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Figure 9 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 9. Resigella laevis sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of test. B, proloculus. C, detail of interdigitated border between smooth organic surface of proloculus and highly ornamented organic surface of later chambers; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in D and F. D, E, surface of chamber immediately in front of proloculus showing mass of finger-like projections; the flat features are probably clay particles. F, G, surface of proloculus.

Figure 8 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 8. Resigella laevis sp. nov. Transmission light micrographs of specimens on open slides in glycerol. A, holotype, reg. no. MPC-02710. B–G, paratypes, reg. nos. MPC-02711-02715. H, I, paratypes, reg. nos. ZF 5170. J–O, other specimens; M shows detail of final chamber with partition in front of stercomata; O shows detail of final chamber with mass of cytoplasm in front of stercomata. All scale bars = 50 Mm except where indicated otherwise.

Figure 7 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 7. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of test; area indicated by box is shown in detail in F. B, damaged region showing curved lines of fracture. C, D, broken sections of the wall showing probable agglutinated grain and lack of internal structure. E, inner surface of wall. F, G, surface of wall showing scale-like patches (probably clay particles) surrounded by masses of tiny, finger-like projections.

Figure 6 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 6. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of entire specimen; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in other images. B, C, progressively closer views of test surface near the aperture. D, E, progressively closer views of test surface near proloculus. Note the finger-like projections covering the surface of the wall in both areas.

Figure 5 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 5. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of test apertures. A, C, D, specimens in which test tapers gently towards circular aperture. B, specimen with abruptly truncated apertural end (entire test shown in Fig. 3E). The specimen shown in D is probable dead (empty); those shown in A–C probably contain cytoplasm. All scale bars = 10 Mm.

Figure 3 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 3. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of entire specimen. B, proloculus with rounded end; boxes indicate areas shown in detail in C and D. C–D, details of proloculus; most of the surface is strewn with rod-like particles but the organic wall is exposed in irregular patches. E, oblique view of aperture. F, general view of entire specimen with pointed proloculus and abruptly truncated distal end.

Figure 4 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 4. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, general view of entire specimen with somewhat crooked shape; box indicates area shown in detail in E. B, proloculus. C, pointed end of proloculus showing tip devoid of agglutinated particles. D, transition between surface of proloculus with agglutinated particles (to left) and predominately organic surface of the main tubular part of the test; note the interdigitation of the two areas. E, detail of surface. F, higher magnification showing tiny, finger-like projections covering test surface.

Figure 16 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 16. Conicotheca nigrans gen. et sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of same specimen. A, general view; area indicated by box is shown in detail in C. B, aperture. C, detail of surface. D, proximal part of test with swollen 'proloculus'; areas indicated by boxes are shown in detail in E and F. E, smooth area on 'proloculus'. F, rough area with scale-like features, probably clay particles.

Figure 2 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 2. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. A, proloculus; box indicates area shown in C. B, transition between surface of proloculus with obvious agglutinated particles (to left) and predominately organic surface of the main tubular part of the test. C–F, progressively closer views showing rod-like agglutinated particles strewn across the surface of the proloculus.

Figure 1 in New organic-walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean)

Figure 1. Nodellum aculeata sp. nov. Transmission light micrographs of type specimens, on open slides in glycerol. A, holotype, reg. no. MPC-02705. B–H, paratypes, reg. nos. ZF 5169; F, detail of distal end showing mass of cytoplasm. I–O, paratypes, reg. nos. MPC-02706-02709; K, detail of proloculus with rounded end; M, detail of distal part of specimen showing abrupt decrease in width and truncated end. All scales bars = 100 Mm except where indicated otherwise.

Fig. 16 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 16. Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov. A. Gross anatomy after removal of right valve and mantle, shell length 5.2 mm (MIMB 43830). B. Labial palps (MIMB 43830). C. Bulbous portion of foot (MIMB 43830). D. Gross anatomy after further removal of right ctenidium (MIMB 43830). E–F. Gross anatomy after further removal of right lateral body pouch (MIMB 43830). G–H. Digestive system, shell length 4.5 mm (MIMB 43826). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, D–E= 1 mm; B–C, F–H = 500 µm.

Fig. 13 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 13. Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov. A–E. Paratype (MIMB 43825), exterior of right valve and dorsal views of both valves, shell length 5.5 mm. D. Lunule. E. Escutcheon with auricle. F. Paratype (MIMB 43825), shell length 5.2 mm. G–H. Variability of shell shape. G. Shell length 3.3 mm (MIMB 43835). H. Shell length 2.3 mm (MIMB 43832). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Parathyasira pauli sp. nov. (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00041). A–B. Dorsal and oblique dorsal views of both valves. C. Lunule. D. Escutcheon. E. Prodissoconchs. F. Interior view of left valve of young specimen, shell length 1.3 mm. G–H. Prodissoconchs of different specimens. Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 9 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Parathyasira pauli sp. nov. (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00041). A. Exterior view of right valve. B. Sculpture of beak region. C–D. Sculpture of central shell part. E. Interior view of left valve. F. Hinge plate of left valve. G. Pits under beak of left valve. H. Interior view of right valve. I. Hinge plate of right valve. J. Prodissoconch.Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, E, H = 1 mm; B–C, F–G, I–J = 100 µm; D = 10 µm.

Fig. 8 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 8. Parathyasira pauli sp. nov. A–G. Holotype (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00039), exterior and dorsal views of both valves, shell length 7.6 mm. H. Paratype (MIMB 43823), shell length 7.0 mm. I. Paratype (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00040), shell length 6.5 mm. J–K. Variability of shell shape (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00041). J. Shell length 4.9 mm. K. Shell length 3.8 mm. Scale bars: A–B, D–K = 1 mm; C = 500 µm.

Fig. 14 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov. (MIMB 43836). A. Exterior view of left valve. B. Sculpture of beak region. C–D. Sculpture of central shell part. E. Interior view of left valve. F. Hinge plate of left valve. G. Interior view of right valve. H. Hinge plate of right valve. I. Hinge plate of right valve with pits. J. Pits under beak of left valve. Scale bars: A, E–H = 1 mm; B–D, I = 100 µm; J = 50 µm.

Fig. 11 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 11. Parathyasira pauli sp. nov. (IORAS OBF collection Cat. BIV00041). A. Gross anatomy after removal of right valve and mantle, shell length 4.3 mm. B. Gross anatomy after removal of right valve, mantle, ctenidium, and anterior adductor muscle, shell length 4.3 mm. C. Labial palps. D. Bulbous portion of foot. E. Gross anatomy after further removal of right lateral body pouch. F–G. Digestive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D, G = 500 µm.

Fig. 15 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 15. Scanning electron micrographs of Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov.A–B. Dorsal and oblique dorsal views of both valves (MIMB 43835). C–D. Escutcheon with auricle (MIMB 43835). E. Prodissoconchs. (MIMB 43835). F. Prodissoconch (MIMB 43826). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 5 in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 5. Parathyasira coani sp. nov. A. Gross anatomy after removal of left valve, mantle, and anterior adductor muscle, shell length 7.5 mm (MIMB 43819). B. Gross anatomy after further removal of left ctenidium (MIMB 43819). C. Exhalant aperture (MIMB 43819). D. Bulbous portion of foot (MIMB 43819). E. Gross anatomy after further removal of left lateral body pouch (MIMB 43819). F. Labial palps (MIMB 43819). G. Kidney with granules (MIMB 43819). H–I. Digestive system (MIMB 43819). J. Gross anatomy of specimen with anterior adductor muscle after removal of right valve, mantle, right ctenidium, and right lateral body pouch, shell length 5.5 mm (MIMB 43818). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. A–C in Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 7. A–C. Parathyasira biscayensis Payne & Allen, 1991. D–J. Axinulus obliquus Okutani, 1968. A. Holotype (MNHN-IM-38099), shell length 8.2 mm (photos by P. Maestrati (MNHN)). B–C. Paratype (MNHN-IM-38100), shell length 7.3 mm (photos by P. Maestrati (MNHN)). D–G. Holotype (NSMT Mo 69719), shell length 19.0 mm. H–I. Exterior and dorsal views of small specimen from the locality of the paratype (NSMT Mo 69720), shell length 10.0 mm (photos by Dr H. Saito (NSMT)). J. Dorsal view of paratype (NSMT Mo 69720), shell length 16.5 mm (photo by Dr H. Saito (NSMT)). Scale bars = 1 mm.