pedicel at higher magnification. (i), part of face showing location of Evans organ. (j), Evans organ at higher magnification. (k), mouth parts. (l), apex of labium, showing sensilla basiconica and s. trichodea. br, brochosomes; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; cmi, cibarial muscular impression; cs, location of coronal suture; el, ecdysial line; eo, Evans organ; es, epistomal suture; fl, flagellum; fr, frons; fs, frontogenal suture; ge, gena; la, labium; lb, labrum; lo, lorum; mp, maxillary plate; ms, mandibular stylet; om, ocellar macula; pe, pedicel; pf, postfrons; pr, pronotum; sb, sensilla basiconica; sca, sensilla campaniformia; scp, scape; sls, scale-like sculpturing; sp, sensilla placodea; ss, subgenal suture; st, sensilla trichodea; ve, vertex; xs, maxillary stylet.
Figure 1 in Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Figure 1. (a), preoviposition egg of Cavichiana bromelicola showing ventral keel originating from anterior end (where the head of the embryo develops). (b), posterior end of egg (indicated by an asterisk in a) showing the chorion and an outer layer that is possibly derived from the ovary. (c), posterior end at higher magnification. (d), outer layer, which is very thin and thus easily damaged. ch, chorion; kl, ventral keel; ol, outer layer.
Figure 5 in Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Figure 5. Apical portion of abdomen of Cavichiana bromelicola, fourth stadium nymphs showing sexual dimorphism. (a), male. (b), female. go1, gonapophyses I; go2, gonapophyses II; py, pygofer. Notice fusion of gonapophyses I in male and separation in female.
Figure 4 in Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Figure 4. Ommatidia of nymphs of Cavichiana bromelicola. (a), first stadium. (b), second stadium. (c), third stadium. (d), fourth stadium. (e), fifth stadium. (f), sensillum coeloconicum, fourth stadium. oma, ommatidia; sco, sensilla coeloconica; st, sensilla trichodea.
FIGURE 8 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 8. Abdominal sternites VII to IX and cerci in nymphal stages, female, ventral view. a, 1st instar; b & c, 2nd instar; d & e, 3rd instar; f, 4th instar; g, 5th instar; h, 6th instar; i, 7th (penultimate) instar; j, 8th (penultimate) instar; k, 8th (last) instar; l, 9th instar. Labels: gl = gonoplacs; gp8 = gonapophyses VIII; gp9 = gonapophyses IX. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 3. Pronotum in nymphal stages, female, dorsal view. a, 1st instar; b & j, 2nd instar; c, 3rd instar; d & k, 4th instar; e, 5th instar; f & l, 6th instar; g, 7th instar; h & m, 8th instar; i, 9th instar. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 6. Pterothorax and wing pads in nymphal stages, male, dorsal view. a, 1st instar; b, 2nd instar; c, 3rd instar; d, 4th instar; e, 5th instar; f, 6th instar; g, 6th (penultimate) instar; h, 7th (penultimate) instar; i, 7th (last) instar; j, 8th instar. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 5. Pterothorax and wing pads in nymphal stages, female, dorsal view. a, 1st instar; b, 2nd instar; c, 3rd instar; d, 4th instar; e, 5th instar; f, 6th instar; g, 7th instar; h, 7th (penultimate) instar; i, 8th (penultimate) instar; j, 8th (last) instar; k, 9th instar. Label: jf = jugal field. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 4. Prosternum and coxae in nymphal stages, female, ventral view. a, 1st instar; b & j, 2nd instar; c, 3rd instar; d & k, 4th instar; e, 5th instar; f & l, 6th instar; g, 7th instar; h & m, 8th instar; i, 9th instar. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 2. General structure of the foreleg of Tenodera fasciata, lateral view. Labels: afs = anteroventral (internal) femoral spines; ds = discoidal spines; fl = profemur length; fw = profemur width; fb = femoral brush; ms = marginal spines; pfs = posteroventral (external) femoral spines; tsg = tibial spur groove. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 1. General structure of nymphal stages of Tenodera fasciata. Labels: bl = body length; ce = cercus; cl = cercus length; pl = pronotum length; pw = pronotum width; wl = fore wing pad length. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Morphological study of nymphal stages in Tenodera fasciata (Olivier, 1792) (Mantodea: Mantidae)
FIGURE 9. Abdominal sternites VII to IX and cerci in nymphal stages, male, ventral view. a, 1st instar; b, 2nd instar; c, 3rd instar; d, 4th instar; e, 5th instar; f, 6th instar; g, 7th (penultimate) instar; h, 7th (last) instar; i, 8th instar. Labels: pp = posterior process; st = styles. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Data from: Host developmental stage effects on parasite resistance and tolerance
<p><span>Hosts can defend themselves against parasites by either preventing or limiting infections (resistance), or limiting parasite-induced damage (tolerance). However, it remains underexplored how these defense types vary over host development with shifting patterns of resource allocation priorities. Here, we studied the role of developmental stage on resistance and tolerance in Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>). This anadromous fish has distinct life stages related to living in fresh and sea water. We experimentally exposed one-year old salmon, either at the freshwater stage or at the stage transitioning to the marine phase, to the trematode <em>Diplostomum pseudospathaceum</em>. Using 56 pedigreed families and multivariate animal models, we show that developmental transition is associated with reduced resistance, but does not affect tolerance. Furthermore, by comparing tolerance slopes (host fitness against parasite load) based on additive genetic effects among infected and unexposed control relatives, we observed that the slopes can be largely independent of the infection, that is they may not reflect tolerance. Together, our results suggest that the relative importance of different defense types may vary with host development and emphasize the importance of including control treatments for more confident interpretations of tolerance estimates.</span></p>
Life-history stage and the population genetics of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus at a fine spatial scale
<p>As a widespread vector of disease, the mosquito species <em>Aedes albopictus </em>Skuse<em> </em>(Diptera: Culicidae) is a high priority for both public health and invasive species research and management. Like all mosquitoes, <em>A. albopictus </em>has a complex life history with aquatic egg, larval, and pupal stages and a terrestrial adult stage. This requires targeted management strategies for each life stage, coordinated across time and space. Researchers use population genetics to inform control of <em>A. albopictus</em>. However, these studies do not consider the impact on life stage on population genetic characteristics and subsequent conclusions. Our objective was to examine whether the life stage impacted patterns of <em>A. albopictus </em>genetic diversity and differentiation at a spatial scale relevant to management efforts. We first conducted a literature review of field-caught <em>A. albopictus </em>population genetic papers and identified 74 peer-reviewed publications, none of which compared results between life stages.<em> </em>We them examined population genetic patterns of egg and adult <em>A. albopictus </em>at five sites in Wake County, North Carolina USA using 8,425 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found that level of genetic diversity and connectivity between sites varied between adults and eggs. This warrants further study and is critical for research aimed at informing local management.</p>
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti : Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
<p>Phenotypic integration and developmental canalization have been hypothesized to constrain the degree of phenotypic plasticity, but little evidence exists, probably due to the lack in studies on the relationships among the three processes, especially for plants under different environments. We conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> to three densities, under infertile and fertile soil conditions, and analyzing correlations among canalization, integration, and plasticity in a variety of measured morphological traits after 50 and 70 d, to investigate the relationships among the three variables in response to density and how these responses vary with soil conditions and growth stages. Results showed trait canalization decreased, phenotypic integration and the degree of plasticity (absolute plasticity) in traits increased with density. Phenotypic integration often positively correlated with absolute plasticity; whereas correlations between trait canalization and plasticity were insignificant in most cases, with a few positive ones between canalization and absolute plasticity at low and medium densities. As plants grew, these correlations intensified in infertile soil and attenuated in fertile soil. Our findings suggested the complexity of the relationship between canalization and plasticity: decreased canalization is more likely to facilitate active plastic responses under more favorable conditions; whereas increased level of integration should mainly be an outcome of plastic responses. Soil conditions and growth stage may affect responses of these correlations to density via modifying plant size, competition strength and plastic responses in traits. We also predicted that decreased canalization can be advantageous or disadvantageous, and the lack of response to stress may demonstrate a stronger ability of adaptation than passive response, thus should be adaptive plasticity as active response.</p>
Data from: Brachiopods from the Byrd Group (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica
Brachiopods from Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 carbonate strata of the Byrd Group in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica, are described for the first time. These include six lingulate, one paterinate, and one rhynchonelliform taxa, including the new lingulate brachiopod <i>Plicarmus wildi</i> gen. et sp. nov. The assemblage correlates closely to the brachiopods recently reported from the Xinji Formation (Shuiyu section) in North China, as well as brachiopods recovered from the <i>Dailyatia odyssei</i> Zone across the Arrowie Basin of South Australia. The first unambiguous example of the acrotretid brachiopod <i>Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis</i> Li and Holmer 2004 outside South China is also identified in the context of its ontogenetic stages. Well preserved specimens of the acrotheloid <i>Schizopholis yorkensis</i> (Holmer and Ushatinskaya in Gravestock et al., 2001) facilitates a new reconstruction of its musculature and visceral region. This data is synthesised into a new cladistic analysis that resolves Acrotheloidea as a well-supported monophyletic clade and supports previous notions of a morphocline in acrotheloid evolution.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.