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FIGURE 1 in Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) norandinus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Eurycercidae), a new species of Cladocera in the Neotropical Region

FIGURE 1. Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) norandinus n.sp., holotype female. A, parthenogenetic female; B, antennule; C, headpores; D, headshield with antennula, antenna and labrum; E, trunk limb I, exopodite, lateral view (corm not shown); F, trunk limb I, exopodite, inner distal lobe; G, trunk limb II, exopodite; H, trunk limb II, gnathobase. DS, distal spinules; GN, gnathobase; IDL, inner distal lobe; MS, marginal spinules; ODL, outer distal lobe; PS, proximal spinules.

FIGURE 3 in Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) norandinus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Eurycercidae), a new species of Cladocera in the Neotropical Region

FIGURE 3. Dendrogram showing the grouping of the species of Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) based on the degree of similarity of 14 morphological traits (based on table 3).

FIGURE 2 in Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) norandinus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Eurycercidae), a new species of Cladocera in the Neotropical Region

FIGURE 2. Eurycercus (Bullatifrons) norandinus n.sp., holotype female. A, trunk limb III, exopodite; B, trunk limb III, gnathobase; C, trunk limb IV, exopodite; D, trunk limb V, exopodite; E, postabdomen with postabdominal claw. BR, branchial plate; GN, gnathobase; SS, sensilla.

FIGURE 9 in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 9. Relationship among species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex and its position relative to other species complexes (represented by selected taxa) of the D. longispina group (nomenclature of the D. longispina complex follows Petrusek et al. 2008). Three members of the D. pulex group, including D. obtusa coexisting with D. hrbaceki, were used as outgroups. The tree was constructed by the Bayesian inference of phylogeny from a partial sequence of the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Node support is provided for Bayesian inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony analyses, asterisks indicate sister species with support at least 99% in all three analyses. Vertical bars delineate species complexes, scale indicates 10% divergence.

FIGURE 6. Ephippium and neckteeth. A in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 6. Ephippium and neckteeth. A. Daphnia hrbaceki, dorsal aspect of free ephippium (K); arrow indicates evenly shaped convex outline lacking any concavity between the two egg chambers. B. D. hrbaceki, lateral aspect of free ephippium (K); arrow indicates position of maximal width of the ephippium. C. D. hrbaceki, adult female (RB); detail of necktooth (indicated by arrow). D. D. minnehaha, adult female (ELA) with neckteeth (indicated by arrow). E. D. minnehaha, adult female (ELA); detail of neckteeth (indicated by arrow). F. D. minnehaha, juvenile female (ELA); dorsal aspect, detail of neckteeth (indicated by arrow). G. Daphnia sp. (morphotype FLO9) (FL); detail of neckteeth (indicated by arrow).

FIGURE 4 in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 4. Daphnia hrbaceki and Daphnia curvirostris. Arrows indicate male antennular socket (as), suture between head shield and ventral side of head (s), single lateral seta anterior to areole (ss), rostrum (r), reticulation on the tip of rostrum (rr), apparent split of the rostrum (rs) and antennular mound (am). A, B. D. hrbaceki, head of adult male (RB) C. D. hrbaceki, adult female (K); rostrum and antennule, lateral aspect. D. D. curvirostris, adult female (H); rostrum and antennule, lateral aspect; detail of the rostrum tip in lateral aspect shown on the left. E. D. hrbaceki, adult female (K); rostrum, postero-frontal aspect. F. D. curvirostris, adult female (KP); rostrum, frontal aspect.

FIGURE 3 in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 3. Comparison of postabdominal claws. Arrows indicate second (middle) pecten of spinules or teeth of postabdominal claw. A. Daphnia hrbaceki, adult female (K). B. D. hrbaceki, adult female from laboratory culture (K). C. D. hrbaceki, adult female (RB). D. D. hrbaceki, adult female from laboratory culture (K); detail of middle pecten. E. D. hrbaceki, adult male from laboratory culture (K). F. Daphnia sp. (morphotype FLO9), adult female (FL). G. D. minnehaha, adult female (ELA).

FIGURE 2. Daphnia hrbaceki. Arrows indicate neckteeth. A in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 2. Daphnia hrbaceki. Arrows indicate neckteeth. A. Adult male (RB); B. Adult parthenogenetic female (K); C. Juvenile male (RB); D. Juvenile female (RB); E. Subadult female (RB), detail of necktooth; F. Head of adult parthenogenetic female (K) in antero-ventral aspect. G. Head of adult ephippial female (K) in dorsal aspect.

FIGURE 8 in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 8. Comparison of ephippial surface ultrastructures. A. Daphnia hrbaceki (K). B. D. curvirostris (LL); detail shown in inset. C. D. tanakai (LM). D. Daphnia sp. (morphotype FLO9) (FL). E. D. minnehaha (ELA). F. D. pulex (CL). G. D. longispina from high-altitude temporary pool (GSB). H. D. longispina from lowland fishpond (I).

FIGURE 7 in A new Central European species of the Daphnia curvirostris complex, Daphnia hrbaceki sp. nov. (Cladocera, Anomopoda, Daphniidae)

FIGURE 7. Comparison of ultrastructures of ephippial dorsal ridges with various development of spinulation or reticulation (indicated by arrows). A, B. Daphnia hrbaceki (K). C. D. curvirostris (H). D. D. tanakai (LM). E. Daphnia sp. (morphotype FLO9) (FL). F. D. minnehaha (ELA).

FIGURE 9. Bootstrap 50 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 9. Bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus phylogenetic tree of Arthrocauda. Bootstrap-support of each branch is indicated.

FIGURE 6. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 6. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912, USA, Maine, Sebago lake: A–B—juvenile female of instar I: A—habitus, lateral view, B—postabdomen; C–D—juvenile female of instar II: C—habitus, lateral view, D—postabdomen; E–H—parthenogenetic female: E–F—habitus, lateral view, G—valve, H—postero-ventral corners of valves, I–J—postabdomen. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, C, E–F, 0.1 mm for B, D, G, I–J, 0.05 mm for H.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 4. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr, рathenogenetic female: A—labrum, B—antennule, C—antenna, D—maxillule, E—limb I, F—ODL and IDL of limb I, Gendites 1 and 2 of limb I, H—limb II, I—exopodite and distal scrapers of limb II, J—exopodite of limb III, K—inner portion of limb III, L—exopodite of limb IV, M—setae 5–6 on exopodite of limb IV, N—inner portion of exopodite IV, O—limb V, Plimb IV. Scale bars: 0.1 for A–C, E–F, H, J, L, O–P, 0.05 mm for D, G, I, K, M–N.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 1. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A–B—juvenile females of instar I and II; C–E—adult parthenogenetic females,E—valve; F—ephippial female; G–H—juvenile males of instar I and II; I—adult male. All are lateral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A–D, F–I, 0.1 mm for D.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 3. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A–B—postabdomens of juvenile females, instar I and II; C–F—adult parthenogenetic female: C—head shield, D—abdominal joint, Epostabdomen, F—denticles of postabdomen, G—postabdominal claw; H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males, instar I and II; J—postabdomen of adult male. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A–C, E and D, 0.05 mm for F–J.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 5. Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A—limb I of juvenile male of instar I; B–C—juvenile male of instar II: B—antennule, C—limb I; D–F—adult male: D—antennule, E– F—limb I, inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of Alonopsis elongata (Sars, 1861), Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A–B—juvenile female of instar I: A—habitus, lateral view, B—head pores; C–H—adult parthenogenetic female: C—habitus, lateral view, D—postroventral corner of valves, E—postabdomen, F—distal denticles of postabdomen, G—postabdominal claws, H—antenna; I–J—adult male: I—habitus, lateral view, J—postabdomen. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A, C, I, 0.05 mm for E, J, 0,02 mm for D, H, 0.01 mm for B, F, G.

FIGURE 8. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 8. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912, USA, Maine, Sebago lake: A–E—thoracic limbs of parthenogenetic female: A–B—exopodite of limb IV and its setae 5–6, C—inner portion of limb IV, D—limb V, E—limb VI; F—outline of male postabdomen, after photo in Kubersky (1997), no scale bar. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, C–E, 0.05 mm for B.

FIGURE 7. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912 in Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 7. Alonopsis aureolata Doolittle, 1912, USA, Maine, Sebago lake, parthenogenetic female: A—head shield, Bmain head pores, C–D—labrum, E—antennula, F—antenna, G–H—thorachic limb I in inner and outer view, I—limb II, Jexopodite of limb III, K–L—inner portion of limb III. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A and C–L, 0.05 mm for B.

FIGURE 1. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980 in Redescription of the rheophilous cladocera Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 1. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980 from stream in Cat Tien National park, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. A, outline of juvenile female of instar II. B, juvenile female of instar II. C–I, adult parthenogenetic female. C–D, lateral view. E, valve. F, postero-ventral corner of valves. G, postabdomen. H, postanal margin of postabdomen. I, postabdominal claw. J, ephippium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A–D, E and E, G. 0.05 mm for F, H–I.