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Fig. 1. a in Thieves in the Night: Kleptoparasitism by Fireflies in the GenusPhoturisDejean (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Fig. 1. a) Kleptoparastism by female Photuris sp. on Photinus pyralis as prey, b) After a failed attempt to chase away the kleptoparasitic Photuris, the spider cut both the kleptoparasitic firefly and the wrapped Photinus from the web and commenced web repair while the Photuris continued to feed on the wrapped Photinus firefly from the ground. (Photos by L. Faust).

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Figs. 1–2. 1 in Male Fireflies (Photinus pyralis (Linnaeus) and Photinus sabulosus Green) are at Special Risk of Capture by Spider Predators and are then Stolen by Kleptoparasitic Fireflies in the Genus Photuris Dejean (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Figs. 1–2. 1) A Photuris firefly feeding on a web-wrapped Photinus pyralis; a second P. pyralis has been captured and hangs in the web above the kleptoparasite; 2) Two kleptoparasitic Photuris fireflies feeding on a third Photuris (in the middle between both feeding predators) in a spider web.

Fig. 4 in Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand

Fig. 4. Pteroptyx tener (KU-2013-28-08). A) Dorsal habitus, B) Ventral habitus, C) Apex of abdomen (V5–V7) and elytra, ventral view, D) Dissected apex of abdomen (V5–V7), cleared, ventral view, E) Tergite 8, ventral view, F) Intact abdominal tergites, part of wings and elytra, ventral view, G) Aedeagal sheath, ventral view, H) Aedeagal sheath, left lateral view, I) Aedeagal sheath, dorsal view, J) Aedeagal sheath with aedeagus still contained, dorsal view, K) Aedeagus, dorsal view, L) Aedeagus, left lateral view, M) Aedeagus ventral view, N) Left elytron, ventral view.

Fig. 1 in Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand

Fig. 1. Distribution and habitat of Pteroptyx species in Thailand. A) Map of Thailand with Pteroptyx locations, B) Synchronous flashing display of P. malaccae in Samut Prakan, C) Estuary in Samut Songkhram, D) Mangrove forest in Trat, E) P. asymmetria habitat in Krabi.

Fig. 3 in Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand

Fig. 3. Pteroptyx malaccae (KU-2013-32-17). A) Dorsal habitus, B) Ventral habitus, C) Apex of abdomen (V5–V7) and elytra, ventral view, D) Dissected apex of abdomen (V5–V7), cleared, dorsal view, E) Tergite 8, ventral view, F) Intact abdominal tergites, part of wings and elytra, ventral view, G) Aedeagal sheath, dorsal view, H) Aedeagal sheath, left lateral view, I) Aedeagal sheath, ventral view, J) Aedeagal sheath with aedeagus still contained, ventral view, K) Aedeagus, dorsal view, L) Aedeagus, right lateral view, M) Aedeagus, ventral view, N) Right elytron, ventral view.

Fig. 5 in Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand

Fig. 5. Pteroptyx valida (KU-2012-12-52). A) Dorsal habitus, B) Ventral habitus, C) Apex of abdomen (V5–V7) and elytra, ventral view, D) Dissected apex of abdomen (V5–V7), cleared, dorsal view, E) Tergite 8, ventral view, F) Intact abdominal tergites, part of wings and elytron, dorsal view, G) Aedeagal sheath, ventral view, H) Aedeagal sheath, left lateral view, I) Aedeagal sheath, dorsal view, J) Aedeagal sheath with aedeagus still contained, dorsal view, K) Aedeagus, dorsal view, L) Aedeagus, right lateral view, M) Aedeagus, ventral view, N) Right elytron, ventral view.

Fig. 2 in Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand

Fig. 2. Pteroptyx asymmetria (KU-2012-14-1). A) Dorsal habitus, B) Ventral habitus, C) Head and part of thorax, cventral view, D) Apices of abdomen (V5–V7) and elytra, ventral view, E) Dissected apex of abdomen (V5–V7), cleared, dorsal view, F) Aedeagal sheath, dorsal view, G) Aedeagal sheath, left lateral view, H) Aedeagal sheath, ventral view, I) Tergite 8, ventral view, J) Aedeagus, ventral view, K) Aedeagus, right lateral view, L) Aedeagus, dorsal view, M) Right elytron, ventral view.

Fig. 2b in Species Delineation of Malaysian Mangrove Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) using DNA Barcodes

Fig. 2b. Continued neighbor joining tree of partial COI gene sequences (DNA barcode) for male firefly species based on genetic distances calculated with the Kimura 2 parameter model. Habitus image of Pteroptyx mangrove firefly is shown next to species name.

Fig. 3 in Species Delineation of Malaysian Mangrove Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) using DNA Barcodes

Fig. 3. Female and larval association of firefly species in Malaysia. Process IDs (MYFI) with species names are males; an asterisk (*) denotes a female; an octothorpe (#) denotes larva. Numbers on branches are bootstrap values>50%.

Fig. 2a in Species Delineation of Malaysian Mangrove Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) using DNA Barcodes

Fig. 2a. Partial neighbor joining tree of partial COI gene sequences (DNA barcode) for male firefly species based on genetic distances calculated with the Kimura 2 parameter model. Habitus images of mangrove fireflies of the genus Pteroptyx are shown next to the name of species.

Fig. 1 in Species Delineation of Malaysian Mangrove Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) using DNA Barcodes

Fig. 1. Firefly collection sites in Malaysia. Circles are mangrove sites; triangles are riparian sites outside of the mangrove ecosystem. Inset: relative location of Malaysia in Southeast Asia.

FIGURES 9–13 in Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable new firefly genus and species from the Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FIGURES 9–13. Memoan ciceroi gen. nov. et sp. nov.: 9, abdomen, left lateral; 10 abdomen, ventral (anterior end to left of page). 11, Detail of the abdomen, dorsal (arrows shows the dorsal spiracles); 12, aedeagal sheath: sintergite, dorsal and sternite IX, ventral (anterior ends to bottom of page). 13, aedeagus, dorsal.

FIGURES 4–5 in Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable new firefly genus and species from the Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FIGURES 4–5. Memoan ciceroi gen. nov. et sp. nov.: 4, head and thorax, ventral. Note the subcontiguous eyes and the conspicuous sutures between mesosternum and mesanepisternum, and between the mesanepisternum and mesanepimerum. 5, Mouthparts. Note the one-segmented labial palps.

FIGURES 6–8 in Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable new firefly genus and species from the Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FIGURES 6–8. Memoan ciceroi gen. nov. et sp. nov.: 6, apical antennomeres. Note the fusion between the two apical-most antennomeres. 7, pronotum and elytral base, dorsal. Note the deep punctuation all along the pronotum, scutellum and elytra; and the pronotal parassagital, posterior elevations. 8, right wing.

FIGURES 1–3 in Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable new firefly genus and species from the Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

FIGURES 1–3. Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., holotype male from Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: 1, habitus dorsal; 2, habitus ventral; 3, head, frontal view, which shows the fusion of the fronto-clypeus and the labrum.

FIGURE 28 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 28. Number of emergent adults of Abs. terminalis from Laboratory rearing across a one month period (Photoperiod= 12:12, Temperature 25 °C, humidity 70–80%.)

FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female.

FIGURE 25. Abs. terminalis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 25. Abs. terminalis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D part of labium, maxilla and left antenna; E larva. (A anterior view slightly to one side with ventral surface uppermost; B, E, dorsal; C, D ventral). A1 antennal segment 1; A2 antennal segment 2; A3 antennal segment 3; SC sensory cone; LP labial palp; G galea; MXP maxillary palpus.

FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo.

FIGURE 27 in Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)

FIGURE 27. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. terminalis (Scale bar = 5mm). A 3-day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266s); B 3-day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439s); C 3-day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490s); D 7-day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301s).