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Figs 1–8 in A Characterisation Of The Pair Forming Acoustic Signals Of Isophya Harzi (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropteridae)
Figs 1–8. Oscillograms showing the amplitude modulation pattern of the calling songs of three males of Isophya harzi (male1: 1, 4, 7, 8; male2: 2, 5; male3: 3, 6) at three different time resolution (1–3; 4–6; 7–8). All recordings were made indoor at an ambient temperature of 26.1 °C.
Fig. 9 in A Characterisation Of The Pair Forming Acoustic Signals Of Isophya Harzi (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropteridae)
Fig. 9. Frequency spectrum of the male calling song of Isophya harzi (FFT size 2048, window-function Blackmann-Harris) based on a sound sample recorded using a Pettersson D240x ultrasound de-
Figure 4 in Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Morocco: Comparative assessment of three diagnostic methods and characterization of parasite forms in Jones' culture medium
Figure 4. Observation under the light microscope (×400) of different forms of cultured Blastocystis sp. in Jones' medium. Panel A: Different sizes of the vacuolar form. Panel B: Granular form (blue arrow) and cystic form (black arrow). Panel C: Granular form (blue arrow) and vacuolar form (red arrow). Panel D: Granular form (black arrow) and vacuolar form (red arrow) stained with methylene blue. Panel E: Illustrates the process of transformation of vacuolar cells into multivacuolar forms in culture, showing the division of the central vacuole into smaller vacuoles. Panel D: Different aspects of the amoeboid form with the presence of a single or several pseudopodia (red arrow).
Figure 5 in Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Morocco: Comparative assessment of three diagnostic methods and characterization of parasite forms in Jones' culture medium
Figure 5. Representative gel image of PCR products from Blastocystis isolates. Lanes 1 to 13: Blastocystis isolates; lane NC: negative control; lane PC: positive control; DNA ladder – 50 bp.
Figure 3 in Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Morocco: Comparative assessment of three diagnostic methods and characterization of parasite forms in Jones' culture medium
Figure 3. Various forms of Blastocystis sp. were observed under the light microscope during the direct examination of stool specimens. Panel A: Vacuolar form (red arrow) and cyst form (black arrow) of Blastocystis in an unstained wet mount. N: Nuclei situated at the periphery of the organism. C. b: Central body. Panels B, C, and D: Vacuolar form (red arrow), Granular form (blue arrow), and cyst form (black arrow) stained with Lugol's iodine (×400).
Figure 2 in Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Morocco: Comparative assessment of three diagnostic methods and characterization of parasite forms in Jones' culture medium
Figure 2. Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. infection on its own or in conjunction with other protozoan species.
Рис. 2. Низина Λевобережья НТТ в виΑе параΛΛеΛьных берегу моря ваΛов и небоΛьших понижений, вытянутых в северо-восточном направΛении, с характерной раститеΛьностью Fig. 2. The lowland of the left Bank of the LRT in the form of parallel to the seashore shafts and small depressions, elongated in a North-Eastern direction, with characteristic vegetation in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River
Рис. 2. Низина Λевобережья НТТ в виΑе параΛΛеΛьных берегу моря ваΛов и небоΛьших понижений, вытянутых в северо-восточном направΛении, с характерной раститеΛьностью Fig. 2. The lowland of the left Bank of the LRT in the form of parallel to the seashore shafts and small depressions, elongated in a North-Eastern direction, with characteristic vegetation
Рис. 1. Устье р. Туманной (Λевый берег). ВиΑны постоянно Αействующий (А) и формирую- щийся (Б) воΑотоки, сбрасывающие воΑу из озера Αебяжьего Fig. 1. The mouth of the Tumannaya river (left bank). Visible permanent (A) and forming (B) watercourses that discharge water from lake Lebyazhye in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River
Рис. 1. Устье р. Туманной (Λевый берег). ВиΑны постоянно Αействующий (А) и формирую- щийся (Б) воΑотоки, сбрасывающие воΑу из озера Αебяжьего Fig. 1. The mouth of the Tumannaya river (left bank). Visible permanent (A) and forming (B) watercourses that discharge water from lake Lebyazhye
FIGURE 6. The handle form 1. A in The challenge of hard-to-reach spaces in mechanical fossil preparation: Development of the Wada air scribe, a novel short-bodied air scribe with an adjustable handle
FIGURE 6. The handle form 1. A, production process. The component numbers correspond to those in Figure 2; B, the handle in right lateral view; C, the handle in top view; D, the handle with the socket head screw (M4) in bottom view; E, the handle in left lateral view.
FIGURE 7. The handle form 2. A in The challenge of hard-to-reach spaces in mechanical fossil preparation: Development of the Wada air scribe, a novel short-bodied air scribe with an adjustable handle
FIGURE 7. The handle form 2. A, production process of the support rod; B, production process of the body holder; C, the support rod in right lateral view; D, the support rod in top view; E. the support rod in bottom view; F, the support rod in front view; G, the body holder in right lateral view; H, the body holder in front view. The component numbers correspond to those in Figure 2.
FIGURE 9. The Wada air scribe with handle forms 1 in The challenge of hard-to-reach spaces in mechanical fossil preparation: Development of the Wada air scribe, a novel short-bodied air scribe with an adjustable handle
FIGURE 9. The Wada air scribe with handle forms 1 (A-C) and 2 (D-F) at a straight angle (0 degrees) (A and D) and a right angle (90 degrees) (B and D), respectively. Using a closed-cell polyurethane foam sleeve cover to encase the handles can effectively reduce the impact on the hand (C and F).
Data from: Tree growth-forms reveal dominant browsers shaping the vegetation
<p>This data repository belongs to the publication "Tree growth-forms reveal dominant browsers shaping the vegetation" by Churski et al. in Functional Ecology</p> <p>Authors Marcin Churski<sup>1</sup>, Dries P.J. Kuijper<sup>1</sup>, Katharina Semmelmayer<sup>1</sup>, William J. Bond<sup>2</sup>, Joris P.G.M. Cromsigt<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup>, Yan Wang<sup>5</sup> & Tristan Charles-Dominique<sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></p> <p>Author for correspondence: Marcin Churski email: <a href="mailto:mchurski@ibs.bialowieza.pl">mchurski@ibs.bialowieza.pl</a></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Stoczek 1, 17-230 Białowieża; <sup>2</sup>University of Cape Town, HW Pearson Building, University Ave N, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701; <sup>3</sup>SLU, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; <sup>4</sup>Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; <sup>5</sup>Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; <sup>6</sup>AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France; <sup>7</sup>CNRS UMR7618; Sorbonne University; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris; 4, place Jussieu 75005 PARIS</p> <div> <h4>Summary</h4> <a href="https://github.com/mripasteam/transformers#summary"></a></div> <ul> <li>Plants adopt particular growth-forms when they are exposed to extreme environmental conditions. In this study, we describe a unique woody plant growth-form induced by large mammalian herbivores and discuss that this growth-form could have evolved as a strategy for escaping the browser zone in herbivore driven ecosystems.</li> <li>We analysed responses of key architectural and morphological attributes (branching and thorn density, tree dimensions, presence of flowers and fruits) of three Eurasian spiny tree species (Malus sylvestris, Prunus cerasifera, Pyrus pyraster) to different levels of browsing by large herbivores in the temperate Białowieża Forest, Poland.</li> <li>Under high browsing pressure, studied trees displayed two distinct forms of the crown: a bottom sterile part developing into a densely branched structure with high density of thorns (‘cage-form’), and an upper reproductive part that escaped from herbivore control (‘escaped-form’). The size of cage-form influenced the feeding behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) by increasing the time deer spend foraging and increasing the bite rate. The height at which cages started to escape and their diameter matched with foraging reach of red deer.</li> <li>Synthesis. We argue that the frequency and cage dimensions of this woody growth-form in the landscape could inform on the type and intensity of recent herbivory. Moreover, its distinctive inducibility suggests that this growth-form did not emerge recently under anthropogenic pressure but could be the legacy of ancient herbivory effects. Observational evidence suggests that this growth-form emerged in several herbivore-driven systems around the globe and may be used to identify the dominant herbivores that control vegetation structure in these ecosystems.</li> </ul> <p>Data</p> <p>The table 'cage_traits.csv' contains data on morphological traits measured on individual trees and was used to describe the key architectural attributes defining the cage and escape forms (trapped branches vs. escaped branches), test if the cage form is induced by mammalian herbivores or not and if the dimensions of the cage form could inform on which animal induced them.</p> <div> <pre><code>Column headers description: N_Protocol: Tree ID Status: if the tree individual grow taller than animal reach (escaped or trapped) Species: tree species Branch_N: observed branch ID Length: branch length (cm) N_Thorns: number of thorns N_Twigs: number of twigs Longest_thorn: the length of longest thorn on the branch (mm) N_browsed_Twigs: Number of browsed twigs (1) vs non browsed (0) twigs on a branch Branch_esc: branch position, "escape" indicates the branch growing on the escaped part of a tree FlowerOrFruit: flower or fruit number found on the branch BDI: branch density index. It is calculated by twigs number divided by branch length Thorn_density:Thorn number divided by branch length BrowRate: observed number of browsed_Twigs divided by branch length Bite: 1 indicates the branch was browsed, 0 indicated the branch was not browsed. browsing_environment: if the tree is exposed to high browsing environment or not. </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <p>The table 'foraging_time_barplot.csv' contains camera trap data on total foraging time of all the animal on all the tree species and was used to answer the question how the presence of cage form affect herbivore foraging behaviour. This data set was specifically used to produce the bar plot in Figure 5C.</p> <div> <pre><code>Column headers description: N_Protocol : Tree ID animal_species : observed animal species Species: tree species Foraging_time: observed total foraging time. </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <p>The table 'foraging_time.csv' contains camera trap data on total foraging time of all the animal on all the tree species and was used to answer the question how the presence of cage form affect herbivore foraging behaviour.</p> <div> <pre><code>Column headers description: N_Protocol: Tree ID Total_foraging_time: total record foraging time per tree individual Total_bite_rate : bite rate per tree individual Bite_rate : bite rate per tree branch BDI: branch density index. Foraging_time_av: record foraging time per tree branch Surface: the surface of the crown </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <p>The table 'escape_height.csv' contains data on individual tree heights in relation to their status (escaped vs trapped). This data set was used to test if the dimensions of the cage form could inform on which animal induced them.</p> <div> <pre><code>Column headers description: N_Protocol: Tree ID Status: if the tree individual grow taller than animal reach Species: Tree species Height: Tree height</code></pre> </div>
FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D-models of Cambarellus diminutus sample C7tank in combination with 3D-models of calcite clusters, which precipitated inside the carcass during its decomposition in freshwater. 1.1 3D-model without calcite clusters on day 1. 1.2 3D-model on day 2 showing a small amount of calcite clusters inside the cephalothorax and the first tergite. 1.3 3D-model on day 4 showing a lot of calcite clusters inside the antennules, the left major propodus, the rostrum, the cephalothorax, the tergites, the uropods, and the telson. 1.4 3D-model on day 7, showing widespread calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace of the carcass except the dorsal side of the cephalothorax and the tergites (see also Figure.4.1). 3D-models were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.
FIGURE 6. 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 6. 3D-models and SEM-images of sample C3tank. 6.1 3D-model of the whole crayfish in dorso-lateral view. 6.2 3D-model of the chela of the first left pereiopod in combination with a SEM-image of the calcified muscle of the dactyl. 6.3 SEM-image of a calcified muscle from the inside of the dactyl of the chela of the first left pereiopod. 3Dmodels were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.
FIGURE 5 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 5. SEM-images of several diverse calcite structures which precipitated inside the carcasses. 5.1 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers. 5.2 and 5.3 Spherical structures. 5.4 Elliptical structure which is tapering at the left side. 5.5 Complex structure. 5.6 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers.
FIGURE 8 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 8. Hypothetical scenarios of calcium dissolution and precipitation of calcite clusters inside decomposing crayfish without (8.1-2) and with gastroliths in tank water (8.3-4). 8.1 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by an enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity release dissolved calcium ions which migrate out of the carapace into the body cavity and into the environment (red arrows). 8.2 Increase of the pH-value inside the carcass caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction result in a precipitation of calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace, consisting of previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers. 8.3 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity resulted in an accumulation of dissolved calcium ions (red arrows). In addition, low pH conditions inside the stomach and decay of the "gastrolith-cavity-membrane" resulted in dissolving calcium ions from the gastroliths. 8.4 An increase of the pHvalue inside the carcass, along the inner side of the carapace, caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction resulted in a precipitation of calcite clusters by previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers and gastroliths.
FIGURE 7 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater
FIGURE 7. Representative Raman spectra of a mineralized muscle of Cambarellus diminutus (sample C3tank) and observed crystal clusters compared to Raman reference spectra of crystalline calcite and apatite, taken from the RRUFF Raman data base (*R040170, #R060070, Laetsch and Downs, 2006). Raman spectra of the mineralized muscle as well as of the crystal cluster exhibit all main Raman bands typically observed in well crystallized calcite, including the lattice modes, which are absent in amorphous calcium carbonate (Wang et al., 2011).
Figure 5 in Comparative anatomical studies on the cranial nerves of the fully formed embryos of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Ostiechthyes-Cichlidae). I. Nervus glossopharyngeus
Figure 5. Photomicrograph of part of a transverse section of Oreochromis niloticus passing through the postotic region showing the petrosal ganglion and the origin of the rami pretrematic and posttrematic of nervus glossopharyngeus from the ganglion. The sympathetic nerve and sympathetic branch are also shown. X60.
Figure 2 in Comparative anatomical studies on the cranial nerves of the fully formed embryos of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Ostiechthyes-Cichlidae). I. Nervus glossopharyngeus
Figure 2. Photomicrograph of part of a transverse section of Oreochromis niloticus passing through the postorbital region showing the origin of the root of nervus glossopharyngeus. X40.
Figure 6 in Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress
Figure 6. Shoot dry biomass (SDB) (A and B) and production (PP) (C) of Italian zucchini plants fertilized with different forms of nitrogen (♦ Nitrate and Ammonium) and irrigated with saline waters (B). Means followed by different letters indicate difference by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. * = Significant at 0.05 probability level (p<0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.