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FIGURES 12–15 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 12–15. Mesodytes rhantoides sp. n.: (12) photo of holotype, (13) line drawing of holotype in dorsal view, (14) line drawing of holotype in ventral view, (15) photo of holotype (fragment, 3× enlarged): male genitalia; arrows indicate base, dorsal margin and apex of penis.

FIGURES 22–24 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 22–24. (22) Ilybius adygheanus Petrov, Shapovalov & Fery, 2010: metaventrite and metacoxa, with measurements WC, WS, LC and LV shown; modified from Petrov et al. (2010); (23) Sinoporus lineatus Prokin & Ren, 2010: holotype in ventral view, redrawn and modified from original description with LC and LV shown (in this case the longest point of the lateral lobe of the metaventrite is at the very base of the lobe; it has been measured immediately lateral of the posterior margins of the mesocoxa, i.e., at the very base of the lobe, if we define the lobe as the part of the metaventrite lateral of the mesocoxa); (24) Lancetes lanceolatus (Clark, 1863): metaventrite of recent specimen from Lake Cronin (Western Australia); arrow indicates impression at lateral margin of median elevated area of metaventrite.

FIGURES 19–21 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 19–21. Cretodytes incertus sp. n.: (19) photo of holotype, (20) line drawing of holotype; (21) Angaragabus jurassicus Ponomarenko, 1963: photo of holotype, PIN 1670/390.

FIGURES 8–11 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 8–11. Mesoderus punctatus sp. n.: (8) photo of holotype, (9) line drawing of holotype; arrow indicates penis; Mesoderus ovatus sp. n.: (10) photo of holotype, (11) line drawing of holotype.

FIGURES 16–18 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 16–18. Palaeodytes baissiensis sp. n.: (16) photo of holotype, direct impression, (17) line drawing of holotype, (18) photo of holotype, counter impression.

FIGURES 5–7 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 5–7. (5) Liadytes aspidytoides sp. n., photo of specimen PIN 2470/945; Liadyxianus kirejtshuki sp. n.: (6) photo of holotype, (7) line drawing of holotype.

FIGURES 1–4 in New fossil taxa and notes on the Mesozoic evolution of Liadytidae and Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

FIGURES 1–4. Liadytes aspidytoides sp. n.: (1) photo of holotype, (2) line drawing of holotype, (3) SEM photo of holotype, (4) SEM photo of details of metaventrite; arrows indicate metaventral suture.

FIGURE 13 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 13. Tube ultrastructures of Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov. PIN 5485/17. A—longitudinal wall section, Benlarged outer part showing outer layer consisting of elongated crystals orientated perpendicular to outer surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of small isometric crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part with smallest isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, G—enlarged cross-section through edge showing separation of inner wall layer, dark area to the right is an artefact (cutting trace), F—another enlarged cross-section through edge, H—details of outer wall part with clearly visible outer layer, I—details of middle wall part, J—details of inner wall part showing layer consisting of smallest isometric crystals. Abbreviation: o. s. ‒ outer tube surface.

FIGURE 19 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 19. Tube ultrastructures of fossil tetragonal serpulid Tubulostium discoideum PIN 5485/24. A-E: longitudinal wall section, A—general view, B—enlarged outer part showing irregularly shaped crystals forming homogenous angular crystal (HAC) structure, C—enlarged axial part of parabolic growth lamellae showing simple prismatic (SP) structure, D—contact zone between outer layer and middle layer with homogenous granular (HG) structure, marked with non-rectilinear appearance of boundary between layers, E—internal wall part showing middle layer with HG structure and thin inner layer with slightly recrystallized simple prismatic (SP) or spherulitic prismatic (SPHP) structure; F-H: transverse section, F—view of sectioned spiral tube, G—view of wall cross-section through lateral side, H—same, through upper tube side. Abbreviations: o. s.—outer tube surface, i. s.—inner tube surface, c. l.—cementing layers, I—outer tube layer, II—middle tube layer, III—inner tube layer.

FIGURE 8 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 8. Photos and SEM images of Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov. A–F: AM W.46400, photos, A—radiolar crown with operculum, B—lateral view of thorax, C, D—tubes with animals inside, E—operculum on thin smooth opercular peduncle, F—lateral view of thorax. G-J: AM W.46401, SEM images, G—lateral view of the thorax, H, I—tube fragments, Jtube cross-section.

FIGURE 7 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 7. Photos and SEM images of Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov. AM W.46398. A: tube photo, B–L: SEM images, B—anterior view of the tube entrance, C—anterior view of an animal, D—close-up view of radiolar crown with operculum, E—thoracic membranes, F—collar chaetae, G—thoracic uncini, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal chaeta, Jabdominal uncini, K and L—posterior part of abdomen showing flat geniculate and capillary chaetae.

FIGURE 12 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 12. Photos and SEM images of Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov. A–B: MNHN POLY TYPE 1564, photos, A—distal view of radioles and operculum on thin smooth peduncle, B—lateral view of thorax and basal part of radiolar lobes. C–J: paratype AM W.46386, SEM images, C—bundle of collar chaetae with fin-and-blade chaetae, D—close-up view of fin-andblade collar chaetae, E—thoracic chaetae, F—anterior thoracic uncini, G—close-up view of anterior pegs of thoracic uncini, H—distal part of abdominal chaeta, I—abdominal uncini, J ‒ anterior pegs of abdominal uncini.

FIGURE 4 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 4. Tube ultrastructures of Spirodiscus grimaldii. A–J: PIN 5485/10, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part with a layer of crystals oriented in two directions subparallel to surface, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing consolidated isometric crystals, E—tube cross-section, median rib clearly visible to the left, F—enlarged tube wall section through lateral keel, G—enlarged tube wall section through median keel, H—enlarged inner wall part, I—middle wall part, J—outer wall part, layer with two-direction crystal orientation resembling a pile of isometric crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s.—outer tube surface.

FIGURE 1 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 1. External morphology of polygonal serpulid tubes. Recent species: A—Spirodiscus grimaldii, R/V VITYAZ-2, St. 78. B, C—Bathyditrupa hovei, R/V VITYAZ-2, St. 79. D—Spirodiscus groenlandicus comb. nov., R/V VITYAZ-2, St. 79. E— Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov., R/V VITYAZ, St. 5074. F—Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov., R/V JEAN CHARCOT, cruise BIOCAL, St. CP27. G—Zibrovermilia zibrowii gen. et sp. nov., R/V ALIS, cruise MUSORSTOM 6, St. CP438. Fossil tubes: H, I—Nogrobs cf. vermicularis, PIN 5485/23. J–K—Glandifera cf. vertebralis, spirally coiled juvenile tube with median keel running along the lateral tube side, PIN 5485/02. L, M—Glandifera cf. vertebralis, a fragment of straight adult tube with regular peristomes, PIN 5485/01. N, O—Tetraserpula barremica, PIN 5485/06. P, Q—Tetraditrupa canteriata, PIN 5485/04. R–T—Tubulostium discoideum, ARI Od 224/70 (the specimen figured by Chiplonkar & Tapaswi, 1973, pl. 11, fig. 15).

FIGURE 16 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 16. Tube ultrastructures of fossil tetragonal serpulids from the Middle Jurassic. A-D: Tetraserpula sp. 2 PIN 5485/ 19, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part showing large consolidated crystal aggregates, C—enlarged middle wall part containing isometrical crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part. E-H: Nogrobs tumidus PIN 5485/20, E—longitudinal wall section, F—enlarged outer wall part, G—enlarged middle wall part, H—enlarged inner wall part. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth and are placed along the axis of parabolic growth lamellae. Abbreviation: g. l.—growth lamellae; o. s.—outer surface of the tube.

FIGURE 3 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 3. SEM images of Bathyditrupa hovei AM W.46394. A—anterior tube part, B—lateral view of thorax, C—radioles with operculum, D—dorsal view of thorax showing thoracic membranes, E—lateral view of thorax and radioles showing pinnulated peduncle, F—collar chaetae, G—abdominal chaeta, H—thoracic uncini, I—abdominal uncini, J—thoracic chaetae.

FIGURE 11 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 11. Tube ultrastructures of Hyalopomatus dieteri sp. nov. A–E: PIN 5485/16, A—longitudinal wall section with parabolic texture in middle wall part, B—enlarged outer part consisting of larger slightly elongated and isometric crystals, Cenlarged middle wall part, parabolic texture produced by orientation of elongated crystals along growth lines, D—enlarged inner wall part showing slight transition to isometric smaller crystals, E—oblique longitudinal section through inner wall part showing orientation of crystals transversely to growth axis, F—tube cross-section, G—enlarged cross-section across tube edge, H—enlarged outer wall part, I—details of middle wall part consisting of isometric to slightly elongated crystals in tube edge area, J—details of inner wall part showing layer with ordered cigar-shaped crystals. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth (where known). Abbreviations: g. l.—growth lamellae, o. s.—outer tube surface.

FIGURE 9 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 9. Tube ultrastructures of Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov. A–D and F–J: PIN 5485/13, A—general view of longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer wall part consisting of elongated crystals positioned parallel to direction of tube growth, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated loosely oriented crystals, D—details of inner wall part with clearly visible cavities and thin inner layer, F—transverse section, G—enlarged edge showing inner layer with cavities, Hdetails of outer wall part, I—middle part of tube wall with unoriented crystals, J—details of wall inner part, including cavities and innermost layer. E: PIN 5485/14, empty tube of (?)Bathyvermilia gregrousei sp. nov. identified by ultrastructure only, longitudinal section of anterior tube end showing diagnostic inner layer with cavities. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviations: g. l.—growth lamellae, o. s.—outer tube surface.

FIGURE 15 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 15. Tube ultrastructures of fossil tetragonal serpulids from the Middle Jurassic. A-D: Nogrobs cf. vermicularis PIN 5485/18. A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer part consisting of consolidated crystal aggregates, crystal growth lines are visible; C—enlarged middle wall part containing irregularly-shaped and isometrical crystals; D—enlarged middle (left) and inner (right) wall parts. E-H: Glandifera cf. vertebralis, PIN 5485/03. E—longitudinal wall section; F—enlarged outer to middle part consisting of consolidated aggregates in the outer part, with appearance of isometric crystals in the middle part; G—enlarged middle part of the wall, containing irregularly-shaped and isometrical crystals; H—enlarged inner part of tube wall. Arrows indicate the direction of growth and placed along the axis of parabolic growth lamellae, dashed line marks the inner margin of tube wall. Abbreviation: o. s.—outer tube surface.

FIGURE 2 in Deep-sea serpulids (Annelida: Polychaeta) in tetragonal tubes: on a tube convergence path from the Mesozoic to Recent

FIGURE 2. Tube ultrastructures of Bathyditrupa hovei. A–D: PIN 5485/08, A—longitudinal wall section, B—enlarged outer wall part, C—enlarged middle wall part consisting of elongated crystals, D—enlarged inner wall part showing a thin layer of smaller isometric crystals. E: PIN 5485/09, middle wall part showing loose transverse orientation of crystals (oblique section). F: PIN 5485/11, longitudinal wall section. G–I: PIN 5485/15, a series of tube fragments of different sizes (may belong to different specimens) showing no principal ultrastructural ontogenetic changes. Arrows indicate direction of tube growth. Abbreviation: o. s.—outer tube surface.