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6,569 results for “Long-term”
Data and analysis scripts associated with the paper 'Long-term experimental evolution of HIV-1 reveals effects of environment and mutational history''
<p><em>Eva Bons, Christine Leemann, Karin J. Metzner, Roland R. Regoes</em></p> <p>This repository contains all the data and analysis scripts associated with the paper 'Long-term experimental evolution of HIV-1 reveals effects of environment and mutational history'</p> <p>See the readme after unpacking the .zip for a description of the files</p>
Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture from Maximized Temporal Correlations (1998-2015)
<p>A long-term merged satellite soil moisture product spanning 1998 to 2015. An existing combination approach that maximizes temporal correlations is used to combine six passive microwave satellite soil moisture products within the period. These include the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM/TMI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Aqua satellite, the WindSAT radiometer, onboard the Coriolis satellite and the soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor onboard the Global Change Observation Mission on Water (GCOM-W). The sixth is the microwave radiometer imager (MWRI) onboard China’s Fengyun-3B (FY3B) satellite, which is being used for the first time in a merging scheme. </p> <p>For more details on the quality of the data and the methodology used, please refer to the references listed:</p> <p>Hagan, D.F.T.; Wang, G.; Kim, S.; Parinussa, R.M.; Liu, Y.; Ullah, W.; Bhatti, A.S.; Ma, X.; Jiang, T.; Su, B. Maximizing Temporal Correlations in Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture Data-Merging. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2164.</p> <p>Kim, S.; Parinussa, R.M.; Liu, Y.Y.; Johnson, F.M.; Sharma, A. A framework for combining multiple soil moisture retrievals based on maximizing temporal correlation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2015, 42, 6662–6670.</p>
Process map for casting a long-term experimental campaign on RC shrinkage cracking.
<p>This dataset presents the process map that was developed for the casting of a long-term experimental campaign on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to the combined effect of restrained shrinkage and vertical loads.<br> This experimental campaign was performed in the scope of the FCT project "IntegraCrete: A comprehensive multi-physics and multi-scale approach to the combined effects of applied loads and thermal/shrinkage deformations in reinforced concrete structures''.<br> The results from this experimental campaign are presented in Gomes et al (2020), while the conceptualization, planning and experimental procedures are described in detail in Gomes et al (2021). The latter is supported by this process map to describe the micromanagement plan that was devised for the casting day.<br> 14 people were involved in the casting of 3 slabs and 2 complementary specimens inside a highly instrumented climatic chamber, as well as 38 specimens for concrete characterization at different ages and 12 load blocks to use as vertical loads. This process map was developed with the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN).</p>
Data from: Long-term, high frequency in situ measurements of intertidal mussel bed temperatures using biomimetic sensors
At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms are manifest as changes in body temperatures. Especially for plants and animals exposed to direct solar radiation, body temperatures can be substantially different from air temperatures. We deployed biomimetic sensors that approximate the thermal characteristics of intertidal mussels at 71 sites worldwide, from 1998-present. Loggers recorded temperatures at 10–30 min intervals nearly continuously at multiple intertidal elevations. Comparisons against direct measurements of mussel tissue temperature indicated errors of ~2.0–2.5 °C, during daily fluctuations that often exceeded 15°–20 °C. Geographic patterns in thermal stress based on biomimetic logger measurements were generally far more complex than anticipated based only on 'habitat-level' measurements of air or sea surface temperature. This unique data set provides an opportunity to link physiological measurements with spatially- and temporally-explicit field observations of body temperature.
Data from: Long-term persistence of monotypic dengue transmission in small size isolated populations, French Polynesia, 1978-2014
<p>Understanding the transition of epidemic to endemic dengue transmission remains a challenge in regions where serotypes co-circulate and there is extensive human mobility. French Polynesia, an isolated group of 72 inhabited islands, distributed among five geographically separated subdivisions, has recorded mono-serotype epidemics since 1944, with long inter-epidemic periods of circulation. Laboratory confirmed cases have been recorded since 1978, enabling exploration of dengue epidemiology under monotypic conditions in an isolated, spatially structured geographical location. A database was constructed of confirmed dengue cases, geolocated to island for a 35-year period. Statistical analyses of viral establishment, persistence and fade-out as well as synchrony among subdivisions were performed. Seven monotypic and one heterotypic dengue epidemic occurred, followed by low-level viral circulation with a recrudescent epidemic occurring on one occasion. Incidence was asynchronous among the subdivisions. Complete viral die-out occurred on several occasions with invasion of a new serotype, but also in the absence of any novel serotype. Island population size had a strong impact on the establishment, persistence and fade-out of dengue cases and endemicity was estimated achievable only at a population size in excess of 175 000. Despite island remoteness and low population size, dengue cases were observed somewhere in French Polynesia almost constantly, in part due to the spatial structuration generating asynchrony among subdivisions. Long-term persistence of dengue virus in this group of island populations may be enabled by island hopping, although could equally be explained by a reservoir of sub-clinical infections on the most populated island, Tahiti.</p>
Data from: Long-term nitrous oxide fluxes in annual and perennial agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems in the upper Midwest USA
Differences in soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes among ecosystems are often difficult to evaluate and predict due to high spatial and temporal variabilities and few direct experimental comparisons. For 20 years, we measured N2O fluxes in 11 ecosystems in southwest Michigan USA: four annual grain crops (corn–soybean–wheat rotations) managed with conventional, no-till, reduced input, or biologically based/organic inputs; three perennial crops (alfalfa, poplar, and conifers); and four unmanaged ecosystems of different successional age including mature forest. Average N2O emissions were higher from annual grain and N-fixing cropping systems than from nonleguminous perennial cropping systems and were low across unmanaged ecosystems. Among annual cropping systems full-rotation fluxes were indistinguishable from one another but rotation phase mattered. For example, those systems with cover crops and reduced fertilizer N emitted more N2O during the corn and soybean phases, but during the wheat phase fluxes were ~40% lower. Likewise, no-till did not differ from conventional tillage over the entire rotation but reduced emissions ~20% in the wheat phase and increased emissions 30–80% in the corn and soybean phases. Greenhouse gas intensity for the annual crops (flux per unit yield) was lowest for soybeans produced under conventional management, while for the 11 other crop × management combinations intensities were similar to one another. Among the fertilized systems, emissions ranged from 0.30 to 1.33 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 and were best predicted by IPCC Tier 1 and ΔEF emission factor approaches. Annual cumulative fluxes from perennial systems were best explained by soil inline image pools (r2 = 0.72) but not so for annual crops, where management differences overrode simple correlations. Daily soil N2O emissions were poorly predicted by any measured variables. Overall, long-term measurements reveal lower fluxes in nonlegume perennial vegetation and, for conservatively fertilized annual crops, the overriding influence of rotation phase on annual fluxes.
Dataset for "Long-term extreme response of an offshore turbine: How accurate are contour-based estimates?"
<p>Datasets belonging to the paper "Long-term extreme response of an offshore turbine: How accurate are<br> contour-based estimates?" by Haselsteiner, Frieling, Mackay, Sander and Thoben.</p> <p>Available are:<br> * A 1000-year time series of hourly environmental conditions<br> * 516 1-hour time series of the mudline overturning moment, simulated using openFAST</p> <p> </p>
Black Sea thermohaline properties: Long-term trends and variations
<p>3D velocity (m/s), temperature (°C) and salinity fields for the Black Sea are simulated by the use of the General Estuarine Ocean Model (GETM) and General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM). Data sets consists of monthly mean value on a horizontal grid of 423x172 data points (2 longitude minutes x 2 latitude minutes) and 70 vertical levels. Simulations are performed for the period from 1960 to 2015 (56 years). The 3D monthly mean vertical coordinate, temperature and salinity are stored in monthly NetCDF data files available for download.</p> <p>Detailed description: The 3D hydrodynamic model comprises of 3D GETM and 1D GOTM initialized on high resolution 2 x 2 min latitude–longitude horizontal grid. The model bathymetry grid is produced from ETOPO1 global bathymetric grid with horizontal resolution of 1 min. Linear programming procedure was applied to smooth slightly the bathymetry. The maximum depth of the model domain is 2200 m with a 70 levels general vertical grid which is compressed towards the surface. A detailed description of the GETM equations can be found in Stips et al. [2004].One way to minimize dissipation and dispersion is to use a numerical method which satisfies the Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) property. Flux-limiter methods satisfy the TVD property and switch between a second-order approximation when the field is smooth and a first-order approximation when it is near a discontinuity. Flux-limiter methods have been applied to the different numerical approaches so that oscillations present in the numerical solution can be minimized. The second-order monotone scheme with the Superbee limiter is used herein [Burchard and Bolding 2002]. The meteorological forcing from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) available from http://www.ecmwf.int, has been applied, namely, ERA-40 project (1958-2001) and ERA-Interim project (1979-2015). Two model runs have been chosen: Run1 with ERA-40 (1958-1979) followed by forcing with ERA-Interim (1980-2015) and Run2 forced with ERA-Interim (1979-2015), in order to study the effect of the starting year and forcing data and to identify possible artificial trends due to computational and forcing uncertainties. Freshwater input has been evaluated using the values from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC, http://www.bafg.de/GRDC) runoff. Being an estuarine basin, the Black sea is very sensitive to variations in the fresh water input. The resulting buoyancy flow induced by the river runoff is essential for establishing the basin circulation. Comparison between runoff data sets from different data centres has revealed similar climatological mean annual cycles for all rivers considered herein [Miladinova-Marinova et al., 2016]. The mode has been forced the GRDC data because it contains long term daily records of the Danube River. Water exchange in the Bosphorus and Kerch Straits is simulated as a river flow that contains surface outflow/inflow and bottom inflow/outflow. Assuming the long term steady state water and salt budgets in the Black Sea, the monthly averaged volume fluxes have been estimated [Miladinova-Marinova et al., 2016] and used further as a forcing condition. The model is initialized by means of temperature and salinity 3D fields coming from the project MEDAR/MEDATLAS II (http://www.ifremer.fr/medar). The MEDAR data set for the Black Sea reflects the main features known from observations – the strong halocline at 70-150 m, the CIL at approximately 25-70 m and the doming of the isohalines due to the cyclonic Rim current. The detailed model setup and an extended validation is presented in Miladinova-Marinova et al. [2016]. Burchard, H., and K. Bolding (2002), Getm: A general estuarine transport model. Scientific documentation, Joint Research Centre Ispra Tech. Rep. EUR 20253 EN, Eur. Comm; Stips, A., K. Bolding, T. Pohlmann, and H. Burchard (2004), Simulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of the North Sea using the new model GETM (General Estuarine Transport Model), Ocean Dynam., 54, 266-283; Miladinova-Marinova S., A. Stips, E. Garcia-Gorriz, D. Macias Moy (2016), Black Sea ecosystem model: setup and validation, EUR 27786, doi: 10.2788/601495</p> <p>Simulation zip files from Run1, BLACK_SEA_HYDRO1_YEAR_MONTH.zip, and simulation zip files from Run2, BLACK_SEA_HYDRO2_YEAR_MONTH.zip, are stored herein.</p>
Dataset of physical, biological and chemical soil properties from 10 European long-term experiments
<p>This dataset contains all measurements that were conducted within the Workpackage #2 of the SoilX Project (2022-2024). The data contains physical, chemical and biological soil parameters that were measured in ten European long-term field experiments, as well as soil management indicators calculated with the SoilManageR packager for R. Each data table contains different parameters, and they can be linked by the identifying columns (LTE, treatment, depth, block, replicate). Further information can be found in the ReadMe.txt.</p> <pre> </pre>
The first 500-meter, long-term winter wheat grain protein content dataset for China from multi-source data
<p>In China, the demand for precise perception of wheat Grain Protein Content (GPC) has gained increased urgency, driven by the rising demands in the food consumption market and intensifying international market competition. However, due to the lack of extensive, prolonged high-resolution benchmark data, previous GPC studies have primarily focused on experimental fields, small geographic units, and limited temporal scopes. Additionally, the diversified geographical landscape in China introduces spatiotemporal heterogeneity and intricacy to the influence of wheat GPC, further amplifying the challenges of large-scale GPC estimation. To address this challenge and the data gap, the first 500-meter spatial resolution, long-term winter wheat dataset covering major planting regions in China (CNWheatGPC-500) was created by integrating multi-source data from ERA5 and MODIS.</p>
Moreno et al_2023_Long-term_SDGsEU_Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the underlying IAM output data for the journal article by Moreno et al. currently in revision in Nature Communications Earth and Environment titled "Long-term sustainable development prospects of EU decarbonisation pathways: a multi-model study".</p>
Photosynthesis in newly-developed leaves of heat-tolerant wheat acclimates to long-term nocturnal warming
<p>We examined photosynthetic capacity of newly-developed and pre-existing flag leaves of four wheat genotypes under three night temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C) and common day temperature of 26 °C in two controlled environment experiments. In newly-developed leaves which acclimated (i.e. maintained or increased) the maximum rate of net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation (<em>A</em><sub>n</sub>) to long-term (9–13 weeks) nocturnal warming, acclimation was underpinned by greater capacity of Rubisco carboxylation (<em>V</em><sub>cmax</sub>) and photosynthetic electron transport (<em>J</em>). This indicates a night-dependent temperature sensitivity of the activation state of Rubisco. Metabolite profiling linked acclimation of <em>A</em><sub>n</sub> to greater accumulation of monosaccharides and saturated fatty acids in leaves, suggesting roles for osmotic adjustment of leaf turgor pressure and maintenance of cell membrane integrity. By contrast, warm night-induced inhibition of <em>A</em><sub>n</sub> was related to reductions in stomatal conductance of CO<sub>2</sub> and <em>J</em>, despite higher basal electron transport thermal stability: <em>T</em><sub>crit</sub> 51 of 45–46.5 °C in non-acclimated versus <em>T</em><sub>crit</sub> of 43.8–45 °C in acclimated leaves. Pre-existing leaves exposed to short-term nocturnal warming (5–7 nights) showed no change in instantaneous temperature responses of <em>A</em><sub>n</sub> and photosynthetic capacity, except for an elite heat-tolerant genotype. These findings can be used to support strategies for developing climate-resilient wheat.</p>
Fig. 5 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 5. Human detections along five, two-kilometre transects, one each in five habitats/subtypes (young dipterocarp forest, flooded dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, mature dipterocarp forest, and wetlands) per month in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary. Effort = number of habitat subtypes * total months sampled per year * 2 km, X-axis= year, Y-axis= human disturbance index (number of human detections per one unit of effort).
Fig. 1 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 1. Map of Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary with land-cover changes; flooded dipterocarp forest (FL), mixed deciduous forest (MD) and young dipterocarp forest (YI) in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary between 1999 and 2020 and locations of bird survey points.
Fig 4 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig 4. Seasonal (y-axis) and long-term trends of abundances of six avian guilds in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary from 1999 to 2020. Redder = higher abundances, white/paler = lower abundances, and grey = no data.
Mixed population trends inside a California protected area: Evidence from long-term community science monitoring
<p><span>Protected areas are one of the most widespread and accepted conservation interventions, yet their population trends are rarely compared to regional trends to gain insight into their effectiveness. Here, we leverage two long-term community science datasets to demonstrate mixed effects of protected areas on long-term bird population trends. We analyzed 31 years of bird transect data recorded by community volunteers across all major habitats of Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve to determine the population trends for a sample of 66 species. We found that nearly a third of species experienced long-term declines, and on average, all species declined by 12%. Further, we averaged species trends by conservation status and key life history attributes to identify correlates and possible drivers of these trends. Observed increases in some cavity-nesters and declines of scrub-associated species suggest that long-term fire suppression may be a key driver, reshaping bird communities through changes in forest and chaparral structure and composition. Additionally, we compared our results to those of the North American Breeding Bird Survey's Central California Coast region (n = 55 species) to place Jasper Ridge in a broader context. Most species experienced similar directional population trends inside vs. outside of the preserve, and only eight species (14.5%) did better inside this small, protected area. Therefore, we must identify relevant management strategies for declining populations and explicitly consider how existing protected areas target and manage each species. Further, this analysis underscores the importance of local and national community science for revealing nuanced long-term bird population trends.</span></p>
Data for "Long-term disgust habituation with limited generalisation in care home workers"
<p>Anonymised data for the manuscript "Long-term disgust habituation with limited generalisation in care home workers". For use with scripts in the linked GitHub repository.</p>
Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an Estuarine Copepod
<p>Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short-term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short- or long-term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here we characterized the response of the near-shore and estuarine copepod, <em>Acartia tonsa</em>, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation-old temperature adapted lines: Ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to Ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight a critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.</p>
Fig. 2 in Tapeworms detected in wolf populations in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche regions): A long-term study
Fig. 2. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree of the sequenced Taenia species and E. granulosus s.s. G3. Maximum Composite Likelihood method, 1000 bootstraps (MEGA11 Software).
Fig. 1 in Tapeworms detected in wolf populations in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche regions): A long-term study
Fig. 1. Details of sampling and results: number of wolves by region (A); number of positive wolves (B); percentages of positive and negative samples (C); geolocation of parasites (D).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.