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Fig. 2 in Trypanosomiasis: An emerging disease in Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) nestlings in Switzerland?

Fig. 2. Fledging indexes of 7 Swiss Alpine swift colonies from 2015 to 2022.

DArTseq genetic dataset associated with the article "Hybrids as mirrors of the past: genomic footprints reveal spatio-temporal dynamics and extinction risk of alpine extremophytes in the mountains of Central Asia"

Description: This file stores genetic information on the single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) in the examined alkali grasses (Poaceae: Puccinellia). The dataset was generetad by Genome-Wide Restriction Fragment Analysis via the DArTseq platform (Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia), which combines complexity reduction methods, fragment size selection, and high-throughput sequencing, optimised for a target organism. The file contains raw data.   Usage notes: We used R (version 4.2.2, 2022-10-31; https://www.R-project.org/) and RStudio (version 2022.07.2+576 "Spotted Wakerobin" Release (e7373ef832b49b2a9b88162cfe7eac5f22c40b34, 2022-09-06; http://www.rstudio.com/) on Windows 8.1 to handle this file. We used the dartR R-package (version 2.7.2) with necessary dependencies to import, proccess and analyse this data file as an object of a class genlight (dartR) in the R environment. You may also handle the file as an object of a class genlight using the adegenet and ade4 R-packages. To learn more about installation procedure and how to use of the R-packages visit: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/available_packages_by_name.html.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Insect root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species in an alpine meadow

Although herbivores are well known to incur positive density-dependent damage and mortality, thereby likely shaping plant community assembly, the response of belowground root feeders to changes in plant density has seldom been addressed. Locally rare plant species (with lower plant biomass per area) are often smaller with shallower roots than common species (with higher plant biomass per area) in competition-intensive grasslands. Likewise, root feeders are often distributed in the upper soil layers. We hypothesized therefore that root feeders would incur a negative density (biomass) dependent damage across plant species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the diversity and abundance of plant and root feeder species in an alpine meadow, and determined the diet of the root feeders using metabarcoding. Across all species, root feeder load decreased with increasing aboveground plant biomass, root biomass, and total plant biomass per area, indicating negative density dependence of damage across plant species. Aboveground plant biomass per area increased with increasing individual plant biomass and root depth per area across species, suggesting that rare plant species were smaller in size and had shallower root systems compared to common plant species. Both root biomass per area and root feeder biomass per area decreased with soil depth, but the root feeder biomass decreased disproportionally faster compared to root biomass with increasing root depth. Root feeder load decreased with increasing root depth, but was not correlated with the feeding preference of root feeder species. Moreover, the prediction derived from a random process incorporating vertical distributions of root biomass and root feeder biomass significantly accounted for interspecific variation in root feeder load. In conclusion, the data indicate that root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species. On this basis, we suggest that manipulative experiments should be conducted to determine the effect of the negative density-dependent damage on plant community structure, and that different types of plant-animal interactions should be concurrently examined to fully understand the effect of plant density on overall herbivore damage across plant species.

Hyperspectral images of patches at different stages of degraded alpine meadows

This data contains hyperspectral images of degraded alpine meadow patches in four stages, which are:active patches (Stage 0), inactive patches (Stage 1), recovering patches (Stage 2), and healthy alpine meadow (Stage 3).

Vegetation pictures, Alpine grasslands at the Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy 2017-2023

This dataset presents vegetation pictures collected at the Nivolet Plain in Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP), western Italian Alps, between 2017 and 2023. This collection is linked to the dataset named "Net Ecosystem Exchange, Ecosystem Respiration and meteoclimatic data of Alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy 2017-2023" (https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7590917) already published in the Zenodo Community "IGG-CNR Critical Zone Observatories". For each measurement, a picture was taken from a nadir perspective, aiming at monitoring the vegetation within the measurement area. The collection is organised as follows. <ul> <li>Main folder: NIVOLET_YEAR (e.g., NIVOLET_2023) <ul> <li>Subfolder: SITE-NAME_YEAR(yyyy format)_MONTH(mm format)_DAY(dd format) (e.g., AL_2023_06_15) <ul> <li>Images: SITE-NAME_YEAR(yyyy format)_MONTH(mm format)_DAY(dd format)_NEE-time(hhmmss format) (e.g., AL_2023_06_15_101400.jpg)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supporting Information: Sedimentary events at the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition in the Slovenian Basin (Alpine Atlantic): further evidences for palaeoenvironmental record in pelagic sediments

Dataset containing raw elemental geochemistry data (ICP-MS, pXRF and GRS measurements), stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as rock magnetic data from the Tithonian-Berriasian of the Petrovo Brdo section (Slovenia). Supplementary information for the research entitled "The Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in the Slovenian Basin (Alpine Atlantic): further evidence for palaeoenvironmental record in pelagic sediments" published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland aboveground biomass in northern China and the alpine region: Impacts of climate change and human activities

We employed CASA model to estimate grassland Net Primary Productivity and aboveground biomass A(AGB) from meteorological and GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) remote sensing  data in northern China. We analyzed the dynamics of grassland AGB and impacts climate change and human activites.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland aboveground biomass in northern China and the alpine region: Impacts of climate change and human activities

EEAR-Clim: A high density observational dataset of daily precipitation and air temperature for the Extended European Alpine Region

Data, metadata and code for paper published in Earth System Science Data: A high density observational dataset of daily precipitation and air temperature for the Extended Alpine Region   Code (working copy all written in R statistical software): scripts.zip <ul> <li>to read and process data in from different sources</li> <li>to perform intra and inter-stations quality control</li> <li>to perform break detection and homogenization</li> <li>to read results of quality control and homogenization</li> </ul> Data: <ul> <li>Daily time series of air temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) and precipitation as .zip files, grouped by data provider.</li> <li>Information on column content is provided in separate files "data_readme.txt"</li> <li>about 10000 stations from Italy, France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary</li> <li>Meta data (code, name, longitude, latitude, elevation, measurements availability for each variable, starting date, ending date) in "metadata.zip", including a file for each data provider</li> <li>If you use the data you agree to adhere to the respective data provider's terms as listed in "License.pdf"</li> <li>The license terms especially (and additionally to any other terms of the single data providers) include: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. [from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>] </li> </ul>   Version history: v1.0: initial upload v2.0: update of data policies; addition of France and Croatia time series

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Evidence for niche conservatism in alpine beetles under a climate-driven species pump model

Aim Past glacial climate cycles have generated lineage diversity in alpine habitats, acting as a climate-driven species pump. It is not clear how much this process contributes to ecological diversification of alpine species. To examine this problem, we test patterns of genetic and phenotypic divergence in two co-distributed species complexes of flightless alpine ground beetles. Greater differentiation in ecologically-important functional traits would indicate that ecological selection is an outcome of oscillating climate change, whereas greater differentiation in non-ecological traits would indicate niche conservatism. Location The Cascades Range and Trinity Mountains of western North America. Taxon Members of the Nebria paradisi and N. vandykei species complexes (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriinae) Methods We generated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and mitochondrial sequence data, as well as morphological and physiological data, to compare populations spanning the range of both species. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were used to infer the relationships among taxa and populations within each species complex, as well as historical population demography. Support vector machines were used to test for classification of taxa and populations based on ecomorphological, ecophysiological, and male reproductive traits. Mantel tests were then used to assess statistical associations between phenotypic and genetic divergence among populations. Results The N. vandykei and N. paradisi species complexes are each comprised of genetically distinctive populations exhibiting long-term demographic declines. Each phylogeny supports multiple monophyletic groups with geographical cohesion. By examining phenotypic traits among populations in both species' complexes, we show that reproductive trait divergence can discriminate species and population status more effectively than ecomorphological or ecophysiological traits. Reproductive and genetic divergence are significantly correlated in the N. vandykei species complex. Main Conclusions We found limited evidence of ecological selection acting on functional traits. Instead, reproductive and genetic divergence evolved among isolated populations in both species complexes, suggesting niche conservatism may be a common outcome in alpine species diversification.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 1. Desoria calderonis sp. nov., general aspect.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Water residence time and temperature drive the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in Alpine lakes in the Tibetan Plateau

This dataset contains data from an investigation into the drivers on the spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter in alpine lakes in the Tibetan Plateau described in the paper: "Du Y., Chen F., Xiao K., Song C., He H., Zhang Q., Zhou Y., Jang K.-S., Zhang Y., Xing P., Liu Z., Zhang Y. and Lu Y. 2021. Water Residence Time and Temperature Drive the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Alpine Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 35(11), e2020GB006908". The primary objectives of the study were to: (i) evaluate the spatial variability of the amount, source, and composition of DOM from alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, and (ii) determine the primary environmental controls and mechanisms responsible for the spatial variability. At first, we collected 35 water samples from 25 lakes distributed in the northwestern (33.1–33.6 °N, 78.9–80.4°E), central (30.5–31.9°N, 88.3–89.4°E) and southeastern (28.6–29.1 °N, 90.4–90.8°E) regions of the plateau. We characterized water chemistry and DOM composition in these lakes by measuring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DOM optical properties (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy). DOM compositions of three lakes of different water residence times (WRTs) were further analyzed using ultrahigh-resolution molecular techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization-assisted Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI FT-ICR MS). Secondly, we collected the indices of climatic characteristics (i.e., mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and mean annual irradiation period) and lake hydrology (i.e., catchment area, lake area, mean depth and water residence time) of the sampling lakes. Thirdly, we performed statistical analysis to determine the primary environmental control and predictors of the spatial variability in lacustrine DOM on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analyses included non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test, spearman's bivariate correlations, redundancy analysis, and linear regression models. Main results of this work are that (1) DOM in Tibetan alpine lakes is mediated more by in-lake production and transformations than by catchment inputs; (2) water residence time (WRT) of lakes and mean annual temperature (MAT) accounted for 30–59% of the spatial variance of the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and fluorescent DOM (FDOM); (3) Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau would play a more active and prominent role in regional and global carbon cycles in the face of climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

FIG. 7 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 7. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Early Bronze Age Barche di Solferino.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

FIG. 8 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 8. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Early Iron Age Terra Negra.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Habitat Utilization By Alpine Musk Deer, Moschus Chrysogaster (Artiodactyla, Moschidae), In Khaptad National Park, Nepal

Fig. 2. Ivlev´s habitat electivity index of the musk deer in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data and scripts from: Long term analysis of social structure: evidence of age-based consistent associations in male Alpine ibex

The folder contains the data and scripts used to produce the manuscript: "Long term analysis of social structure: evidence of age-based consistent associations in Alpine ibex" by Alice Brambilla, Achaz von Hardenberg, Claudia Canedoli, Francesca Brivio, Cédric Sueur and Christina R Stanley.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Cariboo Alpine Mesonet meteorological data, 2017-2021

This is a dataset of time series of meteorological variables collected at 15 minute intervals at 22 sites across the Quesnel, upper Fraser and Nechako watersheds. Among meteorological variables measured are air, near-surface air/snow and soil temperatures, relative humidity, snow depth, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and direction. The database also contains rainfall and air temperature data collected in a network of tipping bucket rain gauges deployed in the upper Nechako Watershed. Data are provided in comma-delimited format with one file for each site. Each file name identifies the site location and they are numbered chronologically. The first column contains the date/time (PDT) in the format MM/DD/YEAR HH:MM. The next column is typically the battery voltage, and the following columns are the meteorological data at 15 minute intervals. Column headers provide the variable names and their units, in addition to the height at which the instruments are set up above ground or depths within soils. The last set of columns contains a recommended flag for data quality with "P" representing a "pass", and "F" denoting a "fail". A document in the main directory provides details on the quality assurance/control (QA/QC) process. Missing data or not-applicable information are denoted by "NaN" or "NA", respectively. Additional metadata, instrument specifications and legends are provided in a Word document for each site. A diagram in the main directory provides the temporal availability for each site for 2017-2021.  The time series for the tipping bucket rain gauges are set up in a similar way with date/timestamp in the first column, the second column air temperature (degrees Celsius), and the third column cumulative rainfall (mm). Blank cells for rainfall indicate zero values or missing data. Tipping bucket rain gauges are not shielded nor heated, and therefore not designed to measure snowfall. Data for two sites, Kasalka Creek and Laventie Creek, are not yet available due to animal disturbance during the first data collection effort.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Effects of disturbance on plant regrowth along snow pack gradients in alpine habitats

Human disturbance in alpine habitats is expected to increase, and improved knowledge of short-term recovery after disturbance events is necessary to interpret vegetation responses and formulate planning and mitigation efforts. The ability of a plant community to return to its original state after a disturbance (community resilience) depends on species composition and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze initial short-term effects of disturbance in alpine plant communities in contrasting climates (oceanic vs. continental; central Norway). We used a nested block-design to examine vegetative regrowth and seedling recruitment after experimental perturbation. Three plant community types along the snow pack gradient were exposed to (1) no disturbance, (2) clipping, and (3) clipping and uprooting. Slow vegetative regrowth and low seedling establishment rates were found in dry alpine ridges and late-melting oceanic snowbed communities. Leeside habitats with intermediate snow conditions were found more resilient. The difference was related to growth form and species diversity. Woody species, which dominated in ridges and oceanic snowbeds, showed the most negative response to disturbance. Species-rich plant communities dominated by graminoids and herbs showed higher rates of regrowth. Species richness seems to cause resilience to the plant communities through higher response diversity. Plant communities at the extreme ends of abiotic gradients, ridges and late-melting snowbeds, will be most sensitive to both disturbance and environmental change. In an up-scaled human-used landscape disturbance effects will be amplified and further limit recovery to a pre-disturbance state.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data from: European common frog (Rana temporaria) recolonised Switzerland from multiple glacial refugia in northern Italy via trans- and circum-Alpine routes

The high mountain ranges of western Europe had a profound effect on the biotic recolonisation of Europe from glacial refugia. The Alps present a particularly interesting case because they form an absolute barrier to dispersal for most taxa, obstructing recolonisation from multiple refugia in northern Italy. Here we investigate the effect of the European Alps on the phylogeographic history of the European common frog Rana temporaria. Based on partial cytochrome b and COXI sequences from Switzerland, we find two mitochondrial lineages roughly north and south of the alpine ridge, with contact zones between them in eastern and western Switzerland. The northern haplogroup falls within the previously identified western European haplogroup, while the southern haplogroup is unique to Switzerland. We find that the lineages diverged ~110 kya, at approximately the onset of the last glacial glaciation; this indicates that they are from different glacial refugia. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the northern and southern haplogroups colonised Switzerland via trans- and circum-alpine routes from at least two separate refugia in northern Italy. Our results illustrate how a complex recolonisation history of the central European Alps can arise from the semi-permeable barrier created by high mountains.