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5,738 results for “Standards”
Simulated pp collisions at 13 TeV with 2 leptons + 1 b jet final state and selected benchmark Beyond the Standard Model signals
<p>This data-set is comprised of simulated events of pp collisions at 13 TeV with 2 leptons + 1 bottom jet sinal state, with HT > 500 GeV. It includes the following samples</p> <ul> <li>Standard-Model background (bkg), generated at leading order includes the sub-samples Z+Jets, ttbar, WW, WZ, and ZZ. <ul> <li>The processes were generated in kinematic regions to ensure good statistics across the whole phase space. The sampling was carried out using event generation filters at parton level as follows <ul> <li>ttbar: pT <100 GeV; pT in [100, 250] GeV; pT > 250 GeV</li> <li>The scalar sum of the pT of outgoing particles for Z+Jet: ST < 250 Gev; ST in [250, 500] GeV; ST > 500 GeV</li> <li>W/Z pT for dibosons: pT < 250 GeV; pT in [250, 500] GeV; pT > 500 GeV</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li>Vector-like T-quarks with masses 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 TeV (hq1000, hq1200, hq14000) pair produced either through the Standard-Model gluon (wohg) or through a BSM 3TeV heavy gluon (hg3000)</li> <li>tZ production through a Flavour Changing Neutral Current (fcnc) vertex</li> </ul> <p>The samples are provided with both a full set of features, or with a sanitised set of features. The sanitised features remove some accumulation at zeros from non-reconstructed objects (i.e. missing values). All samples were generated using MadGraph5 2.6.5 and the detector was simulated using Delphes 3 with the default CMS card. For the Standard-Model background, both Pythia 8.2 (with CMS CUETP8M1 underlying event tune and NNPDF 2.3 parton distribution functions) (pythia) and Herwig 7 (herwig) hadronisations are provided to compare the background simulation. For the BSM signals only Pythia is provided.</p> <p>For the details of the generation and on the differences between the two feature sets please refer to <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140%2Fepjc%2Fs10052-020-08807-w">Finding new physics without learning about it: anomaly detection as a tool for searches at colliders</a> for more details. Each file provides a train:validation:split with the ratios 1:1:1 to ensure equal statistical description of the events at each step of the machine learning workflow.</p>
Hubble's Constant with GW170817 Standard Siren and GW190814 Dark Siren
<p>The local universe expansion rate is one of the most fundamental and essential cosmological parameters. This value which is known by the name of Hubble’s Constant is scientifically measured by electromagnetic sources called distance ladder. Surprisingly, using Gravitational Wave (GW) analysis this value can be measured making GW sources another significant method to act as standard sirens with their electromagnetic counterparts from their host galaxy. The gravitational wave event GW 170817 was the outcome of the merger of two different neutron stars. The electromagnetic event was recorded from the host galaxy NGC4993. The GW170817 has been a considerable success in this direction measuring the value of universe acceleration H0 = 70.0+12.0 −8.0 kms−1 Mpc−1. Another event in this series GW190817 is Compact Binary Coalescence involving a 22.2 – 24.3 The EM counterpart of this event is unknown so far and hence the event is named Dark Siren.The Hubble’s value proposed with this even is close to H0 = 75+59 −13 km s−1Mpc−1 .The source GW190814 which involves a massive black hole and the other compact object as the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star was localized to 18.5 deg2 at a distance of Mpc.</p>
Text-fig. 1. Result of cumulative random counting of MN 5 localities in central Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Ten simulations were run for each area. a. Results of the count including the average in bold, showing the clearly lower diversity in IB. b. The average lines standardized, showing similar patterns in the two areas. Note that in the simulation around thirty localities were needed to capture 80 % of the regional diversity. in Generically Speaking, A Survey On Neogene Rodent Diversity At The Genus Level In The Now Database
Text-fig. 1. Result of cumulative random counting of MN 5 localities in central Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Ten simulations were run for each area. a. Results of the count including the average in bold, showing the clearly lower diversity in IB. b. The average lines standardized, showing similar patterns in the two areas. Note that in the simulation around thirty localities were needed to capture 80 % of the regional diversity.
Text-fig. 4. Lithostratigraphy of the BCB and standard ammonite zonation in relation to Schloenbachia lymensis occurrence. a. Plaňany. b. Slaný. Dashed lines indicate chronostratigraphic ranges of marine strata in both localities. For detailed litho- and biostratigraphy of the Pecínov Member see Košťák et al. (2018). in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Text-fig. 4. Lithostratigraphy of the BCB and standard ammonite zonation in relation to Schloenbachia lymensis occurrence. a. Plaňany. b. Slaný. Dashed lines indicate chronostratigraphic ranges of marine strata in both localities. For detailed litho- and biostratigraphy of the Pecínov Member see Košťák et al. (2018).
Text-fig. 8. Plot of discriminant scores (R1/R2) of individual m1 of Apodemus spp. from particular Pleistocene biozones superimposed onto a plot of variation ranges for the respective variables for the Recent Apodemus sample (standardized discrimination scores based on nine most significant variables). in Genus Apodemus In The Pleistocene Of Central Europe: When Did The Extant Taxa Appear?
Text-fig. 8. Plot of discriminant scores (R1/R2) of individual m1 of Apodemus spp. from particular Pleistocene biozones superimposed onto a plot of variation ranges for the respective variables for the Recent Apodemus sample (standardized discrimination scores based on nine most significant variables).
Text-fig. 1. Line drawings of idealized murine left first molars, M1 above (a) and m1 below (b). Standard Cope-Osborn terminology is used for the cusps, with equivalent t1 to t12 terminology and specialized cingulum cusp names for m1. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)
Text-fig. 1. Line drawings of idealized murine left first molars, M1 above (a) and m1 below (b). Standard Cope-Osborn terminology is used for the cusps, with equivalent t1 to t12 terminology and specialized cingulum cusp names for m1.
Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013). in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)
Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013).
OISSTv2 standardized daily SST in Eastern tropical Pacific
<p>OISSTv2 standardized daily sea surface temperatures (SST) of 11 different 60x60 latitutde x longitude tiles in the eastern tropical Pacific.</p> <p>Time coverage: 1982-2021</p>
LAGOS-AND: A Large Gold Standard Dataset for MAG/OpenAlex Author Name Disambiguation
<p>We present a large gold standard dataset for author name disambiguation (AND) research (LAGOS-AND), which contains two sub-datasets, LAGOS-AND-BLOCK and LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE. The datasets were automatically built by using the two authoritative sources, ORCID and DOI, based on the ORCID open database and an open literature database (MAG or OpenAlex).</p> <p>The currently available versions of the LAGOS-AND datasets are:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Version 1.0 (MAG+ORCID)</strong>: This is the initial version of the LAGOS-AND dataset, the evaluation results and quality control measures of this version dataset can be found in this paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01821">https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01821</a>.</li> <li><strong>Version 2.0 (OpenAlex+ORCID)</strong>: This version builds on OpenAlex instead of MAG because MAG was discontinued on 31 December 2021, and OpenAlex not only positions itself as a drop-in replacement for MAG but also keeps evolving by aggregating academic resources from other repositories. In addition, the pairwise-based sub-dataset (LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE v2.0) improves the accuracy of labeled authorship (class label) as compared to LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE v1.0.</li> </ol> <p>Note that there are other versions of the dataset, which we call "pre-release". We recommend users to use the normal version of the dataset. These pre-release versions were originally intended to be released as the normal versions. However, during the preparation of the research paper, we found an issue with the dataset and the reviewers also made some reasonable requests for the dataset. This led us to update the dataset. Unfortunately, the Zenodo platform does not allow updates to the same version of dataset, so we had to create new versions. The created pre-release datasets are as follows:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Version 2.0-alpha</strong>: For few samples in LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE, the class labels are incorrect. We improve the accuracy of the class label in the normal Version 2.0 dataset by using a better random sampling approach.</li> <li><strong>Version 1.0-beta</strong>: We created this version because a sub-dataset of this version LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE contains only ~500K author pairs, while it should contain ~1M author pairs, as described in our paper. We fixed the problem in the Version 1.0 dataset.</li> <li><strong>Version 1.0-alpha</strong>: The earliest dataset uploaded to Zenodo, corresponding to the original dataset before addressing the reviewers' comments and suggestions. In contrast, the dataset in Version 1.0 is the dataset after the reviewers' comments and suggestions have been addressed.</li> </ol>
Characterizing the automatic radon flux Transfer Standard system Autoflux: laboratory calibration and field experiments
<p>Data from the manuscript: Characterizing the automatic radon flux Transfer Standard system Autoflux: laboratory calibration and field experiments.</p> <p>The present folder contains:</p> <ol> <li>Exhalation Bed data (data and plots from the characterization of the exhalation bed of the Cantabria University)</li> <li>ANSTO Autoflux (data and plots of the calibration of the Autoflux radon flux system)</li> <li>INTE_UPC (data and plots of the calibration of the INTE_UPC radon flux system)</li> </ol>
Multiplexed and scalable cellular phenotyping toward the standardized three-dimensional human neuropathology
<p>The dataset for the publication. Cite the publication if you use the datasets.</p>
Dataset for the publication "The Use of Voltage Transformers for the Measurement of Power System Subharmonics in Compliance With International Standards"
<p>This is dataset for paper published:</p> <p>G. Crotti, G. D’Avanzo, P. S. Letizia and M. Luiso, "The Use of Voltage Transformers for the Measurement of Power System Subharmonics in Compliance With International Standards," in <em>IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement</em>, vol. 71, pp. 1-12, 2022, Art no. 9005912, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2022.3204318.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Time series of bird abundances, land cover and temperature from standardized breeding bird monitoring schemes (line transects and point count routes) from Norway, Sweden and Finland, for 1975-2016
<p><span>These data on bird species abundance and environmental variables were used in testing and comparing two different species distribution model validation methods that are applied to models which are used to predict the effects of climate change on species' distributions. The aim of the study was to investigate whether different validation methods give different results of the model's predictive performance and to demonstrate that validation methods based on measuring and validating a "static" pattern in distribution can assess model performance over-optimistically compared to methods based on measuring and validating a "change" in the distribution, which can assess the predictive performance more critically. </span></p>
Gollum: A Gold Standard for Large Scale\\Multi Source Knowledge Graph Matching
<p>The set of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) generated with automatic and manual approaches is constantly growing.<br> For an integrated view and usage, an alignment between these KGs is necessary on the schema as well as instance level.<br> There are already approaches which try to tackle this multi source knowledge graph matching problem,<br> but large gold standards are missing to evaluate their effectiveness and scalability.<br> In particular, most existing gold standards are fairly small and can be solved by matchers which match exactly two KGs (1:1), which are the majority of existing matching systems.<br> <br> We close this gap by presenting Gollum -- a gold standard for large-scale multi source knowledge graph matching with over 275,000 correspondences between 4,149 different KGs.<br> They originate from knowledge graphs derived by applying the DBpedia extraction framework to a large wiki farm.<br> <br> Three variations of the gold standard are made available:<br> (1) a version with all correspondences for evaluating unsupervised matching approaches, and two versions for evaluating supervised matching: (2) one where each KG is contained both in the train and test set, and (3) one where each KG is exclusively contained in the train or the test set.</p> <p><br> We plan to extend our KG track at the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) to allow for matching systems <br> which are specifically designed to solve the multi KG matching problem.<br> As a first step towards this direction, we evaluate multi source matching approaches which reuse two-KG (1:1) matchers from the past OAEI.</p> <p> </p> <p>Due to the size of the KG files, they are hosted at the institute:</p> <p><a href="http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/40K.tar">http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/40K.tar</a> (50,3 GB)<br> <a href="http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/all.tar">http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/all.tar</a> (74,7 GB)<br> <a href="http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/gold.tar">http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/dbkwik/gollum/gold.tar</a> (25,3 GB)</p>
Dementia mortality rates at the provincial level in Italy from 2012-2019 in the form of Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR)
<p>Dementia is becoming increasingly prevalent in the global population and has been designated as a worldwide public health priority by the World Health Organization. In Italy, it is projected that by 2051, there will be 280 elderly individuals for every 100 young individuals, resulting in a rise in all age-related chronic diseases, including dementia. Presently, the estimated number of individuals suffering from dementia is over 1 million, predominantly with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Comprehensive investigations into the causes of dementia pose challenges due to the intricate nature of these conditions and their prolonged course. This database presents mortality rates for AD and PD at the provincial level in Italy over an 8-year period (2012-2019) in the form of Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR). Access to long-term, spatially detailed, and easily accessible data could promote both health monitoring and the exploration of new treatments, drugs, and innovative methodologies for early dementia diagnosis.</p>
Supporting data and tool, for the paper "A standardized methodology for the validation of air quality forecast applications (F-MQO): Lessons learnt from its application across Europe"
<p>This 'Zenodo' contains supporting data and tools, for the paper 'A standardized methodology for the validation of air quality forecast applications (F-MQO): Lessons learnt from its application across Europe'.</p> <p>The repository includes the source code (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/fdcaf2a5-5289-44f5-96db-6dda29c5cb6c/DELTA_7.2.zip">DELTA_7.2.zip</a>) and the dataset (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/fdcaf2a5-5289-44f5-96db-6dda29c5cb6c/GMD_Vitali_et_all_data_20230516.zip">GMD_Vitali_et_all_data_20230516.zip</a>).</p>
Data for ms. Dairy cattle welfare – the relative effect of legislation, industry standards and labelled niche production in five European countries
<p>Repository R 1: Scores on dimension values and weight on dimension from 38 international experts. </p> <p>Repository R2: Country Benchmark scores from 38 international experts.</p>
ΔvapHm-RDKit: Standard Vaporization Enthalpy Database
<p>We present a database to Predict Standard Vaporization Enthalpies through Intelligible Features.</p><p>This database presents a variety of molecules of diverse chemical families with known experimental Standard Vaporization Enthalpy (Δvap<i>H</i>m°) values. Entries were collected from the <a href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/">NIST WebBook Library</a> through a web scraping routine, considering only Δvap<i>H</i>m° experimental values, ranging from 15 kJ mol-1 to 400 kJ mol-1. Experimental value scrapping was automatically made, without duplicates, by selecting the first listed value (either a from single or average of values as determined by NIST). The database includes each value's original literature, along with experimental uncertainties (when available). </p><p>Each compound is represented by its molecular family, SMILES string and respective InChlKey & InChl identifiers. The curated database consists of 1781 molecules over 15 different chemical families. The chemical descriptors used to feed our model were generated using <a href="http://www.rdkit.org/">RDKit</a> version 2022.09.4, running on top of Python 3.9. Descriptors were calculated from the "MolFromSmiles" function in "RDKIT.Chem" as descriptors with non-numerical values were removed. The descriptors encode significant chemical information and are used to present physicochemical characteristics of compounds, building a relationship between structure and Δvap<i>H</i>m° determinations.</p><p>Through Machine Learning regression algorithms, we have developed models that were able to make accurate Δvap<i>H</i>m° predictions, based on the information encoded in each chemical feature. Our models can be accessed through <a href="https://github.com/jfcaetano/EnthVapML">GitHub</a>.</p>
Datasets for "Relic gravitational waves from the chiral plasma instability in the standard cosmological model"
<pre>This directory contains an index.html file with links to the run directories and idl plotting routines with secondary data for the other figures for the paper "Relic Gravitational Waves from the Chiral Plasma Instability in the Standard Cosmological Model". If anything turns out to be incomplete, please email brandenb@nordita.org.</pre>
Figure 5 in Trapping Pestiferous Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Additional Studies on the Performance of Solid Bactrocera Male Lures and Separate Insecticidal Strips Relative to Standard Liquid Lures
Figure 5. Captures of Bactrocera cucurbitae males in traps baited with toxicants of variable age. Data for DDVP strips weathered in Arizona and Florida are given in top and bottom plots, respectively. While toxicant age varied among treatments, the lure was fresh (no weathering) in all treatments. All traps were baited with fresh liquid CL, except the Fresh DDVP treatment which employed a fresh CL plug. Height of bar represents mean number of males captured per trap (n = 15 traps per treatment) in a 24-h period; error bars are + 1 SE. No significant variation existed among treatments for either Arizona (F = 2.5, P = 0.07) or Florida (F = 0.5, P = 0.66). Bars sharing a letter did not differ significantly (P> 0.05).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.