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FIGURES 29–30. Hygrobates trigonicus Koenike, 1895 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 29–30. Hygrobates trigonicus Koenike, 1895, larva: 29, dorsal view; 30, ventral view. Scale bar: 50 µm.

FIGURES 11–15 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 11–15. Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), female: 11, seta Fch; 12, coxal plates I–IV, ventral view; 13, genital field; 14, pedipalp; 15, I-Leg-4-6. Scale bars: 11, 14 = 50 µm, 12 = 200 µm, 13, 15 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 39–44. Hygrobates trigonicus Koenike, 1895 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 39–44. Hygrobates trigonicus Koenike, 1895, female: 39, seta Fch; 40, coxal plates I–IV; 41, genital field; 42, pedipalp; 43, I-Leg-5-6; 44, IV-Leg-5-6. Scale bars: 39, 42 = 100 µm, 40, 41, 43, 44 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 1–2 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), larva: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Scale bar: 50 µm.

FIGURES 18–24. Hygrobates longiporus Thor, 1879 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 18–24. Hygrobates longiporus Thor, 1879, larva: 18, chelicera, dorsal view; 19, pedipalp; 20, Leg I; 21, Leg II; 22, Leg III; 23, claws of leg I; 24, claws of leg III. Scale bars: 18, 20–22 = 50 µm, 19, 23–24 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 25–28. Hygrobates longiporus Thor, 1879 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 25–28. Hygrobates longiporus Thor, 1879, female: 25, seta Fch; 26, coxal plates I–IV and genital field, ventral view; 27, pedipalp; 28, I-Leg-4-6. Scale bars: 25, 27 = 100 µm, 26, 28 = 200 µm.

FIGURES 3–10 in Larval morphology of Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), H. longiporus Thor, 1898 and H. trigonicus Koenike, 1895 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae)

FIGURES 3–10. Hygrobates foreli (Lebert, 1874), larva: 3, chelicera, dorsal view; 4, chela, lateral view; 5, pedipalp; 6, Leg I; 7, Leg II; 8, Leg III; 9, claws of leg I; 10, claws of leg III. Scale bars: 3, 5, 6–8 = 50 µm, 4, 9–10 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 18–23 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 18–23. Aedeagus of Microedus schilenkovi (Figs 18–19: Russia, Altai, Aygulakskiy Mts.; Fig. 20: Russia, Altai, Teletskoye Lake; Fig. 21: Kazakhstan, Tauchilik River) and A. kastcheevi (Figs. 22–23: paratype, Dzhungar Mts.): 18, 20–22— parameral view, 19, 23—lateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 34–42 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 34–42. Aedeagus (Figs. 34–36: Japan: Honshu, Mt. Hotaka) and abdominal segments (Figs. 37–42) of Microedus subtilis: 34—aedeagus, parameral view, 35—aedeagus, apex of median lobe, 36—aedeagus, lateral view, 37—male tergite VIII, 38—male sternite VIII, 39—male genital segment, 40—female tergite VIII, 41—female sternite VIII, 42—female genital segment. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14–17 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 14–17. Aedeagus of Microedus austinianus (Figs 14–15: Canada, Quebec, Riviere-a-Claude) and M. brevitarsis (Figs. 16–17: holotype): 14, 16—parameral view, 15, 17—lateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 31–33 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 31–33. Lectotype labels (Fig. 31–32) and habitus (Fig. 33) of Microedus subtilis: 31–32—lectotype, with type labels, 33—Japan: Honshu: Mt. Hotaka. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 6–13 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 6–13. Mouthparts (dorsal view) of M. austinianus (Figs. 6, 8, 10, 12) and M. schilenkovi (Figs. 7, 9, 11, 13): 6–7— labrum, 8–9—mandibles (left and right), 10–11—maxilla (right), 12–13—labium. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 30 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURE 30. Distribution of Microedus in the Middle Asia: M. schilenkovi (circles), M. kastcheevi (squares).

FIGURES 24–29 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 24–29. Abdominal segments of Microedus schilenkovi: 24—male tergite VIII, 25—male sternite VIII, 26—male genital segment, 27—female tergite VIII, 28—female sternite VIII, 29—female genital segment. Scale bars 0.1 m

FIGURES 1–5 in Microedus LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), a new genus for the Palaearctic Region

FIGURES 1–5. Habitus of Microedus: 1—M. austinianus (USA: New Hampshire), 2—M. brevitarsis (holotype), 3—M. kastcheevi (paratype, Kazakhstan: Dzhungar Mts.), 4—A. schilenkovi (Russia: Altai, Korgon Mts.), 5—M. sp. (Kashmir). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 13 in Biology, morphology and taxonomy of a snail-feeding leech from North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Helobdella lineata (Verrill, 1874) (Glossiphoniidae): First evidence for extra-oral digestion in the Hirudinea

FIGURE 13. Large salivary cells. Translucent, preserved specimens of H. lineata showing internal morphological features of this species: A, large unicellular salivary cells (HL-11A), dorsal view; B, presumptive trematode metacercariae (HL-8B) which can be confused with salivary cells, ventral view. Abbreviations: a, atrium; cc, crop caecum; e, eye; i, intestine; pr, proboscis; me, metacercaria; pc, posterior crop caecum; r, rectum; sc, salivary cell; sb, salivary bundle; t, testis. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Biology, morphology and taxonomy of a snail-feeding leech from North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Helobdella lineata (Verrill, 1874) (Glossiphoniidae): First evidence for extra-oral digestion in the Hirudinea

FIGURE 10. Evidence that the neck region of H. lineata is capable of extending and swelling (see section on feeding biology). A, proboscis everted; B–D, proboscis at rest, i.e. not everted. A (HL-9D), neck region narrows (white arrow) when proboscis is extended; B (HL-15A), annulation of the neck region at rest is more subdivided than annuli in mid-body region; C (HL-13A), ventral nerve cord (blue) between ganglia VIII–IX and IX–X is characteristically sinuous (black arrow) when individual is at rest. D (HL-13A), single salivary ductules are sinuous (black arrow) within the proboscis when individual is at rest. Abbreviations: co, circumpharyngeal commissure (brain); sd, single salivary ductule (brown); sb, salivary bundle (brown). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Biology, morphology and taxonomy of a snail-feeding leech from North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Helobdella lineata (Verrill, 1874) (Glossiphoniidae): First evidence for extra-oral digestion in the Hirudinea

FIGURE 5. Dissections of individuals of H. lineata from disparate locations in the Albemarle region reveal that certain features of the digestive and reproductive systems are anatomically invariant. This relative lack of internal variability corroborates the tentative view they all represent the same biological species in this region regardless of pigmentation and papillation. A, Pasquotank County (HL-5A, 12.8 mm); B, Wayne County (HL-6A, 18.5 mm); C, Tyrrell County (HL-15A. 15.5 mm). Abbreviations: a, atrium; cc, crop caecum; es, esophagus; ic, intestinal caecum; pc, posterior crop caecum; pr, proboscis; r, rectum; sc, salivary cell; sb, salivary bundle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; tp, tip of proboscis.

FIGURE 7 in Biology, morphology and taxonomy of a snail-feeding leech from North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Helobdella lineata (Verrill, 1874) (Glossiphoniidae): First evidence for extra-oral digestion in the Hirudinea

FIGURE 7. Caudal end of H. lineata showing arrangement of dorsal papillae and the rectum under different conditions of lighting and preservation (5% formalin). A (HL-4), in life, under natural light. B, faded preserved specimen (HL-9B), LED light. C, faded preserved specimen (HL-9F), LED light. PAPILLAE. A, papillae are dark and conspicuous, located on a2 (middle) annulus along the medial stripe and the intermediate position. B, papillae are present but unpigmented (i.e. faded) and barely discernible. C, peculiar columnar link between external papillae and the underlying crop caeca. RECTUM. A, brown foodstuff visible in the crop caeca. Note: the rectum consists of two adjacent compartments. B, the rectum is visible through the translucent body wall as a slightly convoluted tube leading to a relatively large anus. C, the rectum has an apparent anterior third chamber located behind the intestine. Abbreviations: an, anus; pa, papilla; pc, posterior crop caecum; r, rectum. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 16 in Biology, morphology and taxonomy of a snail-feeding leech from North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Helobdella lineata (Verrill, 1874) (Glossiphoniidae): First evidence for extra-oral digestion in the Hirudinea

FIGURE 16. Reproductive anatomy of H. lineata. A, ventral view of adult (HL-5F) showing six pairs of testes; B, male structures showing atrium and seminal vesicles; C, female structures showing mature ovisac containing ova; D, spermatophore; E, external location of male gonopore at XIa3/XIIa1. Abbreviations: a, atrium; os, ovisac; ov, ovum; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis. Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B–C, 100 μm.