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Fig. 8 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 8. Echinoderes serratulus sp. nov., camera lucida drawings. A, B, Holotype, female (ZIHU-5053), entire animal, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; C, D, allotype, male (ZIHU-5054), segments 9-11, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Double, gray, and black circles indicate sensory spots, type-1 glandular cell outlets, and type-2 glandular cell outlets, respectively. Abbreviations: gco1, type-1 glandular cell outlet; gco2, type-2 glandular cell outlet; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal acicular spine; mlt, midlateral tubule; ps, penile spine; si, sieve plate; sls, sublateral acicular spine; ss, sensory spot.

Fig. 1 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Map of the distribution of Megacrania tsudai and its food plant Pandanus odoratissimus. Megacrania tsudai is distributed in T1 to T3 and S1 to S3. T1: Taiwan, T2: Lyudao Island, T3: Lanyu Island, S1: Iriomote-jima Island, S2: Ishigaki-jima Island, S3: Miyako-jima Island, C1: Okinawa-jima Island, and C2: Amami-Oshima Island. The dashed line shows the northern limit of P. odoratissimus (Nakanishi 1991).

Fig. 1 in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Sampling sites of Sillago shaoi sp. nov. The open circle represents the Tamsui River estuary.

Fig. 3 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 3. The egg-development period according to temperature conditions. Boxes indicate the median with first and third quartiles. Whiskers indicate data points located within a range of 1.5 times the respective interquartiles. Open circles indicate outliers.

Fig. 8. Spawning profiles for S in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 8. Spawning profiles for S. spilurus. The spawning profiles (onset and duration of sporadic and core spawning) for S. spilurus acquired from direct observation and interview to other divers are summarized. Short lines in dark gray and gray indicate high and low tide, respectively.

Fig. 9. Spawning profiles for L in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 9. Spawning profiles for L. bohar. The spawning profiles (onset and duration of sporadic and core spawning) for L. bohar acquired from direct observation and interview to other divers are summarized. Short gray lines indicate high tide.

Fig. 3 in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 3. Frequency distribution (A) and geographical distribution (B) of the frequency ratio of the first note over the second note. The red arrow indicates the quartile. Geographic base map in (B) is from Google Maps (Google, USA).

Fig. 1 in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Spectrograms of the songs of Cuculus optatus and Cuculus saturatus and song terms. The red dashed line indicates the peak frequency of note.

Fig. 3 in Echinoderes landersi Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 3. Statistical parsimony network based on Mc1r haplotypes. Each line between haplotypes indicates one substitution, with the positions of the nucleotide substitutions noted above. * indicates a nonsyonymous substitution. Al, Ta, Gu, and Wu: alleles from the Alishan, Tataka, Guanwu, and Wuling populations, respectively. AlTa: alleles from the Alishan and Tataka populations. WuGu: alleles from the Guanwu and Wuling populations. The stippled background indicates the two northern populations, and the white background indicates the two southern populations.

Fig. 4 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 4. Monthly variation on feeding time in forest layer used. L1= ground level, L2= thick lower layer, L3= average tree layer, L4= upper tree layer, L5= emergent layer of large tree tops.

Fig. 5 in Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 5. Bayesian skyline plots of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and control region (CR) haplotypes for Pacific and Indian Ocean blue marlin. The Bayesian skyline plot is based on cyt b and CR sequence data, in which the x-axis is time and the y-axis is the production (Neμg) of effective population size (Ne), mutation rate (μ), and generation length (g). The median estimate (black line) and 95% highest posterior density (blue lines) limits are displayed.

Fig. 2 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 2. Sicyopus zosterophorum with damage on caudal fin. 27.4 mm SL; DOS02097 (a); the same specimen photographed right after capture in the Xianantian Creek in southeastern Taiwan (b).

Fig. 7 in Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 7. Organogenesis of embryonic development of Sepia pharaonis illustrating the adult body plan. (A) Orientation of the embryo (st. 17) proceeding to organogenesis was already clear and determined. Scale bar: 2 mm. (B) Top view of the animal pole of the embryo in A (red arrow) depicts the upper portion is dorsal (Do) to the embryo and the lower portion is ventral (Ve). The perpendicular axis to the yolk sac facing our view is posterior (P) and the opposite side is anterior (A). I-IV: arm I-IV; A: anterior; An: anus; Ch: cheek pump; Do: dorsal; Os: optic sac; Fu: funnel; Gi: gill; L: left; Ma: mantle; Mo: mouth; P: posterior; R: right; Ss: shell sac; St: statocyst; st: stage; Te: tentacle. Scale bar = 400 nm.

Fig. 1 in Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Reproductive behavior of Sepia pharaonis. (A) Males, exhibiting a pattern with transverse and strongly contrasting white stripes against dark brown skin, escort females after pairing during spawning. A paired male raises the first pair of arms high to express antagonism to other males swimming nearby. (B) When mating, the male and the female change posture from an accompanying pattern to a head-to-head position. Then, the male holds the female with the first pair of arms on the head and the second and third pair of arms supporting the arms of the female. (C) A paired female bends its arms into a fist-like manner (indicated by red dash line) for approximately 30 seconds each time to form the chamber presumably resulting from the above posture for spawning. (D) A paired female extends its arms to convey and lay eggs. Sepia pharaonis repeats steps C and D until spawning is finished. The head-to-head mating behavior also occurs during the intervals of egg-laying.

Fig. 1. Smilosicyopus leprurus. Approximately 5 in Echinoderes galadrielae Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Smilosicyopus leprurus. Approximately 5 cm TL; not preserved. Collected in the Daliu Creek in southeastern Taiwan. Photographed by M.T. Zhou.

Fig. 6 in Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen 2022, sp. nov.

Fig. 6. Gastrulation of embryonic development of Sepia pharaonis. (A-E) Morphological characteristics of embryos for stages 12-16 are illustrated in table 1. (F) When gastrulation towards the vegetal pole is not yet complete, organogenesis has already started to proceed at the animal pole. Os: optic sac; Ss: shell sac; st: stage; Arrow: blastoderm; Arrowhead: arm crown. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934*

FIGURE 5. Light micrographs showing details in neck and trunk morphology of the female holotype of Echinoderes cernunnos sp. nov., NIBR Acc. No. INBRIV0000245082: A, neck and segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, neck and segments 1 and 2, ventral view; C, Segments 5 to 7, middorsal to midlateral regions on right half of tergal plates; D, segments 5 and 6, close-up of middorsal to subdorsal regions on right half of tergal plates; E, segments 9 and 10, close-up of middorsal and subdorsal areas; F, segment 11, focused on left side tergal extension and terminal spines; G, segment 11, focused on midtergal junction; H, segment 11, focused on right side tergal extension. Abbreviations: gco I/II, glandular cell outlet type 1/2; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mds, middorsal spine; ml, midlateral sensory spot; mtj, midtergal junction; mvp, midventral placid; sd (tu/fu), subdorsal sensory spot (with tube-shaped/funnel-shaped subcuticular structure); te, tergal extension; trp, trichoscalid plate. Digits after the labels refer to the segment numbers.

FIGURE 8 in An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934*

FIGURE 8. Diagram of mouth cone (grey shaded area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes microaperturus sp. nov. with indication of inner and outer oral styles, scalid and placid distribution. Placids and trichoscalid plates are symbolized by the black-shaded bent bars and circles around the introvert diagram.

FIGURE 15 in An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934*

FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs showing overview and details in head and trunk morphology of Echinoderes tchefouensis Lou, 1934: A, ventrolateral overview of whole specimen; B, detail of head, showing introvert section 4; C, detail of head showing mouth cone; D, segment 8, lateral view; E, segment 2, dorsolateral view; F, segments 1 and 2, ventral view; G, segment 11 in female, dorsal view; H, segments 11 in male, lateral view. Abbreviations: fp, fringed protuberance; gco II, glandular cell outlet type 2; las, lateral accessory spine; ld, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; md, middorsal sensory spot; mds, middorsal spine; ofs, outer fringe of style basis; oos, outer oral styles; ps, penile spines; sc, scalids; sd, subdorsal sensory spot; sp, spinoscalids; te, tergal extension; tr, trichoscalid; trp, trichoscalid plate; vl, ventrolateral sensory spot. Digits after the labels refer to the introvert ring numbers. Lambda symbols Λ mark attachment point of scalids.

FIGURE 14 in An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934*

FIGURE 14. Light micrographs showing details in neck and trunk morphology of Echinoderes tchefouensis Lou, 1934, displaying male neotype, ZMUC KIN-468 (A–B, D, G), and two other female non-types, ZMUC KIN-469 (C), ZMUC KIN-474 (E–F): A, neck and segments 1 to 2, dorsal view; B, neck and segments 1 to 2, ventral view; C, segments 5 to 8, dorsal view; D, segment 8, focused on laterodorsal gco2; E, segments 7 to 9, ventral view; F, segments 10 to 11 in female, dorsal view; F, segments 10 to 11 spines in male, ventral view. Abbreviations: fp, fringed protuberance; gco I/II, glandular cell outlet type 1/2; las, lateral accessory spine; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; md, middorsal sensory spot; mds, middorsal spine; ps, penile spines; sd, subdorsal sensory spot; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; trp, trichoscalid plate; vl, ventrolateral sensory spot.