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11,837 results for “Stress;”
Figure 2 in Osmotic induction of stress proteins in nemerteans
Figure 2. Weight changes in Paranemertes peregrina during exposure to 34‰ (control), and 29 and 24‰ (hyposmotic) conditions for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Values (%) are expressed as means¡standard error.
Elucidating gene expression adaptation of phylogenetically divergent coral holobionts under heat stress
<p>As coral reefs struggle to survive under climate change, it is crucial to know whether they have the capacity to withstand changing conditions, particularly increasing seawater temperatures. Thermal tolerance requires the integrative response of the different components of the coral holobiont (coral host, algal photosymbiont, and associated microbiome). Here, using a controlled thermal stress experiment across three divergent Caribbean coral species, we attempt to dissect holobiont member metatranscriptome responses from coral taxa with different sensitivities to heat stress and use phylogenetic ANOVA to study the evolution of gene expression adaptation. We show that coral response to heat stress is a complex trait derived from multiple interactions among holobiont members. We identify host and photosymbiont genes that exhibit lineage-specific expression level adaptation and uncover potential roles for bacterial associates in supplementing the metabolic needs of the coral-photosymbiont duo during heat stress. Our results stress the importance of integrative and comparative approaches across a wide range of species to better understand coral survival under the predicted rise in sea surface temperatures.</p>
Fig. 1 in Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination
Fig. 1. Effects of cadmium exposure on aggressiveness parameters of Nile tilapia. Values are means (± SD). * = Statistically different from control.
Improving wheat yield prediction using secondary traits and high-density phenotyping under heat stressed environments
<p>A primary selection target for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement is grain yield. However, the selection for yield is limited by the extent of field trials, fluctuating environments, and the time needed to obtain multiyear assessments. Secondary traits such as spectral reflectance and canopy temperature (CT), which can be rapidly measured many times throughout the growing season, are frequently correlated with grain yield and could be used for indirect selection in large populations particularly in earlier generations in the breeding cycle prior to replicated yield testing. While proximal sensing data collection is increasingly implemented with high-throughput platforms that provide powerful and affordable information, efficient and effective use of these data is challenging. The objective of this study was to monitor wheat growth and predict grain yield in wheat breeding trials using high-density proximal sensing measurements under extreme terminal heat stress that is common in Bangladesh. Over five growing seasons, we analyzed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and CT measurements collected in elite breeding lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. We explored several variable reduction and regularization techniques followed by using the combined secondary traits to predict grain yield. Across years, grain yield heritability ranged from 0.30 to 0.72, with variable secondary trait heritability (0.0–0.6), while the correlation between grain yield and secondary traits ranged from−0.5 to 0.5. The prediction accuracy was calculated by a cross-fold validation approach as the correlation between observed and predicted grain yield using univariate and multivariate models. We found that the multivariate models resulted in higher prediction accuracies for grain yield than the univariate models. Stepwise regression performed equal to, or better than, other models in predicting grain yield. When incorporating all secondary traits into the models, we obtained high prediction accuracies (0.58–0.68) across the five growing seasons. Our results show that the optimized phenotypic prediction models can leverage secondary traits to deliver accurate predictions of wheat grain yield, allowing breeding programs to make more robust and rapid selections.</p>
Leisure time improves perceived stress and happiness of postgraduate advisors
<p>The sample comprised 205 advisors who completed the Sociodemographic, Labor and Health Questionnaire (SLHQ) and the Occupational Stress Index (OSI). Of the total sample, 66 advisors (32.2%) completed (for 10 consecutive days) the Daily Activity Protocols (DAP) about time management of sleep, daily activities, work and leisure time; and also completed Visual Analog Scales (VAS) on perceived stress, happiness, and quality of leisure. <em>Results:</em> Performing leisure activities with others had a positive moderate correlation with perceived happiness (ρ=0.43) and a negative weak correlation with perceived stress (ρ=0.26), particularly when leisure time was spent with family (ρ=0.40). There were also positive moderate correlations for leisure time with friends (ρ=0.32) and leisure time alone (ρ=0.38). <em>Conclusions:</em> Leisure time spent with others or alone was associated with greater perceived happiness of advisors, lower perceived stress and better mental health.</p>
Haplotype analysis of GWAS candidates identified for root:shoot ratio changes under salt stress in Arabidopsis
<p>The haplotype analysis was performed on 7 loci identified through GWAS by Magdalena Julkowska, while she was a PostDoc at KAUST, Saudi Arabia, workin in the lab of Dr. Mark Tester.</p>
Data from: Measurement of stress-induced sympathetic nervous activity using multi-wavelength photoplethysmography
<p>The onset of stress triggers sympathetic arousal (SA), which causes detectable changes to physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, dilation of the pupils and sweat release. The objective quantification of SA has tremendous potential to prevent and manage psychological disorders. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive method to measure skin blood flow changes, has been used to estimate SA indirectly. However, the impact of various wavelengths of the PPG signal has not been investigated for estimating SA. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using various statistical and nonlinear features derived from peak-to-peak (AC) values of PPG signals of different wavelengths (green, blue, infrared and red) to estimate stress-induced changes in SA and compare their performances. The impact of two physical stressors, Cold Pressor and Hand Grip, is studied on 32 healthy individuals. The results show that the nonlinear features are the most promising in detecting stress-induced sympathetic activity. TotalSampEn feature was capable of detecting stress-induced changes in SA for all wavelengths, whereas other features (Petrosian, AvgSampEn) are significant (AUC≥0.8$) only for IR and Red wavelengths. The outcomes of this study can be used to make device design decisions as well as develop stress detection algorithms.</p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
Photophysiology and molecular responses of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf glaucum exposed to heat and high light stress
<p>An experiment testing different temperatures (26 vs 32 ºC) and light intensities (high light HL and low light LL, ∼662 and 253 µmol photons m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) was carried out using the soft coral <em>Sarcophyton</em> cf <em>glaucum</em> (leather coral) as model species.</p> <p>In summary, corals were exposed to the different light intensities for 30 days (Photoacclimation, time-point 1) and a subsequent marine heatwave simulation was carried out for 10 days (Marine heatwave, time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (Recovery, time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F<sub>0</sub>), as a proxy of chlorophyll <em>a</em> content; and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione-S-transferase - GST, total antioxidant capacity - TAC, lipid peroxidation - LPO, ubiquitin - UBI, and heat shock protein 70 - Hsp70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points.</p>
Data for: Triose phosphate utilization stress during photosynthesis addressed with dynamic assimilation measurements
<p>Oscillations in CO2 assimilation rate and associated fluorescence parameters have been observed alongside the triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation of photosynthesis for nearly 50 years. However, the mechanics of these oscillations are poorly understood. Here we utilize the recently developed Dynamic Assimilation Techniques (DAT) for measuring the rate of CO2 assimilation to increase our understanding of what physiological condition is required to cause oscillations. We found that TPU limiting conditions alone were insufficient, and that plants must enter TPU limitation quickly to cause oscillations. We found that ramps of CO2 caused oscillations proportional in strength to the speed of the ramp, and that ramps induce oscillations with worse outcomes than oscillations induced by step change of CO2 concentration. An initial overshoot is caused due to a temporary excess of available phosphate. During the overshoot, the plant out-performs steady state TPU and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration limitations of photosynthesis but cannot exceed the rubisco limitation. We performed additional optical measurements which support the role of photosystem I reduction and oscillations in availability of NADP+ and ATP in supporting oscillations.</p>
Data for: Effects of parental age on salt stress tolerance in an aquatic plant
<p>Parental age influences components of offspring fitness in many species. The ability to tolerate stress also affects fitness, but less is known regarding changes in offspring stress tolerance with increasing parental age, especially in plants. We examined first and fifth-born clonal offspring (using birth order as a proxy for parental age), and compared their fitness in several sub-lethal concentrations of salt (NaCl), to investigate the interactive effects of birth order and salt stress on the offspring of the aquatic plant <em>Lemna minor </em>L. We found that increasing salt concentration reduced reproduction particularly at early ages, which detrimentally affected fitness, as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Fifth offspring had greater fitness than first offspring, potentially due to the hump-shaped relationship between offspring fitness and birth order observed in other studies on <em>Lemna</em>, with fifth offspring near the peak of the hump. We found no interactive effect of birth order and salt concentration on offspring fitness; however, there were interactive effects on the time to first reproduction and the size of fronds. Specifically, first offspring exposed to increasing salt concentrations exhibited longer delays to first reproduction and grew to a greater size, while fifth offspring showed little change in either variable with increasing salt concentration. Thus, variation in birth order affected offspring response to salt stress, although not in terms of fitness. These results help illuminate factors impacting the age-specific strength of natural selection and stress responses, and may be environmentally relevant in the context of environmental salinization.</p>
Cowpea GWAS drought stress in early vegetative stage
<p>The GWAS outputs for Cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em>) responses to drought stress at early vegetative stress. The cowpea seedlings (miniCore population) were exposed to drought stress at 17 days after germination using the weight of the pot and AAWEsmo device, developed in Julkowska Lab, Boyce Thompson Institute. The seedlings were kept at 60 and 10% of soil water holding capacity for 2 weeks and the data on cowpea shoot size, evapotranspiration and photosystem II efficiency was collected. The data was assembled and curated (https://rpubs.com/mjulkowska/Cowpea2022alltraits), and subsequently used for GWAS. The GWAS data was analyzed, and the most interesting associations were selected (https://rpubs.com/mjulkowska/Cowpea2022Gwas). </p> <p>The raw data was collected by Hayley Sussman, with help of Olga Khmelnitsky, while GWAS was performed by Magdalena Julkowska, using ASReml script developed by Arthur Korte (https://github.com/arthurkorte/GWAS), adapted for cowpea. </p>
Data for: Atypical singing is associated with developmental stress and zero fitness in a male white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
<p>Here we provide data for a manuscript in which we describe the atypical song of a male white-throated sparrow (<em>Zonotrichia albicollis</em>). We observed this male over multiple breeding seasons at our Cranberry Lake study site (Adirondack Mountains; New York; 44.15N, 74.78W). We recorded the male singing, and also made observations regarding his failure to obtain reproductive success. In addition, as the male was banded as a nestling, we were able to compare his morphometric measurements at the time to the population average. Our observations of this unique individual support a connection between developmental stress, atypical song, and fitness outcomes.</p>
Figure 1 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of drought.
Figure 2 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 2. Effects of salinity stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of salinity.
"Analysis of near-field stresses in an analogue strike-slip fault model" Dataset
<p>This dataset contains both raw data and preliminary processed data. Overall, the dataset is divided into three parts: loading device data, internal strain brick data and VIC-2D data.</p>
Acute stress and restricted diet reduce bill-mediated heat dissipation in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia): Implications for optimal thermoregulation
<p>We used thermal imaging to show that two environmental factors—acute stress and diet—influence thermoregulatory performance of a known thermal window, the avian bill. The bill plays important roles in thermoregulation and water balance. Given that heat loss through the bill is adjustable through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and acute stress can cause vasoconstriction in peripheral body surfaces, we hypothesized that stress may influence the bill's role as a thermal window. We further hypothesized that diet influences heat dissipation from the bill given that body condition influences the surface temperature of another body region (the eye region). We measured the surface temperature of the bills of song sparrows (<em>Melospiza</em> <em>melodia</em>) before, during, and after handling by an observer at 37°C ambient temperature. We fed five birds a restricted diet intended to maintain bodyweights typical of wild birds, and we fed six birds an unrestricted diet for five months prior to experiments. Acute stress caused a decrease in the surface temperature of the bill, resulting in a 32.4% decrease in heat dissipation immediately following acute stress, before recovering over approximately 2.3 minutes. The initial reduction and subsequent recovery provide partial support for the haemoprotective and thermoprotective hypotheses, which predict a reduction or increase in peripheral blood flow, respectively. Birds with unrestricted diets had larger bills and dissipated more heat, indicating that diet and body condition influence bill-mediated heat dissipation and thermoregulation. These results indicate that stress-induced vascular changes and diet can influence mechanisms of heat loss and potentially inhibit optimal thermoregulation.</p>
Dataset: A quantitative 1H NMR approach for evaluating the metabolic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mild heat stress
<p>In this study, the effect of growth temperature on the yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>) metabolome has been analyzed by one-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR).</p> <p>Yeast cells were grown either at 30 or 37°C. A non-targeted chemometric evaluation of the spectra was performed in order to detect potential biomarkers. Moreover, an exhaustive assignment for most of the detected NMR signals was carried out, corresponding to 38 identified metabolites. Resonances from these identified metabolites were integrated, and univariate and multivariate data analyses were applied on the matrices of these relative concentrations. Observed changes in metabolite concentrations were consistent with the expected process of temperature acclimation, showing alterations in amino acid cellular pools, nucleotide metabolism and lipid composition.</p>
Postrelease exploration and stress tolerance of landlocked and anadromous Atlantic salmon and their hybrids
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>We studied postrelease explorative behavior and stress tolerance of Landlocked and anadromous Atlantic salmon and their hybrids. For the research, we hybridized the Landlocked salmon of Lake Saimaa with a Baltic anadromous salmon from River Kymijoki, Southern Finland (strain originally from River Neva, Russia). These fish were hybridized in November 2017 and October 2018 in the Kainuu Fisheries Research Station, Paltamo, Kainuu, Finland (kfrs.fi).<br><br>In the data the fish are treated as four strains (column 'Strain'): <strong>1.</strong> Purebred Landlocked salmon (LLxLL), <strong>2. </strong>hybrids, where the maternal population was landlocked salmon (LLxBA), <strong>3. </strong>hybrids, where the maternal population was Baltic anadromous salmon (BAxLL) and <strong>4. </strong>purebred Baltic anadromous salmon (BAxBA).</p> <p><strong>Experiment 1. Post-release exploration</strong></p> <p>In experiment 1., consisting of two separate trials, we studied post-release exploration of the fish in four circular seminatural streams. (Datasets 'Exploration2018.csv' & 'Exploration2020.csv', see also 'Figure_1.jpg')</p> <p><strong>Experiment 2. Stress tolerance</strong></p> <p>In experiment 2. we studied the stress response and recovery of the fish (Dataset 'Stress_BernoulliData.csv', see also 'Figure_2.jpg').</p>
Early-life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: a meta-analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
<p><span>Fitness consequences of early-life environmental conditions are often sex-specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here we use meta-analysis to evaluate sex-specific sensitivity to early-life nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature-derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that </span><span>females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males. Stressful nutritional conditions during development typically lead to female-biased mortality and thus increasingly male-biased sex ratios of emerging adults. We further demonstrate that the general trend of higher sensitivity to food stress in females can primarily be attributed to their typically larger body size in insects and hence higher energy needs during development. By contrast, there is no consistent evidence of sex-biased sensitivity in sexually size-monomorphic species. Drawing conclusions regarding sex-biased sensitivity in species with male-biased size dimorphism remains to wait for the accumulation of relevant data. Our results suggest that environmental conditions leading to elevated juvenile mortality may potentially affect the performance of insect populations further by reducing the proportion of females among individuals reaching reproductive age. Accounting for sex-biased mortality is therefore essential to understanding the dynamics and demography of insect populations, not least importantly in the context of ongoing insect declines.</span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.