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FIGURE 4 in A new Oreolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam

FIGURE 4. Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. adult male holotype ITBCZ 3619 in preservative. (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) dorsolateral view, (D) palmar surface of left hand, and (E) plantar surface of left foot.

FIGURE 7 in A new Oreolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam

FIGURE 7. Comparison between Oreolalax sterlingae and Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. (A) male Oreolalax sterlingae ITBCZ 3622 in life, (B) female Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. ITBCZ 3621 in life, (C) dorsolateral view of male Oreolalax sterlingae ITBCZ 3622 in life, (D) dorsolateral view of male Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. ITBCZ 3619, (E) oral cavity of male Oreolalax sterlingae (ITBCZ 3622) under sedation, and (F) oral cavity of female Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. (ITBCZ 3621) under sedation.

FIGURE 4. The paratypes SYS a009350 in A new species of the genus Boulenophrys from South China (Anura, Megophryidae)

FIGURE 4. The paratypes SYS a009350 (A–D) and GEP a209 (E–F) of Boulenophrys pepe sp. nov. in life: A. dorsal view; B. dorsolateral view; C. ventral view; D. lateral view of head, with an arrow showing swollen lips and protrude jaws; E. dorsolateral view; F. ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the genus Boulenophrys from South China (Anura, Megophryidae)

FIGURE 3. The holotype (GEP a207) of Boulenophrys pepe sp. nov. in life: A. dorsal view; B. dorsolateral view; C. ventral view; D. ventral view of head, arrows showing swollen lips and protrude jaws; E. ventral view of hand; F. ventral view of foot.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of the genus Boulenophrys from South China (Anura, Megophryidae)

FIGURE 2. ML tree based on the partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S and COI genes, with Bootstrap Support (BS) and Posterior Probabilities (BPP) at nodes.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the genus Boulenophrys from South China (Anura, Megophryidae)

FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution sites of Boulenophrys pepe sp. nov. and its phylogenetic close species, B. obesa and B. ombrophila.

TABLE 1 in A new Oreolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam

TABLE 1. Specimens, localities, and GenBank accession numbers of Oreolalax used in this study.<table><tbody><tr><th>ID</th><th>Species</th><th>Voucher no.</th><th>16S Genbank accession no.</th><th>Locality (County/District/ City, Province, Country)</th><th>Distance from type locality</th><th>Reference</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov.</td><td>ITBCZ 3619</td><td>PQ198697</td><td>Phong Tho District, Lai Chau, Vietnam</td><td>Type locality</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov.</td><td>ITBCZ 3620</td><td>PQ198698</td><td>Phong Tho District, Lai Chau, Vietnam</td><td>Type locality</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov.</td><td>ITBCZ 3621</td><td>PQ198699</td><td>Phong Tho District, Lai Chau, Vietnam</td><td>Type locality</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Oreolalax chuanbeiensis</td><td>CIB-ZYC074</td><td>EF397266</td><td>Mao County, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈125 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Oreolalax chuanbeiensis</td><td>RDQ106</td><td>EU180887</td><td>Wangbachu, Ping Wu, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Rao & Wilkinson 2008</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Oreolalax jingdongensis</td><td>IOZCAS2691</td><td>EF397255</td><td>Jingdong, Yunnan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Oreolalax jingdongensis</td><td>/</td><td>MF953479</td><td>Xujiaba, Jingdong County, Yunnan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Jiang et al. 2018</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Oreolalax jingdongensis</td><td>RDQ162</td><td>EU180888</td><td>Ailao Mount, Jingdong County, Yunnan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Rao & Wilkinson 2008</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Oreolalax liangbeiensis</td><td>IOZCAS3796</td><td>EF397253</td><td>Puxiong, Yuexi, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Oreolalax lichuanensis</td><td>IZCASH30036</td><td>EF544237</td><td>Lichuan, Hubei, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Zheng et al. 2008</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Oreolalax lichuanensis</td><td>CIB-ZYC787</td><td>EF397260</td><td>Chongqing Municipality, China</td><td>≈275 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>Oreolalax longmenmontis</td><td>CIB20180526002</td><td>MN688671</td><td>Pengzhou, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>Oreolalax longmenmontis</td><td>CIB2018041501</td><td>MN688666</td><td>Pengzhou, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>Oreolalax longmenmontis</td><td>CIB2018052201602</td><td>MN688668</td><td>Pengzhou, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>Oreolalax major</td><td>CIB2019bx05</td><td>MN688654</td><td>Baoxing, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈97 km</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>Oreolalax major</td><td>/</td><td>KU127230</td><td>China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Liang et al. 2016</td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td>Oreolalax major</td><td>ROM40452</td><td>EF397252</td><td>Sichuan, China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td>Oreolalax multipunctatus</td><td>CIB2013wb091</td><td>NC037382</td><td>Emei, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Li et al. 2019</td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td>Oreolalax multipunctatus</td><td>ROM40463</td><td>EF397268</td><td>Sichuan, China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td>Oreolalax nanjiangensis</td><td>CIBSCNJNJ2006004</td><td>MN688658</td><td>Nanjiang, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td>Oreolalax nanjiangensis</td><td>CIB-XM804</td><td>EF397265</td><td>Nanjiang, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 1</td><td>CIB-XM379</td><td>EF397262</td><td>Da Yi County, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈110 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>27</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 1</td><td>CIB-XM297</td><td>EF397263</td><td>Omei Mount, Omei County, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>28</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 1</td><td>ROM40454</td><td>EF397261</td><td>Wa Wu Shan, Hongya County, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈40 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>29</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 1</td><td>CIB-XM439</td><td>EF397264</td><td>Omei County, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 2</td><td>CIBWWS180610022</td><td>MN688662</td><td>Emei, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 2</td><td>CIBEMS18061203</td><td>MN688659</td><td>Emei, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 2</td><td>20120068</td><td>OP722573</td><td>China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Luo et al. 2022</td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td>Oreolalax omeimontis 2</td><td>KIZ-O.O96002</td><td>EU180886</td><td>Emei Mount, Emei City, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Rao & Wilkinson 2008</td></tr><tr><th>30</th><td>Oreolalax pingii</td><td>CIB-XM980</td><td>EF397259</td><td>Xi Chang, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈58 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>31</th><td>“ Oreolalax popei ”</td><td>CIB-XM0107</td><td>EF397267</td><td>Pengxian County, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈130 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>32</th><td>Oreolalax rhodostigmatus</td><td>CIB-ZYCA 746</td><td>EF397248</td><td>Da Fang, Guizhou, China</td><td>≈150 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>33</th><td>Oreolalax rhodostigmatus</td><td>/</td><td>MF770485</td><td>Suiyang County, Guizhou, China</td><td>≈40 km</td><td>Zhao et al. 2018</td></tr><tr><th>34</th><td>Oreolalax rhodostigmatus</td><td>CIB-ZYV724</td><td>EF397249</td><td>Siuyang County, Guizhou Province, China</td><td>≈40 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>35</th><td>Oreolalax rugosus</td><td>CIB-XM340</td><td>EF397254</td><td>Shi Mian, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈145 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>36</th><td>Oreolalax schmidti</td><td>ROM40457</td><td>EF397257</td><td>Hongya, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈35 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>37</th><td>Oreolalax schmidti</td><td>CIB-XM417</td><td>EF397258</td><td>Da Yi County, Sichuan, China</td><td>≈110 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>38</th><td>Oreolalax sp.</td><td>CIB-XM092</td><td>EF397256</td><td>Peng Xian County, Sichuan, China</td><td>NA</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>39</th><td>Oreolalax sterlingae</td><td>IEBR A.2012.1</td><td>KC569981</td><td>Sa Pa District, Lao Cai, Vietnam</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Nguyen et al. 2013</td></tr><tr><th>40</th><td>Oreolalax sterlingae</td><td>ITBCZ 3623</td><td>PQ191257</td><td>Phong Tho District, Lai Chau, Vietnam</td><td>≈45 km</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>41</th><td>Oreolalax cf. xiangchengensis</td><td>CIB-3LW008</td><td>EF397250</td><td>Li Jiang, Yunnan, China</td><td>≈220 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>42</th><td>Oreolalax cf. xiangchengensis</td><td>CIB-3LW032</td><td>EF397251</td><td>Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province, China</td><td>≈118 km</td><td>Fu et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><th>43</th><td>Oreolalax xiangchengensis</td><td>CIB2013642</td><td>MH727696</td><td>Xiangcheng County, Sichuan, China</td><td>Type locality</td><td>Li et al. 2018</td></tr><tr><th>44</th><td>Scutiger ningshanensis</td><td>/</td><td>NC031426</td><td>China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Hou et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>45</th><td>Leptobrachella oshanensis</td><td>CIB20050095</td><td>NC020610</td><td>China</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Xiang et al. 2013</td></tr></tbody></table>......continued on the next page......continued on the next page

TABLE 4 in A new Oreolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam

TABLE 4. Selected diagnostic characters for all species in the genus Oreolalax. Grey shading indicates non-overlapping characters when compared to Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov. Refereneces:1. Fei & Huang 1983; 2. Ohler & Dubois 1992; 3. Yang & Rao 2008; 4. Fei et al. 2012; 5. Nguyen et al. 2013; 6. Fei & Ye, 2016; 7. Hou et al. 2020; 8. Tapley et al. 2023.<table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>SVL adult male (mm)</th><th>SVL adult female</th><th>Tympanum visible?</th><th>Vocal sac</th><th>Interdigital toe webbing</th><th>Belly pattern</th><th>Skin texture on belly</th><th>Tubercles on dorsum</th><th>Dark bars on hindlimbs</th><th>Dark triangular marking between eyes</th><th>Ref</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Oreolalax adelphos sp. nov.</th><td>38.0 (N =1)</td><td>46.2 (N =1)</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Mottled</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Rounded, evenly spaced, similar sized tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>O. chuanbeiensis</th><td>46.7–56.0</td><td>55.0–59.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/3 webbed</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in spiny tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =13)</td><td>(N =3)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th>O. granulosus</th><td>48.6–61.0</td><td>47.4–60.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/2 – 2/3</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in small spiny</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =?)</td><td>(N =?)</td><td></td><td></td><td>webbed</td><td>or with small</td><td></td><td>tubercles</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>spots</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. jingdongensis</th><td>49.3–60.3</td><td>48.7–56.5</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/3 webbed</td><td>Grey spots</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in large tubercles with thick spines</td><td>Present</td><td>Present</td><td>3, 5,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =?)</td><td>(N =?)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th>O. liangbeiensis</th><td>47.5–56.3</td><td>56.0–65.7</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/3 webbed</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth or</td><td>Covered in large and small spiny tubercles</td><td>Preset</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =8)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>granular</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. lichuanensis</th><td>52.9–64.8</td><td>57.3–62.2</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Dark flecks</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Large and small spineless tubercles</td><td>Not</td><td>Absent</td><td>4, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =4)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. longmenmontis</th><td>51.6–64.2</td><td>Not</td><td>No</td><td></td><td>Basal</td><td>Marbled</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Large, scattered tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Present</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>(N =3)</td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. major</th><td>59.2–68.7</td><td>65.0–70.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/3 webbed</td><td>Dark spots</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in large and small tubercles with black spines</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =2)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. multipunctatus</th><td>47.4–49.8</td><td>Not</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>With few or</td><td>Not</td><td>Covered in tubercles</td><td>Indistinct</td><td>Present</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =4)</td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>without spots</td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. nanjiangensis</th><td>52.6–60.0</td><td>53.3–58.2</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Rough with small tubercles</td><td>Not</td><td>Absent</td><td>6, 7</td></tr><tr><td>(N =10)</td><td>(N =8)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. omeimontis</th><td>49.5–58.4</td><td>51.2–56.1</td><td>No</td><td>Present</td><td>Basal</td><td>Cloudy spots</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Round or small elliptic spiny tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Present</td><td>4, 5,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =15)</td><td>(N =3)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th>O. pingii</th><td>43.4–51.0</td><td>46.8–54.4</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Very small tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =20)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. popei</th><td>60.0–69.0</td><td>51.7–67.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal or</td><td>Small spots</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Large tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =10)</td><td></td><td></td><td>absent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. puxiongensis</th><td>41.3–45.3</td><td>43.0–50.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Absent</td><td>Not clearly</td><td>Granular</td><td>Dense tubercles forming long spiny ridges</td><td>Not</td><td>Present</td><td>4, 5,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =20)</td><td>(N =10)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th>O. rhodostigmatus</th><td>57.5–73.5</td><td>62.4–70.6</td><td>Yes</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Some marbling</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Small spiny tubercles</td><td>Not</td><td>Absent</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =7)</td><td>(N =2)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. rugosus</th><td>44.3–52.6</td><td>45.0–54.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>1/4 webbed</td><td>Mottled</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in large spiny tubercles</td><td>Not</td><td>Absent</td><td>3, 4,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =10)</td><td>(N =10)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td>5, 6</td></tr><tr><th>O. schmidti</th><td>40.0–47.0</td><td>48.0–54.0</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Absent</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Large and small spiney tubercles</td><td>Indistinct</td><td>Present</td><td>5,6</td></tr><tr><td>(N =30)</td><td>(N =3)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. sterlingae</th><td>34.3–41.3</td><td>39.5–46.3</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Basal</td><td>Marbled</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Head and body covered in irregular shaped warts</td><td>Present</td><td>Absent</td><td>5, 8,</td></tr><tr><td>(N=7)</td><td>(N=11)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>This</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>study</td></tr><tr><th>O. weigoldi</th><td>58.2 (N =1)</td><td>Not</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Not</td><td>Marbling</td><td>Granular</td><td>Rough with spiny tubercles</td><td>Present</td><td>Not recorded</td><td>2, 5</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>reported</td><td></td><td></td><td>recorded</td><td>around edges</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>O. xiangchengensis</th><td>46.7–48.7</td><td>47.3–61.4</td><td>No</td><td>Absent</td><td>Fully</td><td>Immaculate</td><td>Smooth</td><td>Covered in very small spiny tubercles</td><td>Absent</td><td>Absent</td><td>1, 6,</td></tr><tr><td>(N =2)</td><td>(N =10)</td><td></td><td></td><td>webbed</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>This</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>study</td></tr></tbody></table>......Contiued on the next page

TABLE 1 in A new species of the genus Boulenophrys from South China (Anura, Megophryidae)

TABLE 1. Literature for morphological characters of 67 recognized species of Boulenophrys.<table><tbody><tr><th>ID</th><th>Boulenophrys species</th><th>References</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>B. acuta (Wang, Li and Jin, 2014)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>B. angka (Wu, Suwannapoom, Poyarkov, Pawangkhanant, Xu, Jin, Murphy and Che, 2019)</td><td>Wu et al. 2019</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>B. anlongensis (Li, Lu, Liu and Wang, 2020)</td><td>Li et al. 2020; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>B. baishanzuensis (Wu, Li, Liu, Wang and Wu, 2020)</td><td>Wu et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>B. baolongensis (Ye, Fei and Xie, 2007)</td><td>Ye et al. 2007; Fei and Ye 2016</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>B. binchuanensis (Ye and Fei, 1995)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>B. binlingensis (Jiang, Fei and Ye, 2009)</td><td>Fei et al. 2009; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>B. boettgeri (Boulenger, 1899)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>B. brachykolos (Inger and Romer, 1961)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>B. caobangensis (Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Luong and Ziegler, 2020)</td><td>Nguyen et al. 2020</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>B. caudoprocta (Shen, 1994)</td><td>Shen 1994; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>B. congjiangensis (Luo, Wang, Wang, Lu, Wang, Deng and Zhou, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>B. cheni (Wang and Liu, 2014)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>B. chishuiensis (Xu, Li, Liu, Wei and Wang, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>B. daiyunensis (Lyu, Wang and Wang, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>B. daoji (Lyu, Zeng, Wang and Wang, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td>B. daweimontis (Rao and Yang, 1997)</td><td>Rao and Yang 1997</td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td>B. dongguanensis (Wang and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td>B. elongata Zeng, Wang, Chen, Xiao, Zhan, Li and Lin, 2024</td><td>Zeng et al. 2024</td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td>B. fengshunensis Wang, Zeng, Lyu and Wang, 2022</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td>B. fanjingmontis (Zhang, Liang, Ran and Shen, 2012)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td>B. fansipanensis (Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Nguyen, Dau, Luong, Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Portway, Luong and Rowley, 2018)</td><td>Tapley et al. 2018a</td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td>B. frigida (Tapley, Cutaja, Nguyen, Portway, Mahony, Nguyen, Harding, Luong and Rowley, 2021)</td><td>Tapley et al. 2021</td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>B. hoanglienensis (Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Nguyen, Dau, Luong, Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Portway, Luong and Rowley, 2018)</td><td>Tapley et al. 2018a</td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td>B. hungtai Wang, Zeng, Lyu, Xiao and Wang, 2022</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td>B. hengshanensis Qian, Hu, Mo, Gao, Zhang and Yang, 2023</td><td>Qian et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>27</th><td>B. insularis (Wang, Liu, Lyu, Zeng and Wang, 2017)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>28</th><td>B. jiangi (Liu, Li, Wei, Xu, Cheng, Wang and Wu, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>29</th><td>B. jingdongensis (Fei and Ye, 1983)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>30</th><td>B. jinggangensis (Wang, 2012)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>31</th><td>B. jiulianensis (Wang, Zeng, Lyu and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>32</th><td>B. kuatunensis (Pope, 1929)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>33</th><td>B. leishanensis (Li, Xu, Liu, Jiang, Wei and Wang, 2018)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>34</th><td>B. lushuiensis (Shi, Li, Zhu, Jiang, Jiang and Wang, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>35</th><td>B. liboensis (Zhang, Li, Xiao, Li, Pan, Wang, Zhang and Zhou, 2017)</td><td>Zhang et al. 2017</td></tr><tr><th>36</th><td>B. lini (Wang and Yang, 2014)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>37</th><td>B. lishuiensis (Wang, Liu and Jiang, 2017)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>38</th><td>B. minor (Stejneger, 1926)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>39</th><td>B. mirabilis (Lyu, Wang and Zhao, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>40</th><td>B. mufumontana (Wang, Lyu and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>41</th><td>B. nankunensis (Wang, Zeng and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>42</th><td>B. nanlingensis (Lyu, Wang, Liu and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>43</th><td>B. obesa (Wang, Li and Zhao, 2014)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>44</th><td>B. ombrophila (Messenger and Dahn, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>45</th><td>B. omeimontis (Liu, 1950)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>46</th><td>B. palpebralespinosa (Bourret, 1937)</td><td>Fei et al. 2009; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>47</th><td>B. puningensis Wang, Zeng, Lyu, Xiao and Wang, 2022</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>48</th><td>B. qianbeinsis (Su, Shi, Wu, Li, Yao, Wang and Li, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>49</th><td>B. rubrimera (Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Chung, Dau, Nguyen, Luong and Rowley, 2017)</td><td>Tapley et al. 2017, 2018b</td></tr><tr><th>50</th><td>B. sangzhiensis (Jiang, Ye and Fei, 2008)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>51</th><td>B. sanmingensis (Lyu and Wang, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>52</th><td>B. shimentaina (Lyu, Liu and Wang, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>53</th><td>B. shuichengensis (Tian and Sun, 1995)</td><td>Tian and Sun 1995; Tian et al. 2000; Fei and Ye 2016</td></tr><tr><th>54</th><td>B. shunhuangensis (Wang, Deng, Liu, Wu and Liu, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>55</th><td>B. spinata (Liu and Hu, 1973)</td><td>Hu et al. 1973; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>56</th><td>B. tongboensis (Wang and Lyu, 2021)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>57</th><td>B. tuberogranulatus (Shen, Mo and Li, 2010)</td><td>Mo et al. 2010; Fei and Ye 2016; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>58</th><td>B. wugongensis (Wang, Lyu and Wang, 2019)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>59</th><td>B. wuliangshanensis (Ye and Fei, 1995)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>60</th><td>B. wushanensis (Ye and Fei, 1995)</td><td>Ye and Fei 1995; Fei and Ye 2016; Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>61</th><td>B. xiangnanensis (Lyu, Zeng and Wang, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>62</th><td>B. xianjuensis (Wang, Wu, Peng, Shi, Lu and Wu, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>63</th><td>B. xuefengmontis Lyu and Wang, 2023</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>64</th><td>B. yangmingensis (Lyu, Zeng and Wang, 2020)</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>65</th><td>B. yaoshanensis Qi, Mo, Lyu, Wang and Wang, 2021</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>66</th><td>B. yingdeensis Qi, Lyu, Wang and Wang, 2021</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr><tr><th>67</th><td>B. yunkaiensis Qi, Wang, Lyu and Wang, 2021</td><td>Lyu et al. 2023</td></tr></tbody></table>......continued on the next page......continued on the next page

Figure 5 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 5. Megophrys frigida sp. nov. in preservative: (a) dorsal view (holotype of VNMN 010948); (b) ventral view (holotype of VNMN 010948); (c) lateral view of head (holotype of VNMN 010948); (d) palmar surface of left hand (holotype of VNMN 010948); (e) plantar surface of left foot (holotype of VNMN 010948); (f, g, h) dorsal, ventral and profile view of Megophrys frigida sp. nov. paratype (AMS R186131). Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 1 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 1. Distribution of Megophrys frigida sp. nov. in the Hoang Lien Range, north-west Vietnam. The solid blue area represents the presumed area where the habitat is within the species' estimated elevation range, covered with forest, and not separated from known localities by any continuous stretch of unsuitable habitat by a distance equal to or greater than 1 km. The blue cross-hatching denotes areas where this species may be extant in China (potential range). The light blue outline indicates the Extent Of Occurrence (EOO).

Figure 7 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 7. Megophrys frigida sp. nov. in life in situ at Mount Ky Quan San, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam, 2668 m above sea level: (a) holotype (VNMN 010948); (b) unvouchered individual.

Figure 9 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 9. Comparison of advertisement calls of Megophrys frigida sp. nov. holotype (VNMN 010948: a–c) recorded at 16.0°C and M. fansipanensis (AMS R186115: d–f) recorded at 15.3°C: (a, d) 30 s waveform of relative amplitude (Rel. amp.) over time for several call groups; (b, e) 5 s waveform of Rel. amp. over time for one call group; (c, f) 1 s waveform and spectrogram of Rel. amp. and frequency for calls.

Figure 3. A in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 3. A BI phylogenetic tree for a 647-bp section of CO1 (mtDNA) gene for Megophrys frigida sp. nov., along with representatives of all Panophrys species for which comparative sequences are available. Numbers at terminals correspond to Sample IDs in Supplementary information II. Bayesian posterior probability and ML bootstrap support for nodes are indicated on the tree: <95, not given; ≥ 95, orange dot; 100%, black dot. Coloured bars denote subgenera. The outgroup (Leptobrachium boringii) is not shown.

Figure 4 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 4. (a) Discriminant analysis of morphometric characters of male Panophrys in the Hoang Lien Range, with 95% ellipses. Blue = Megophrys fansipanensis (lateral view of AMS R186113 in life); red = Megophrys hoanglienensis (dorsolateral view of AMS R186122 in life); purple = Megophrys jingdongensis (dorsolateral view of AMS R185924 in life); orange = Megophrys rubrimera (lateral view of HNLP2016062200001 in life) and green = Megophrys frigida sp. nov. (dorsolateral view of AMS R186131 in life). Canonical axes 1 and 2 are linear combinations of the variables. Images of frogs are approximately to scale. (b) Boxplots of snout-to-vent length among adult male Megophrys species from the Hoang Lien Range. (c) Body weight differentiation (mg/mm). Horizontal lines within each box represent the median and boxes encompass the 75th and 25th quartiles.

Figure 2. A in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 2. A BI phylogenetic tree for a 1353-bp section of 12S–16S (mtDNA) gene of Megophrys frigida sp. nov., along with representatives of all Panophrys species for which comparative sequences are available. Numbers at terminals correspond to Sample IDs in Supplementary information II. Bayesian posterior probability and ML bootstrap support for nodes are indicated on the tree: <95, not indicated; ≥ 95, orange dot; 100%, black dot. Coloured bars denote subgenera. Outgroups (Leptobrachella oshanensis and Leptobrachium boringii) are not shown.

Figure 8 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 8. Megophrys frigida sp. nov. habitat: (a) view of the type locality on Mount Ky Quan San, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam, from 2700 m above sea level (asl); (b) type locality, 2668 m asl; (c) heavily grazed and deforested area very close to the type locality.

Figure 6 in A new potentially Endangered species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Mount Ky Quan San, north-west Vietnam

Figure 6. Megophrys frigida sp. nov. in life: (a, b) dorsal and ventral view of holotype VNMN 010948 under sedation; (c, d) dorsal and ventral view of referred specimen HLNP 20170910 00006 under sedation; (e, f) dorsal and ventral view of paratype AMS R186131 under sedation; (g, h) dorsal and ventral view of paratype AMS R186132 under sedation; (i) dorsolateral view of holotype VNMN 010948; (j) dorsolateral view of paratype AMS R186131; (k) cloaca and femoral glands of holotype VNMN 010948; (l) cloaca and femoral glands of paratype AMS R186132. Not to scale.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Luo T, Wang Y, Wang S, Lu X, Wang W, Deng H, Zhou J (2021) A species of the genus Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from southeastern Guizhou Province, China. ZooKeys 1047: 27-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1047.61097

Table S3. Variable loadings for principal components with Eigenvalues greater than 2, from morphometric characters corrected by SVL