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12,799 results for “Immunization”
Data from: Immune challenge reduces daily activity period in free-living birds for three weeks
<p>Non-lethal infections are common in free-living animals and the associated sickness behaviours can impact crucial life-history trade-offs. However, little is known about the duration and extent of such sickness behaviours in free-living animals, and consequently how this affects life-history decisions. Here, free-living Eurasian blackbirds <em>Turdus merula</em> were immune-challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a bacterial infection, and their behaviour was monitored for up to 48 days using accelerometers. As expected, immune-challenged birds were less active than controls within the first 24 hours. Unexpectedly, this reduced activity remained detectable for 20 days, before both groups returned to similar activity levels. Furthermore, activity was positively correlated with a pre-experimental index of complement activity, but only in immune-challenged birds, suggesting that sickness behaviors are modulated by constitutive immune function. Differences in daily activity levels stemmed from immune-challenged birds resting earlier at dusk than control birds, while activity levels between groups were similar during core daytime hours. Overall, activity was reduced by 19% in immune-challenged birds and they were on average almost 1 hour less active per day for 20 days. This unexpected longevity in sickness behaviour may have severe implications during energy-intense annual-cycle stages (e.g., breeding, migration, winter). Thus, our data help to understand the consequences of non-lethal infections on free-living animals.</p>
Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways
<p>Mass spectrometry-based proteomics source data.</p>
Corticosterone treatment results in fat deposition and body mass maintenance without effects on feeding behaviour or immunity in female lizards (Tropidurus catalanensis)
<p>In different life history stages, animals must maintain homeostasis through predictable, unpredictable and/or challenging events. Glucocorticoids (GC), hormones released in response to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis activation, promote various behavioural and physiological adjustments on a daily manner; and in order to restore balance, after facing stressors. When GC are elevated for an extended period and in high concentrations, characterizing a chronic exposure, it can lead to deleterious effects on animals’ physiology, such as accumulation of fat bodies, changes in feeding behaviour and suppression of immune function. We aim to elucidate the effects of chronic corticosterone exposure and body condition index (BI) in fat deposition, feeding behaviour and immune function in <em>Tropidurus catalanensis</em>’ females. Thirty animals were divided in three groups: 1. Control (no experimental procedure was performed); 2. Empty Implant (animals surgically received an empty silastic tube); and 3. CORT Implant (animals surgically received one silastic tube filled with CORT). Blood samples were collected throughout the experiment to assess CORT plasma levels, total and differential leukocyte count, bacterial killing ability (BKA), and hemagglutination titer. An immune challenge using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was conducted to measure innate and adaptive immune response. Feeding behaviour and fat bodies were also evaluated. After implantation, CORT treated animals maintained a stable body mass through weeks of captivity, while Control and Empty Implant groups displayed weight loss. In the CORT treated animals, there was also a positive relation between BI and fat bodies, and higher fat bodies deposition when compared to groups 1 and 2. No effects of CORT treatment were observed on immune response or feeding behaviour.</p>
Data for: Intraspecific variation for host immune activation by the spider mite Tetranychus evansi
<p>Many parasites can interfere with their host's defences to maximize their fitness. Here, we investigated if there is heritable variation in the spider mite <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>evansi</em> for traits associated with how they interact with their host plant. We also determined if this variation correlates with mite fecundity. <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>evansi</em> can interfere with jasmonate (JA) defences which are the main determinant of anti-herbivore immunity in plants. We investigated (i) variation in fecundity in the presence and absence of JA defences, making use of a wild-type tomato cultivar and a JA-deficient mutant (<em>defenseless</em>-<em>1</em>), and (ii) variation in the induction of JA defences, in four <em>T. evansi</em> field populations and 59 inbred lines created from an outbred population originating from controlled crosses of the four field populations. We observed a strong positive genetic correlation between fecundity in the presence (on wild-type) and the absence of JA defences (on <em>defenseless</em>-<em>1</em>). However, fecundity did not correlate with the magnitude of induced JA defences in wild-type plants. Our results suggest that the performance of the specialist <em>T. evansi</em> is not related to their ability to manipulate plant defences, either because all lines can adequately reduce levels of defences, or because they are resistant to them.</p>
Immune stimulation induced changes to the native gut microbiota of bumble bees
<p>Understanding factors influencing the maintenance and membership of beneficial host-associated microbial communities is central to understanding ecological, evolutionary, and health consequences of these communities for their hosts. Host immunity is often implicated as a potential regulator of these microbiota. However, conversely, immunity may play a disruptive role, with immune responses to infection causing collateral damage. Such effects may be more prominent from innate immune responses, with more rapid-acting and relatively non-specific components. We investigated how upregulation of antibacterial immunity in the bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>impatiens</em> affects the core gut microbiota, testing the hypothesis of immunity-induced perturbation of the beneficial microbiota structure. Freshly emerged adult bees received a native microbiota inoculation before being subjected to non-pathogenic immune stimulation treatments. We quantified the microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and targeted qPCR. We find colonization of the core member <em>Gilliamella</em> is altered by immune stimulation treatment. Additionally, a positive association in communities between <em>Gilliamella</em> and another core bacteria, <em>Snodgrassella</em> <em>alvi</em>, is perturbed. These changes are indicative of immune-response-induced dysbiosis. As such, the potential for collateral perturbation of beneficial microbial communities upon a host's innate immune response may contribute to immune costs, shaping the evolutionary optimization of immune investment.</p>
Single-Cell Mapping Reveals Several Immune Subsets Associated with Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
<p>Identifying a metastasis-correlated immune cell composition within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will help to develop promising and innovative therapeutic strategies. Twenty-six samples from 11 patients (including 11 primary tumor tissues, 10 blood, and 5 lymph nodes) with different stages were used to develop a multiscale immune profile. High-dimensional single-cell analysis with mass cytometry was performed to search for metastasis-correlated immune changes in the microenvironment.</p> <p>The details about the files uploaded are as follows:</p> <p>1. panelA_Blood.zip includes 10 .fcs files from blood samples in Panel A;</p> <p>2. panelA_LN.zip includes 5 .fcs files from lymph node samples in Panel A;</p> <p>3. panelA_Tumor.zip includes 11 .fcs files from tumor tissue samples in Panel A;</p> <p>4. panelB_Tumor.zip includes 11 .fcs files from tumor tissue samples in Panel B;</p> <p>5. panel_metadata.xlsx describes marker used in Panel A and B;</p> <p>6. sample_metadata.xlsx describes detailed sample information.</p>
Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance
<p><strong>Processed datasets for publication at <em>BMC Genomics</em>.</strong></p> <p>We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n=6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2hr LPS; LPS2) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6+6hr; LPS6:6) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24hr LPS; LPS24). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve; UT). We performed total RNA-seq and ATAC-seq for monocytes across these treatment conditions.</p> <p>The following processed datasets include the raw and normalised count data for each gene or ATAC peak, and the bedGraph and bigWig format for genome-wide signal data. [ bigWig files for RNA-seq (monocytes_*_mean.bw); bigWig files for ATAC-seq (Monocyte_ATAC_*_mean_normalised.by.1/size.factor.bw); bedgraph files for eRNA visualization (*RPKM_FR.bedgraph.gz); raw and normalised count files for ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data (Monocyte.featureCounts_RNAseq.txt.gz; Monocyte_filtered_log2.normalized_RNAseq_counts.txt.gz; Meta.file.txt.gz; Monocyte_raw.counts_ATACseq.txt.gz.).]</p> <p><strong>Data curator:</strong></p> <p>Ping Zhang</p> <p> </p>
The plant toxin 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate decreases herbivore performance and modulate cellular and humoral immunity
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Insect herbivores frequently encounter plant defense molecules, but the physiological and ecological consequences for their immune systems are not fully understood. The majority of studies attempting to relate levels of plant defensive chemistry to herbivore immune responses have used natural population or species-level variation in plant defensive chemistry. Yet, this potentially confounds the effects of plant defense chemistry with other potential traits that may affect the expression of herbivore immunity such as development time and nutritional quality. We have used an artificial diet containing known quantities of a plant toxin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate; 4MSOB-ITC or ITC), an isothiocyanate present in many plants in the genus <em>Brassica</em>, to explicitly explore the effects of a plant toxin on the cellular and humoral immune responses of the generalist herbivore <em>Trichoplusia ni</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) that frequently feeds on glucosinolate-containing plants. Caterpillars feeding on diets with high concentrations of ITC experienced reduced survivorship and growth rates. High concentrations of ITC suppressed the appearance of several types of hemocytes and melanization activity, which are critical defenses against parasitic Hymenoptera and microbial pathogens. In terms of </span><em><span>T. ni</span></em><span> humoral immunity, only </span><span>the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes <em>lebocin</em> and <em>gallerimycin </em>were significantly upregulated in caterpillars fed on diets </span><span>containing high levels of 4MSOB-ITC relative to caterpillars that were provided with ITC-free diet</span><span>. Surprisingly, challenging </span><span>caterpillars</span><span> </span><span>with a non-pathogenic strain of </span><em><span>Escherichia coli</span></em><span> resulted in the upregulation of the AMP gene <em>cecropin</em>. Feeding on high concentrations of plant toxins hindered caterpillar development and decreased cellular immunity but conferred mixed effects on humoral immunity. Our findings provide novel insights into the effects of herbivore diet composition on insect performance demonstrating the role of specific plant defense toxins that shape herbivore immunity and trophic interactions. </span></p>
Data from: Desmoplastic stroma restricts T cell extravasation and mediates immune exclusion and immunosuppression in solid tumors
<p>In this study, we used our modified <span>precision-cut tumor slice assay of tumors treated with CAR T cells <em>in vivo </em></span><span>prior to harvest and harvested at different time-points post-treatment, which can better reflect the behavior of CAR T cells in the TME </span><em>in vivo</em><span>.</span></p>
Localizing Commitments, Challenges, and Insights on the Road to Immunization Agenda 2030: Responses from 6,185 national and sub-national staff (Immunization Agenda 2030 Full Learning Cycle, 7 March - 20 June 2022)
<p># Localizing Commitments, Challenges, and Insights on the Road to Immunization Agenda 2030: Responses from 6,185 national and sub-national staff (Immunization Agenda 2030 Full Learning Cycle, 7 March - 20 June 2022)</p> <p>## Abstract<br> This data set contains survey responses from over 6,000 national and subnational immunization staff who applied to participate in a 2022 Full Learning Cycle (FLC) learning programme of The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF), intended to contribute to the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030. The 95-item questionnaire collected information on respondents' commitment to the movement's principles, demographics, work challenges, motivation and learning culture, and the impact of COVID-19 on routine immunization. The purpose was to understand applicants' priority challenges and readiness to engage in peer learning to advance country and global immunization goals. Questions addressed consent, identity confirmation, COVID-19 vaccination status, employer, role, system level, past participation in the sponsoring organization's programs, work and wellbeing, difficulties with COVID-19 vaccination, outbreak response, gender equity, and reaching zero-dose children. Applicants identified one priority challenge in their work that they would seek to address through the program. This data set offers insights into frontline perspectives on strengthening immunization programs. Secondary analysess were performed in 2022 and 2023 to illuminate human resource issues, gender barriers, pandemic recovery, and peer learning for change.</p> <p>## Research Audience</p> <p>Education and global health researchers with interest in human resources for health (HRH) and the characteristics, priority challenges, and experiences of national and sub-national immunization staff participating in the Movement for Immunization Agenda (IA) 2030.</p> <p>## Credits</p> <p>### Author</p> <p>The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF)<br> 18 Avenue Louis Casaï <br> CH1209 Geneva, Switzerland<br> research@learning.foundation</p> <p>### Principal Investigator and Corresponding Author<br> Reda Sadki, TGLF<br> reda@learning.foundation</p> <p>### Project Partners<br> - Biostat Global Consulting (BGC)<br> - Bridges to Development<br> - Centre for Change & Complexity in Learning (C3L)</p> <p>### Partners' Roles and Responsibilities<br> - Design: TGLF<br> - Implementation (sample collection): TGLF<br> - Processing: TGLF, C3L<br> - Anonymization: BGC<br> - Data cleaning: Bridges to Development<br> - Submission: TGLF<br> - Maintenance of learning analytics database where data are stored: C3L</p> <p>### Funding<br> Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)</p> <p>## Recommended Citation<br> The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. Full Learning Cycle (2022) Application for national and sub-national immunization staff to identify challenges and join the Movement for Immunization Agenda (IA 2030) (Version 1.0) [Data Set]. The Geneval Learning Foundation. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8199552](https://zenodo.org/record/8199552)</p> <p>## File List<br> IA2030_EN_FLC_2022_Application_Survey.README.md (this document)</p> <p>20220211.IA2030-EN Movement application-FINAL.docx: List of questions included in the questionnaire. (Note: skip patterns are not shown.)</p> <p>IA2030_EN_Application_Survey_Dataset.xlsx: English version of anonymized Application Survey Dataset. Version 1: Geneva Learning Foundation, 11 August 2023. (6,669 observations; 58 variables)</p> <p>## Related Data Sets<br> This is a subset of data collected by The Geneva Learning Foundation (TGLF) during the first IA2030 Full Learning Cycle (FLC). The complete IA2030 Application Survey data set is more comprehensive, and includes information such as respondents' gender, employer, professional role, country, and health system level, as well as responses to open-text questions. </p> <p>Researchers who would like to analyze the full set of unredacted responses are invited to contact the Geneva Learning Foundation to inquire about a Data Sharing Agreement that would stipulate conditions of access (insights@learning.foundation).</p> <p>The Geneva Learning Foundation, 2023. Value Creation Stories (VCS) weekly feedback survey, 2022 Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) (Version 1.0). [Data Set]. The Geneva Learning Foundation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763922 </p> <p>Additional data sets for the first Full Learning Cycle (FLC) of the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) are available from TGLF's Insights Unit (<insights@learning.foundation>).</p> <p>## Survey Purpose</p> <p>The Immunization Agenda 2030, the global immunization strategy for 2021-2030, set ambitious targets for global immunization coverage and other key indicators (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023a).</p> <p>In response to the WHO Director-General's call for a social movement to ensure immunization remains a priority for global and regional health agendas and promote broad societal support for immunization (WHO, 2023b), TGLF, working with its global community of over 35,000 alumni, developed a learning programme intended to contribute to a “Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030)”.</p> <p>In addition to participating in structured peer learning activities, applicants made a pledge to work towards IA2030 and their country's goals, adhere to the IA2030 core principles, and to provide support to their peers making similar commitments.</p> <p>The purpose of the IA2030 Application Survey was to collect demographic and organizational information from immunization workers who work at the national or sub-national level interested in applying for the 2022 Learning Cycle and for membership in the Movement for IA2030.</p> <p>## Survey Questionnaire<br> The survey questionnaire consisted of both quantitative (Likert) and qualitative (open-text) responses to 95 questions documenting respondents' commitment to joining the Movement for IA2030 and adhering to relevant principles, demographic characteristics, information about work history and role, work and well-being, learning culture and performance, COVID-19 recovery efforts through vaccination campaigns and routine immunization (including outreach), priority work-related challenges, and most important reason for wanting to join the Movement for IA2030.</p> <p>Survey content was informed by TGLF's six years of experience working with thousands of immunization workers from over 90 countries.</p> <p>The survey was administered in English and French. While most of questions were required, several items, including questions about work and well-being and COVID-19 vaccination status, were optional.</p> <p>### Question Scaling and Response Options<br> Most questions were asked with a 'select one response' instruction, but several encouraged the respondent to 'select all that apply'.<br> - AP_CAR_20 Which of these job categories apply to you?<br> - AP_ENV_55 Where you work, what strategies have been put in place to reach under immunized or zero-dose children?<br> - AP_CHA_63 Is your challenge related to any of these?<br> - AP_ENV_78 What actions are being taken at your level of the health system to strengthen RI or PHC that specifically takes advantage of some aspect of COVID-19 vaccine introduction?<br> - AP_ENV_87 Select all activities used for catch-up.<br> - AP_ENV_91 What were the disruptions related to?</p> <p>Each person's several responses are stored in a single text variable and separated by commas. Some data management will be necessary to divide these strings of text into individual variables to represent each response option.</p> <p>## Overview of questionnaire for respondents<br> The following information was shared with all applicants to provide an overview of the questions and their rationale.</p> <p>First, we ask you for:<br> - Consent to share your data, to confirm your supervisor’s support, and to make commitments to follow country and WHO guidelines on COVID-19 and immunization<br> - Your legal name and birthdate to confirm your identity for certification.<br> - Your WhatsApp number to connect you with other participants in the Movement.<br> - Your organization, role, and health system level, and if you are a TGLF alum.<br> - We ask you about your work and well-being: Before we ask you about the challenges you face, we ask about your work and well-being, especially your motivation and how learning is being supported where you work.<br> - We ask about the challenges you face: In 2020, global immunization coverage levels for infants dropped back to 2009 levels. It is like we lost 11 years of hard work. So we ask you about the challenges you face: COVID-19 vaccination, epidemic outbreaks (measles, yellow fever, etc.), gender barriers, and zero-dose children.<br> - We ask you to pick the challenge that you will work on in the Movement: Then we ask you to identify your most difficult and important challenge. This is the one that you will focus on in the Movement. (You can always change later.)<br> - Are you truly committed to learning with colleagues from all over the world? Because the Movement is about learning, sharing experience, and collaborating with others, we ask you to confirm to what extent this is what you want to do.<br> - We ask you to share your successes, ideas, and lessons learned: Because we know that you have many strengths, we ask you if you want to share a success story, and idea, or a lesson learned with colleagues.<br> - We ask you if you want to help build and shape the Movement for IA2030: We ask you if you want to join the Organizing Committee to help build the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030.<br> - Global partners request your help: Finally, we ask you to answer questions that IA2030 global partners are specifically interested in, about the effect of COVID-19 on routine immunization, catch-up activities, and your own COVID-19 vaccination. (You can choose to skip these questions.)</p> <p>### Specific questions that respondents were encouraged to reflect upon before writing out their answers<br> - Tell us more about your work and well-being. What are the worst and best parts of your job? Where do you find the motivation to continue your work? What helps you feel involved in your work? How has the COVID-19 pandemic changed how you feel about your work? What makes you lose or gain your motivation? <br> - Tell us more about the effect of the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine for routine immunization (RI) and primary health care (PHC) services in the area where you work. Explain what has happened. What measures, if any, have been taken to mitigate disruptions or potential disruptions to health workers involvement in routine immunization due to COVID-19 vaccination activities where you work?<br> - Do you have a story about gender barriers to immunization that you would like to share?<br> - Tell us more about what you are doing to reach zero-dose children and missed communities. <br> - Tell us more about how we can better support you. What are the barriers for you to tackle the challenge you face? For your challenge, what kind of support would be most helpful to you? Why? Tell us more about your motivation to join the Movement for Immunization Agenda 2030. What do you hope to gain? What do you want to contribute? How will participating in this Movement help you improve your work?<br> - Do you have something that you want to share with colleagues? What you share does not need to be a “big” idea. We are interested in what you are doing that helps you to continue or improve your immunization work, even in a small way.</p> <p>## Ethical Considerations<br> Prior to fielding of the survey, the survey instrument and protocol were subjected to ethical and legal review by TGLF.</p> <p>Prior to beginning the survey, prospective respondents reviewed a User Agreement and a summary of TGLF's Privacy Policy (https://www.learning.foundation/pages/privacy), which provides information about the personal information the Foundation collects; the ways in which the Foundation uses personal information; and TGLF's procedures for protecting the loss, misuse or alteration of personal information.</p> <p>Participants who chose to respond to the items relevant to work and well-being and organizational culture were promised that their responses would be strictly confidential and that only anonymous, aggregated data would be shared with others.</p> <p>## Recruitment Process and Description of the Sample<br> Members of TGLF's immunization learning community were invited to participate in the survey by email and were encouraged to invite relevant colleagues (immunization workers who work at either the national or sub-national level) to participate by sharing the invitation.</p> <p>Respondents accessed the survey via the Internet by clicking on the survey link contained in the email.</p> <p>Inclusion criteria for participation in the survey included being an immunization worker who works at the national or sub-national level.</p> <p>Only individuals who indicated their direct supervisor at work agreed with their participation and who completed the consent form were permitted to complete a survey.</p> <p>## Survey Design and Administration<br> This one-time Internet-based survey was administered as part of the launch of the IA2030 Movement.</p> <p>The survey was available from February 22, 2022 - June 17, 2022.</p> <p>Respondents did not receive any incentives for completing the survey.</p> <p>The survey was hosted on the Typeform server. The survey itself and all information collected for the survey was secured with multiple levels of encryption and access controls to guarantee participant confidentiality, per Typeform policy (https://www.typeform.com/help/a/security-at-typeform-360029259552/?tid=200afff9-65b2-46e2-9553-0063f2c808b6).</p> <p>## Data Processing and Cleaning<br> Duplicate surveys were identified using respondents' email addresses and were removed from the data file.</p> <p>When a duplicate survey was submitted, only the most recent survey data were retained.</p> <p>## Data Privacy and Anonymization<br> The data file shared on this site is intentionally incomplete. Columns holding personally identifying information (e.g., email address, gender, country) have been deleted.</p> <p>Out of an abundance of caution, columns that could potentially hold personally identifying information (i.e., responses to open-text questions) have been deleted.</p> <p>In accordance with the privacy policy noted in the questionnaire, responses to questions related to work and well-being and organizational culture have also been redacted.</p> <p>A complete list of the variables that have been redacted from the data file is provided in the data file "Summary" tab.</p> <p>Each respondent's record holds a unique identifier in the column named AP_DAT_99.</p> <p>## Data Availability and Accessibility<br> This data set is being made available through Zenodo, an open access repository. There are no restrictions on access to open data except those stated in the copyright and license. Researchers who would like to analyze the full set of unredacted responses are invited to contact the Geneva Learning Foundation to inquire about a Data Sharing Agreement that would stipulate conditions of access (insights@learning.foundation).</p> <p>## Copyright and License<br> © The Geneva Learning Foundation 2022.</p> <p>This data set and all associated files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)</p> <p>Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.</p> <p>Under the terms of this license, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the data set for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated above. In any use of this data set, there should be no suggestion that the Foundation endorses any specific organization, products, or services. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the license shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization.</p> <p>General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the data set do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Foundation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Foundation in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of all reasonable precautions have been taken by the Foundation to verify the information contained in this data set. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the Foundation be liable for damages arising from its use.</p> <p>The data set contains individual views and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the policies of the Foundation.</p> <p>Version 1.0 (11 August 2023).</p> <p>## References<br> Asiwome Kosi Abiwu, P.H., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 5. Paul Hilarius Asiwome Kosi Abiwu. View from the frontline: building stronger systems (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7004284.</p> <p>Ateke, N.A., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 4. Njoh Andreas Ateke. View from the frontline: working with communities to strengthen immunization programmes (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7004263.</p> <p>Ekwam, D.K., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 13. Pharm. Daniel Kwesi Ekwam. Covering all the bases (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7010227.</p> <p>Faye, W., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Case study 18. Wasnam Faye. Vaccine angels - Give us the opportunity and we can perform miracles. (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7785244.</p> <p>Faye, W., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Étude de cas 18. Wasnam Faye. Les anges de la vaccination : « Donnez-nous l'occasion et nous ferons des miracles. » (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7849329.</p> <p>Ferrah Conteh, Z., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 6. Zainab Ferrah Conteh. View from the frontline: Strenghtening the immunization programme backbone (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7010079.</p> <p>Iwot, N., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 14. Ndaeyo Iwot. Building the capacities of communities (The Geneva Learning Foundation) 10.5281/ZENODO.7010211.</p> <p>Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). Listening and Learning at Teach to Reach 7 (IA2030 Listening and Learning Report 4) (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7766585.</p> <p>Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). Teach to Reach 7: Partager pour apprendre (Rapport IA2030 «Écouter pour apprendre n° 4) (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7851783.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case study 1. A digital health platform for immunization and primary health care (PHC) engagement (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6982953.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case study 1. A digital health platform for immunization and primary health care (PHC) engagement (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6982953.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 10. Development of zero dose situational analyses and action plans (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010177.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case study 2. Squaring the circle: safeguarding existing immunization programmes and primary healthcare during COVID-19 vaccination (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7004191.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 8. Practitioners' perceptions of key immunization challenges (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7005241.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Listening and learning report 1. Working groups consultative engagement through a peer learning platform (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010140.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Movement Year 1 report. Consultative engagement through a digitally enabled peer learning platform (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119648.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030. Listening and learning report 3. Everyone, everywhere: digital peer learning to leave no one behind (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010209.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). Mouvement pour la vaccination à l'horizon 2030. Rapport Écouter pour apprendre n° 3. Partout, pour tous: l'apprentissage numérique par les pairs pour que personne ne reste sur le côté (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7142102.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., Kovanovic, V., et al. (2022). IA2030 Rapport «Écouter pour apprendre» n° 2. Notre engagement pour la vaccination #VaccinesWork (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7254160.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., Kovanovic, V., et al. (2022). IA2030.Listening and learning report 2. It takes people to make #VaccinesWork (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010196.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Yagnik, A., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., et al. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 9. Understanding and responding to zero-dose challenges (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010171.</p> <p>Jones, I., Watkins, K.E., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Yagnik, A., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., et al. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 7. Motivation, learning culture and programme performance (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7004304.</p> <p>Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V.(2022). IA2030 Year 1 report. Consultative engagement through a digitally enabled peer learning platform (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7119648.</p> <p>Jones, I., Watkins, K.E., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Yagnik, A., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., et al. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 7. Motivation, learning culture and programme performance (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7004304.</p> <p>Kaboré, B., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 12. Boureima Kaboré. Delivering services in conflict-affected areas (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010188.</p> <p>Kuotong Nongho, R., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 3. Kuotong Nongho Rogers. View from the frontline: microplanning for equity (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7004235.</p> <p>Mbuh, C., Gasse, F., Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., and Kovanovic, V. (2022). IA2030 Case study 16. Continuum from knowledge to performance (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7014392.</p> <p>Monga, F., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Case study 19. Franck Monga. Building a movement for IA2030 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7794726.</p> <p>Monga, F., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Étude de cas 19. Franck Monga. Construire un Mouvement pour la vaccination en République Démocratique du Congo (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7851476.</p> <p>Monzón, M.F., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Case study 17. María Fernanda Monzón. Speaking up for frontline staff (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7785024.</p> <p>Monzón, M.F., Jones, I., Mbuh, C., and Sadki, R. (2023). IA2030 Étude de cas 17. María Fernanda Monzón. Prendre la parole au nom des personnels de première ligne (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7848308.</p> <p>Oketch, P., and Jones, I. (2022). IA2030 Case study 15. Penina Oketch. Planning, people and performance (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010242.</p> <p>Sadki, R., Mbuh, C., Szylovec, A.P., and Brooks, A. (2023). Value creation stories anonymized open data set (Immunization Agenda 2030 Full Learning Cycle, 7 March - 20 June 2022). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763922.</p> <p>WHO (2020). Immunization Agenda 2030: A Global Strategy to Leave No One Behind [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/strategies/ia2030. </p> <p>Yagnik, A., Jones, I., Sadki, R., Brooks, A., Gasse, F., Mbuh, C., Zha, M., Steed, I., Sequeira, J., Churchill, S., et al. (2022). IA2030 Case Study 11. Gender barriers to immunization (The Geneva Learning Foundation) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7010184.</p>
Increased pupal temperature has reversible effects on thermal performance and irreversible effects on immune system and fecundity in adult ladybirds
<p><span>The environmental conditions an organism encounters during development vary in their lasting impact on adult phenotypes</span><span>. </span><span>In the context of ongoing climate change, it is particularly relevant to understand how high developmental temperatures can impact adult traits, and whether these effects persist or diminish during adulthood. </span><span>Here, we assessed the effects of pupal temperature (17°C – normal temperature, 26°C – increased temperature, or 35°C – heat wave) on adult <em>Harmonia</em> <em>axyridis</em> thermal stress tolerance, immune function, starvation resistance, and fecundity. </span><span>Temperature during pupation significantly affected all investigated traits in fresh adults. Heat acclimation decreased adult haemocyte concentration, cold tolerance, and total egg production, and had a positive effect on heat tolerance and starvation resistance. The negative effects of heat acclimation on cold tolerance diminished after seven days. In contrast, heat acclimation had a lasting positive effect on adult heat tolerance. Our results provide a broad assessment of the effects of developmental thermal acclimation on <em>H</em>. <em>axyridis</em> adult phenotypes. The relative plasticity of several adult traits after thermal acclimation may be consequential for the future geographic distribution and local performance of various insect species.</span></p>
A type 2 immune circuit in the stomach controls mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin
<p>Dietary fiber improves metabolic health, but host-encoded mechanisms for digesting fibrous polysaccharides are unclear. Here, we describe a mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin that is coordinated by gastric innate immune activation and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Chitin consumption causes gastric distension and cytokine production by stomach tuft cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), driving expansion of AMCase-expressing zymogenic chief cells that facilitate chitin digestion. Although chitin influences microbial composition, ILC2-mediated tissue adaptation and gastrointestinal responses are preserved in germ-free mice. In the absence of AMCase, sustained chitin intake leads to heightened basal type 2 immunity, reduced adiposity, and resistance to obesity. These data define an endogenous metabolic circuit that enables nutrient extraction from an insoluble dietary constituent by enhancing digestive function.</p>
Immune Landscape and Gene Function Analysis of Uveal Melanoma Based on Focal Adhesion-Related Gene Typing
<p><strong>Figure legend</strong><strong>s</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure 1 Identification of focal adhesion gene clusters and immune analysis</strong></p> <p>(A) Relative changes in the area under the CDF curve. (B) Consensus clustering results, K=3. (C) Survival curves of different clusters. (D) ssGSEA heatmap showing differences in immune infiltration between clusters. (E) Expression levels of immune checkpoints in different clusters. (F) Violin plots of immune scores, stromal scores, ESTIMATE scores, and tumor purity scores.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 2 GSEA pathway enrichment analysis</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 3 PPI network related to DEGs between cluster 2 and clusters 1 and 3 and HUB gene selection</strong></p> <p>(A) Selection of DEGs between cluster 2 and clusters 1 and 3. (B) PPI network of DEGs between clusters. (C) Intersection analysis of the top 20 HUB genes in the PPI network using five algorithms.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 4 Functional analysis of HUB genes in the interaction network and construction of co-expression network</strong></p> <p>(A) Heatmap showing the expression of HUB genes in cluster 2 and clusters 1 and 3. (B) GO functional enrichment analysis of HUB genes. (C) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of HUB genes. (D) Construction of the co-expression network of HUB genes and their co-expressed genes.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 5 Survival curves of patients corresponding to HUB genes at high and low expression levels</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure 6 Exploration of the correlation between HUB genes and drug sensitivity through CellMiner database</strong></p> <p> </p>
Domestication shapes the pig gut microbiome and immune traits from the scale of lineage to population
<p><span>Animal ecology and evolution have long been known to shape host physiology, but more recently, the gut microbiome has been identified as a mediator between animal ecology and evolution and health</span><span>. The gut microbiome has been shown to differ between wild and domestic animals, but the role of these differences for domestic animal evolution remains unknown. </span><span>Gut microbiome responses to new animal genotypes and local environmental change during domestication may promote specific host phenotypes that are adaptive (or not) to the domestic environment. Because the gut microbiome supports host immune function, understanding the effects of animal ecology and evolution on the gut microbiome and immune phenotypes is </span><span>critical. </span><span>We investigated how domestication affects the gut microbiome and host immune state in multiple pig populations across five domestication contexts representing domestication status and current living conditions: free-ranging wild, captive wild, free-ranging domestic, captive domestic in research or industrial settings. We observed that domestication context explained much of the variation in gut microbiome composition, pathogen abundances, and immune markers, yet the main differences in the repertoire of metabolic genes found in the gut microbiome were between the wild and domestic genetic lineages. We also documented population-level effects within domestication contexts, demonstrating that fine scale environmental variation also shaped host and microbe features. Our findings highlight that understanding </span><span>which gut microbiome and immune traits respond to host genetic lineage and/or scales of local ecology could inform </span><span>targeted interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome to achieve beneficial health outcomes. </span></p>
Immune challenge changes social behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Increased exposure to pathogens is often considered to be one of the most significant costs of group living. As a result, animals typically avoid close association with individuals that manifest symptoms of disease. The question remains, however, whether avoidance behaviours are mediated by effects relating specifically to the disease itself, or through recognition of more general sickness behaviours that emerge from the activity of the immune system in response to infection. Here we examined the effects of an immune challenge, induced through exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), on individual and social behaviour in female guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). We found that in a binary choice presentation, healthy focal individuals showed a strong preference to associate with stimulus shoals of saline-injected fish rather than stimulus shoals of LPS-injected fish. In a subsequent examination of group-level dynamics, shoals of LPS-injected females were more dispersed than similar shoals comprised of control fish, and showed less coherent collective behaviour despite the lack of any obvious difference in general activity between LPS and control fish. We discuss these findings in relation to the need for social animals to mitigate the risk of disease that is associated with living in proximity to conspecifics.</p>
The entanglement of extracellular matrix molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: a systematic review of the literature
<p><strong>The datasets include the results obtained upon a literature search on different databases: Web of science, Scopus and Pubmed.</strong></p> <p>The combination of mesh terms searched in the databases were “extracellular matrix molecules” or “extracellular matrix remodeling” and “immune checkpoint inhibitors” or “immunotherapy”.</p>
Silicon and Epichloë-endophyte defences in a model temperate grass diminish feeding efficiency and immunity of an insect folivore
<p>Plants deploy diverse anti-herbivore defences which reduce feeding and performance of herbivores. Temperate grasses use silicon (Si) accumulation and<em> Epichloë</em>-endophytes for physical and chemical (i.e. endophytic-alkaloids) defence against insect herbivores. Recent studies suggest that <em>Epichloë</em>-endophytes increase Si accumulation in their host grass. It is unknown, however, how this affects Si-deposition on the leaf surface, their impacts on insect herbivore feeding efficiency and their immunity to potential infection/parasitism.</p> <p>To address this knowledge gap, we grew tall fescue (<em>Festuca arundinacea</em>) hydroponically with and without Si, in the absence or presence of the novel AR584 <em>Epichloë</em>-strain. We exposed plants to <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in both in-situ (intact leaves) and ex-situ (excised leaves) feeding trials and determined the effects of Si and endophyte defences on herbivore feeding efficiency, growth rates and immunity against potential infection/parasitism.</p> <p>Endophytic plants supplied with Si showed 110% and 143% increases in leaf silica density and leaf Si concentrations, respectively, when exposed to herbivory, compared to non-endophytic plants that were herbivore-free. Despite the endophyte-mediated increases in Si concentrations, <em>H. armigera</em> was only affected by Si supply; growth rates decreased by 87% and most feeding efficiency indices decreased by at least 30%. Si supply also increased mandibular wear by 16%, which was negatively correlated with <em>H. armigera</em> growth rates. Cellular and humoral immunity of <em>H. armigera</em> were negatively affected by both Si and endophytes. Endophytic-loline alkaloid concentrations were unaffected by Si supply or herbivory, whereas herbivory increased peramine concentrations by 290%. </p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first report of Si defences and <em>Epichloë</em>-endophyte-derived alkaloids compromising insect immunity <em>via</em> reduced melanisation response. Using tall fescue and <em>H. armigera</em>, our study suggests that deploying both physical (i.e. Si accumulation) and chemical (i.e. endophytic-alkaloids) defences acting against multiple insect herbivore traits, including feeding efficiency, growth and immunity, may be a successful defence strategy in temperate grasses. This multi-faceted defence may be particularly difficult for insect herbivores to overcome.</p>
Data from: Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight
<p>3-dimensional super-resolution microscopy volumes of human PBMCs recorded on a Zeiss LSM980 Airyscan2 laser scanning confocal microscope.</p> <p>Sample preparation and image capture:</p> <p>Live PBMCs were stained with 60 nM MitoTracker Red-CMX-Ros (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA) either in 6-well plates or in the microgravity chambers for the last 2 hr of the microgravity simulation. At the end of the microgravity simulation cells were immediately fixed by 1:1 mixing the cell suspensions with 2× concentrated fixative (10% Sucrose (w/v) 120 mM KCl, 1% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, 8% (w/v) PFA pH 7.4) and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature followed by 15 minutes on ice. Fixed cells were washed and stored in PBS until further staining for up to a week at 4 °C. 1 million fixed cells were resuspended in 1 mL of permeabilization solution (0.1% TritonX-100 in PBS) for 5 minutes. After twice washing in PBS, pellets were resuspended in 0.5 mL 1% BSA PBS containing Phalloidin-iFluor-488 (cat# ab176753, Abcam plc., Cambridge, UK) at the manufacturer’s recommended dilution, and were incubated for 90 minutes with gentle agitation. After washing in PBS, cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 (1 µg/mL in PBS) for 10 minutes. The fixed-stained cells were immobilized at 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells per well density in glass-bottom 96-well microplates (Greiner Bio-One, Monroe, NC), which were pre-coated with polyethyleneimine (1:15,000 (w/v)) for 16 hours in a 37 °C incubator, and washed twice with PBS. Microplates with the cell suspensions were centrifuged in a swing plate rotor centrifuge (Eppendorf 5810 R) at 400 × <em>g</em> and for 10 min and then fixed on the surface by adding an equal volume of 8% (w/v) PFA for 5 min. Finally, the fixative was replaced with 100 µL of antifade reagent (Vector Prolong Gold (ThermoFisher)). Samples were imaged immediately after this procedure on a Zeiss LSM980 Airyscan2 laser scanning confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, White Plains, NY). Single PBMCs were manually selected for recording based on low-resolution preview scans showing only nuclei. All singlet cells were selected in a small neighborhood to avoid biases. In each microscopy session, 24-40 cells were selected for recording in one well for each condition. This was performed in an interleaved manner, capturing 6-8 cells at a time, and then moving to the next well and then repeating this multiple times using the Experiment Designer module for automation. Super-resolution volumes of (358 × 358 × 70 pixels, 0.035 × 0.035 × 0.13 µm/voxel resolution) were recorded in the above-determined positions using Definite Focus autofocusing. A Plan-Apochromat 63 × 1.40 Oil lens, Airyscan2 SR (super-resolution) mode with optimal sampling and frame switching between 3 fluorescence channels to minimize spectral cross-bleed were used. MitoTracker Red, iFluor488, and Hoechs33342 were excited with 561, 488, and 405 nm solid-state lasers, respectively, using the optimal emission filter for each channel. 3D Airyscan2 processing was performed with standard filtering settings.</p> <p>File naming:</p> <p>Four zip files were deposited named as <Donor#id>.zip, where id goes from 1 to 4.</p> <p>Each zip file contains the following Zeiss Microscopy format image files: <Condition>_<Donor#id>_<Stain#batch>_<Cell>.czi</p> <p><Condition>:</p> <ul> <li>1G – Control culturing in 6-well plates for 25h</li> <li>uG – simulated microgravity culturing for 25h in NASA Rotating Wall Vessels</li> <li>1G+TLR – as above, with TLR 7/8 agonist (1 μM R848)</li> <li>uG+TLR– as above, with TLR 7/8 agonist (1 μM R848)</li> <li>1G+CyD– as above, with cytochalasin D</li> <li>uG+CyD– as above, with cytochalasin D</li> <li>1G+Q – as above, with quercetin 50µM</li> <li>uG+Q – as above, with quercetin 50µM</li> </ul> <p><Donor#id>: 1-4 indicates biological replicates</p> <p><Stain#batch>: 1-2 indicates experimental replicates of phalloidin staining and imaging session</p> <p><Cell>: arbitrary number to distinguish images within the same condition/donor/stain set.</p> <p>See image analysis pipelines used with these data at: https://github.com/gerencserlab/Superresolution-actin-and-mitochondria-analysis</p>
The N-terminal executioner domains of NLR immune receptors are structurally and functionally conserved across major plant lineages: Extended Data
<p>Raw data and supporting files for an updated version of the manuscript now entitled "The N-terminal executioner domains of NLR immune receptors are structurally and functionally conserved across major plant lineages".</p> <p>Related to an original version of the bioRxiv preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512840v1 </p>
Safety, effectiveness, and skin immune response in a controlled human infection model of sand fly transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis.
<p>Safety, effectiveness, and skin immune response in a controlled human infection model of sand fly transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis.</p><p>Vivak Parkash1, Helen Ashwin1, Shoumit Dey1, Jovana Sadlova2, Barbora Vojtkova2, Katrien Van Bocxlaer1,3, Rebecca Wiggins1, David Thompson4 Nidhi Sharma Dey1, Charles L. Jaffe5, Eli Schwartz6, Petr Volf2, Charles J. N. Lacey1, Alison M. Layton1,3 * and Paul M. Kaye1,3 *.</p><p> </p><p>1 York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK</p><p>2 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic</p><p>3 Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, York, UK</p><p>4 York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK </p><p>5 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IMRIC, The Hebrew University – Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel</p><p>6 The Center for Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, and The School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.</p><p> </p><p>*Corresponding authors: paul.kaye@york.ac.uk and alison.layton@hyms.ac.uk</p><p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.