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FIGURES 1–7 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 1–7. Antodynerus dictatorius (Giordani Soika, 1935). 1–3, 6, ♀. 4–5, 7, ♂. 1, Habitus in dorsal view. 2, 4, Head in frontal view. 3, Head in dorsal view. 5, F5–F11 in lateral view. 6, Tegula in dorsal view. 7, T2–T3 in dorsal view.
FIGURES 8–14 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 8–14. Antodynerus imitator Selis, sp. nov. 8–10, 13, ♀. 11–12, 14, ♂. 8, Habitus in dorsal view. 9, 11, Head in frontal view. 10, Head in dorsal view. 12, F4–F11 in lateral view. 13, Tegula in dorsal view. 14, T2–T3 in dorsal view.
FIGURE 3 in On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
FIGURE 3. MicroCT images of a male of Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Phalangiidae) with everted penis, latero-ventral view. Inset shows detail of penis sheath, latero-dorsal view. P: penis, S: penis sheath, Asterisk marks the loop of the proximal region of the sheath when the penis is everted. MicroCT images courtesy of Rachel Werneck.
FIGURE 2 in On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
FIGURE 2. Female and male Gagrellinae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Sclerosomatidae) in copula. P: penis, S: penis sheath, ♀: female, Ƌ: male. Photo courtesy of Melvyn Yeo, taken in Johor, Malaysia.
FIGURE 1 in On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
FIGURE 1. Drawing of the only specimen of the proposed Devonian harvestman, Devonopilio hutchinsoni, redrawn from photo in Tihelka et al. (2020). The penis and shaft are based on interpretations by Tihelka et al. but are rejected here. Tihelka et al. did not interpret the structure that we have proposed as a cross section of a tergite in an undetermined arthropod.
Data from: Anatomical and ontogenetic reassessment of the Ediacaran frond Arborea arborea and its placement within total group Eumetazoa
Organisms in possession of a frondose body plan are amongst the oldest and most enigmatic members of the soft‐bodied Ediacaran macrobiota. Appraisal of specimens from the late Ediacaran Ediacara Member of South Australia reveals that the frondose taxon Arborea arborea probably possessed a fluid‐filled holdfast disc, the size and form of which could vary within populations. Mouldic preservation of internal anatomical features provides evidence for tissue differentiation, and for bundles of tubular structures within the stalk of the organism. These structures connect in a fascicled arrangement to individual lateral branches, before dividing further into individual units housed on those branches. The observed fascicled branching arrangement, which seemingly connects individual units to the main body of the organism, is consistent with a biologically modular construction for Arborea, and raises the possibility of a colonial organization. In conjunction with morphological characters previously recognized by other authors, including apical‐basal and front‐back differentiation, we propose that to the exclusion of all alternative known possibilities, Arborea can be resolved as a total group eumetazoan.
Data from: INSTRAL: discordance-aware phylogenetic placement using quartet scores
Phylogenomic analyses have increasingly adopted species tree reconstruction using methods that account for gene tree discordance using pipelines that require both human effort and computational resources. As the number of available genomes continues to increase, a new problem is facing researchers. Once more species become available, they have to repeat the whole process from the beginning because updating species trees is currently not possible. However, the de novo inference can be prohibitively costly in human effort or machine time. In this paper, we introduce INSTRAL, a method that extends ASTRAL to enable phylogenetic placement. INSTRAL is designed to place a new species on an existing species tree after sequences from the new species have already been added to gene trees; thus, INSTRAL is complementary to existing placement methods that update gene trees.
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies
Gobioidei is one of the largest suborders of teleost fishes, with nearly 2000 extant species currently recognized. They have a worldwide distribution and show a spectacular variety in morphology, ecology, and behavior. Despite their importance, phylogenetic relationships among many groups of gobioids (including some of the major lineages) still remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze sequence data of five molecular markers (two mitochondrial and three nuclear) averaging 6000 bp for 222 species of gobioids. Our study is the first to include both multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes to reconstruct a comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of gobioids encompassing most major lineages representing the overall diversity of one of the most speciose vertebrate lineages. Two separate datasets are produced and used to specifically address the phylogenetic placement of Rhyacichthyidae and Odontobutidae, and the phylogenetic relationships among the lineages of Gobioidei. Our results strongly support that the initial split in the gobioid tree separated a clade containing Rhyacichthyidae + Odontobutidae as the sister group of all other lineages. The family Eleotrididae branches off the gobioid tree after the Rhyacichthyidae + Odontobutidae clade, followed by the Butidae as sister to the Gobiidae. Additionally, several major monophyletic groups are confidently identified within the two major Gobiidae subclades, the gobiine-like gobiids and the gobionelline-like gobiids. Robustness of the phylogenetic trees inferred here is significantly higher than that of previous studies, hence our results provide the most compelling molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of Gobioidei thus far. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive sampling of European gobies that traditionally have been divided into "transverse" and "sand gobies". We show that the European gobies cluster in three distinct lineages, the Pomatoschistus-, Aphia-, and Gobius-lineages. The former resolved within the gobionelline-like gobiids and the latter two within the gobiine-like gobiids. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the phylogeographic origin of European gobies in the light of the closure of the Paratethys. A rogue taxon analysis identified Kraemeria as an unstable taxon decreasing support at the base of the gobiine-like gobiids. Removal of this rogue taxon significantly increased phylogenetic resolution in that part of the tree and revealed additional insights into early bursts of cladogenesis of the gobiine-like gobiids.
Data from: Random versus game trail-based camera trap placement strategy for monitoring terrestrial mammal communities
Camera trap surveys exclusively targeting features of the landscape that increase the probability of photographing one or several focal species are commonly used to draw inferences on the richness, composition and structure of entire mammal communities. However, these studies ignore expected biases in species detection arising from sampling only a limited set of potential habitat features. In this study, we test the influence of camera trap placement strategy on community-level inferences by carrying out two spatially and temporally concurrent surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammal species within Tanzania's Ruaha National Park, employing either strictly game trail-based or strictly random camera placements. We compared the richness, composition and structure of the two observed communities, and evaluated what makes a species significantly more likely to be caught at trail placements. Observed communities differed marginally in their richness and composition, although differences were more noticeable during the wet season and for low levels of sampling effort. Lognormal models provided the best fit to rank abundance distributions describing the structure of all observed communities, regardless of survey type or season. Despite this, carnivore species were more likely to be detected at trail placements relative to random ones during the dry season, as were larger bodied species during the wet season. Our findings suggest that, given adequate sampling effort (> 1400 camera trap nights), placement strategy is unlikely to affect inferences made at the community level. However, surveys should consider more carefully their choice of placement strategy when targeting specific taxonomic or trophic groups.
FIGURE 1 in The placement of Engiscaptomyza, Grimshawomyia, and Titanochaeta, three clades of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae (Diptera)
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae (after Bonacum 2001), with particular emphasis on the genus Scaptomyza and associated groups (Titanochaeta, Grimshawomyia, and Engiscaptomyza). Numbers above the line at each node are bootstrap proportions, numbers below the line are decay indices (after Bonacum 2001; see text for details). Numbers of species sampled/total species described in a group is tabulated individually for the Hawaiian Drosophila lineages, as well as for the Hawaiian Drosophila and genus Scaptomyza as a whole (numbers are not additive due to species unplaced in described groups). Chromosome numbers for the ancestor of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae (N=6) and groups where two independent fusions are inferred (modified mouthpart group and genus Scaptomyza) are mapped on the tree, after (Clayton et al. 1972; Yoon et al. 1975).
FIGURES 56. 5 in The placement of Engiscaptomyza, Grimshawomyia, and Titanochaeta, three clades of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae (Diptera)
FIGURES 56. 5, Male terminalia of Scaptomyza (Grimshawomyia) perkinsi (Grimshaw); 6, Male terminalia of Scaptomyza (Grimshawomyia) palata (Hardy).
Center or Periphery? Modeling the Effects of Focal Adhesion Placement during Cell Spreading
<p>All data associate with paper Center or <em>Periphery? Modeling the Effects of Focal Adhesion Placement during Cell Spreading</em> by Magdalena Stolarska and Aravind Rammohan</p>
FIGURES 1–8 in On the generic placement and taxonomic status of some Miltochrista taxa described by Franz Daniel (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Lyclene (1–7) and Miltochrista (8) spp.: adults. 1, L. clara, holotype male, China, Li-kiang (ZFMK); 2, L. clara, paratype female, China, Li-kiang (ZFMK); 3, L. tibeta, holotype male, China, A-tun-tse (ZFMK); 4, L. tibeta, paratype male, China, A-tun-tse (ZFMK); 5, L. gilva, holotype male, China, Batang (Tibet) (ZFMK); 6, L. gilva, paratype female, China, Batang (Tibet) (ZFMK); 7, L. humilis, a type species of Lyclene, Nepal (CAV); 8, M. miniata, a type species of Miltochrista, West Siberia (CAV).
FIGURES 60–63 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 60–63. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. tmetopterus (L. nurataicus sensu Palij). 60 spermatheca. 61 vaginal palpi. 62 abdominal tergites. 63 tignum and internal abdominal sclerites.
FIGURES 49–53 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 49–53. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. sogdianus. 49 spermatheca. 50 vaginal palpi. 51 abdominal tergites. 52 tignum and internal abdominal sclerites. 53 abdominal sternites.
FIGURES 17–21 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 17–21. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. borisi. 17 spermatheca. 18 abdominal tergites. 19 vaginal palpi. 20 tignum. 21 abdominal sternites.
FIGURES 12–16 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 12–16. Median lobe of aedeagus (ventral and lateral views).12 L. sengloki. 13 L. sogdianus. 14 L. tmetopterus. 15 L. truncatellus. 16 L. turkomanorum.
FIGURES 39–43 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 39–43. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. nadiae. 39 spermatheca. 40 vaginal palpi. 41 tignum and internal abdominal sclerites. 42 abdominal sternites. 43 abdominal tergites.
FIGURES 64–66 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 64–66. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. tmetopterus (Lectotype). 64 spermatheca. 65 tignum and internal abdominal sclerites. 66 vaginal palpi.
FIGURES 31–34 in New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
FIGURES 31–34. Female abdomen and genitalia of L. igori. 31 spermatheca. 32 abdominal tergites. 33 vaginal palpi. 34 tignum and internal abdominal sclerites.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.