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opennotspecifiedDec 2016View details →

FIGURES 16–19 in The genus Brechmorhoga Kirby, 1894, in the West Indies, with a proposed new status for Brechmorhoga archboldi (Donnelly) (Odonata; Libellulidae)

FIGURES 16–19. Brechmorhoga praecox praecox: (16) male Mexico, Veracruz, habitus. (17) head, frontal view. (18) (19) male, abdomen S6–10 and cerci, lateral view.

opennotspecifiedJun 2012View details →

Figs. 3–10 in First Reported Occurrence ofHoplopygaThomson, 1880 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini) from the West Indies, with Description of a New Species

Figs. 3–10. Hoplopyga spp. Elytral apices of males of 3) H. antilliana and 4) H. liturata; Parameres of

opennotspecifiedJun 2012View details →

Figs. 1–2 in First Reported Occurrence ofHoplopygaThomson, 1880 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini) from the West Indies, with Description of a New Species

Figs. 1–2. Dorsal view of males of 1) Holotype of Hoplopyga antilliana and 2) Hoplopyga liturata from Venezuela. Fig. 2 courtesy of Maurizio Bollino.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2021View details →

FIGURE 4 in Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism

FIGURE 4. Previously published illustrations of bona fide Govenia utriculata. A. Illustration from Fragmenta Botanica (Jacquin 1809: t. 32, fig. 4). B. Illustration from Botanical Magazine (Hooker 1845: t. 4151). C. Illustration from Flora of Jamaica (Fawcett and Rendle 1910: t. 22, fig. 1−3). D. Illustration by B. Angell. Reproduced with permission of the publisher and illustrator from: James D. Ackerman and Collaborators, Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles, pg. 202, fig. 54. © 2014, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2021View details →

FIGURE 2. Govenia utriculata. A. Labellum and column from front after tipping the labellum downwards. B. Perianth dissection, segments flattened. C. Column, side view. D. Column, front view. E. Pollinarium removed from a flower bud just before anthesis, front view. F in Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism

FIGURE 2. Govenia utriculata. A. Labellum and column from front after tipping the labellum downwards. B. Perianth dissection, segments flattened. C. Column, side view. D. Column, front view. E. Pollinarium removed from a flower bud just before anthesis, front view. F. Part of a pollinarium of a self-pollinating flower at anthesis; the large pollinium on the right-hand side is swollen because of germination of the pollen tubes. G. Pollinarium of a post-anthetic, self-pollinating flower showing the dried viscidium and the pollinia fussed to the rostellar tissue caused by pollen germination. H. Near-mature capsules. All from Salazar & Octaviano-Landa 10282. Photographs by Gerardo A. Salazar (A−G) and Víctor I. Octaviano-Landa (H).

opennotspecifiedFeb 2021View details →

FIGURE 1. Govenia utriculata. A in Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism

FIGURE 1. Govenia utriculata. A. Clump of plants in situ. B. Base of a plant removed from leaf litter to show the depressed corm from the previous year's growth and the developing corm enclosed by the sheath bases. C. Inflated sheaths of two adjacent plants. D. One such sheath illuminated from behind to show the accumulation of rainwater. E. Inflorescence. F. Flower, oblique view. G. Flower, front view. H. Labellum and column in natural position, side view. All from Salazar & Octaviano-Landa 10282. Photographs by Gerardo A. Salazar.

Fig. 6. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 6. a, lectotype of Solanum miragoanae Urb., Ekman 7289 (S04-2952) (= S. tetramerum). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; b, lectotype of S. tetramerum Dunal var. fuertesii O.E. Schulz, Fuertes 284 (NY00111372) (= S. tetramerum Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the New York Botanical Garden; c, lectotype of S. tetramerum var. luxurians O.E. Schulz, Ekman H.9979 (S04-2827) (= S. tetramerum Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; d, lectotype of S. lobulatum O.E. Schulz, Smith & Smith 1575 (K000196493) (= S. urens Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Fig. 5. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 5. a, lectotype of Solanum schulzianum Urb., Eggers 2208 (K000196492); b, lectotype of S. selleanum Urb. & Ekman, Ekman H.3127 (S04-2981). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; c, lectotype of Aquartia aculeata Jacq., Jacquin, Select. Stirp. Amer. t. 12, 1763) (= S. tetramerum Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library; d, neotype of S. inclusum Griseb., Linden 1986 (BM000886483) (= S. tetramerum Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum, London.

Fig. 4. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 4. a, lectotype of Solanum orthacanthum O.E. Schulz, Fuertes 1890 (A00077559). Reproduced with permission of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; b, lectotype of S. pachyneurum O.E. Schulz var. glabrescens O.E. Schulz, Wright 382 p.p. (left hand stems of GH00112906) (= S. pachyneuroides). Reproduced with permission of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; c, lectotype of S. pachyneurum O.E. Schulz, Linden 1944 (K000196232). Reproduced with permission of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; d, lectotype of S. polygamum Vahl var. thomae O. Kuntze, Kuntze 36 (NY0074477) (= S. polygamum). Reproduced with permission of the New York Botanical Garden.

Fig. 2. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 2. a, lectotype of Solanum chamaeacanthum Griseb., Wright s.n. (GOET0001971); b, lectotype of S. hoplophorum O.E. Schulz, Fuertes 1023 (S04-2916) (= S. crotonoides Lam.). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; c, lectotype of S. formonense O.E. Schulz and of S. formonense var. parvifolium O.E. Schulz, Ekman H.10265 (S04-2911) (= S. crotonoides Lam.). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; d, lectotype of S. dendroicum O.E.Schulz & Ekman, Ekman H.15102 (S04-2902). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Fig. 3. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 3. a, lectotype of Solanum drymophilum O.E Schulz, Sintenis 2374 (BM000886627) (= S. ensifolium Dunal). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum, London; b, lectoytpe of S. gundlachii O.E. Schulz, Wright 3030 (GH00077553). Reproduced with permission of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; c, lectotype of S. maestrense Urb., Ekman 14456 (S04-2941). Reproduced with permission of the Swedish Museum of Natural History; d, lectotype of S. squarrosum O.E. Schulz, Schomburgk 51 (L0403808). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum of the Netherlands.

Fig. 1. Solanum bahamense L. a in Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies

Fig. 1. Solanum bahamense L. a, Lectotype of S. fruticosum Mill., Houstoun s.n. (BM000815974); b, lectotype of S. varginstonicum Buc'hoz, Buc'hoz, Pl. Nouv. Découv. 48., t. 46, 1784. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library; c, lectotype of Solanum persicifolium Dunal, Plumier, Plant. Amer. t. 245, f. 2, 1763. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library; d, lectotype of S. bahamense var. lanceolatum Dunal, Sloane, Voy. Jamaica t. 145, fig. 3, 1707. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library; e, epitype of S. bahamense var. lanceolatum Dunal (BM000589942). Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum, London; f, lectotype of S. persicifolium var. belloi O.E. Schulz, Heller 4605 (F-80757). Reproduced with permission of the Field Museum of Natural History.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Dewlap color variation in Anolis sagrei is maintained among habitats within islands of the West Indies

<p>Animal signals evolve in an ecological context. Locally adapting animal sexual signals can be especially important for initiating or reinforcing reproductive isolation during the early stages of speciation. Previous studies have demonstrated that dewlap color in Anolis lizards can be highly variable between populations in relation to both biotic and abiotic adaptive drivers at relatively large geographical scales. Here, we investigated differentiation of dewlap coloration among habitat types at a small spatial scale, within multiple islands of the West Indies, to test the hypothesis that similar local adaptive processes occur over smaller spatial scales. We explored variation in dewlap coloration in the most widespread species of anole, Anolis sagrei, across three characteristic habitats spanning the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, namely beach scrub, primary coppice forest and mangrove forest. Using reflectance spectrometry paired with supervised machine learning, we found significant differences in spectral properties of the dewlap between habitats within small islands, sometimes over very short distances. Passive divergence in dewlap phenotype associated with isolation-by-distance did not explain our results. On the other hand, these habitat-specific dewlap differences varied in magnitude and direction across islands, and thus our primary test for adaptation -- parallel responses across islands -- was not supported. We suggest that neutral processes or selection could be involved in several ways, including sexual selection. Our results shed new light on the scale at which signal color polymorphism can be maintained in the presence of gene flow, and the relative role of local adaptation and other processes in driving these patterns.</p>

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. From Senegal and Guinea-Bissau (including the Bijagos Archipelago), E to just W of the Volta River system in Ghana; possibly also in S Mauritania. Introduced into the Cape Verde and Canary Is, as well as to Barbados, Nevis, and Saint Kitts Is in the West Indies. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. From Senegal and Guinea-Bissau (including the Bijagos Archipelago), E to just W of the Volta River system in Ghana; possibly also in S Mauritania. Introduced into the Cape Verde and Canary Is, as well as to Barbados, Nevis, and Saint Kitts Is in the West Indies.

FIGURES 20–22 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 20–22. Detailed distribution maps of New World Chimerothalassius species. 20. Collection locality of Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov. on Montserrat. 21. Collection localities of Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov. on Dominica. 22. Collection localities of Chimerothalassius sp. on west coast of Costa Rica. Map data: Google, DigitalGlobe. Scale bar = 10 km.

FIGURES 11–13 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 11–13. Male hypopygium of Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov. 11. Left lateral view. 12. Right lateral view. 13. Cerci, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; d sur—dorsal lobe of surstylus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epandepandrium; hypd—hypandrium; hyprct—hypoproct; pgt lb—postgonite lobe; ph—phallus; v epand proc—left ventral epandrial process; v sur—ventral lobe of surstylus.

FIGURES 1–2 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 1–2. Type locality habitat photograph and female habitus of Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov. 1. Rocky coastal type locality at Woodlands Beach, Montserrat (photo by Justin Runyon). 2. Female specimen from Layou River mouth, Dominica collected by W.W. Wirth, January 9th, 1965.

FIGURES 17–18 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 17–18. Female terminalia of Chimerothalassius sp. from Costa Rica. 17. Spermatheca. 18. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; tg—tergite.

FIGURES 14–16 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 14–16. Female terminalia of Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov. 14. Spermatheca. 15. Dorsal view. 16. Lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; spmth—spermatheca; st—sternite; tg—tergite.

FIGURES 5–6 in New species of Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae) from the West Indies and Costa Rica

FIGURES 5–6. Chimerothalassius runyoni sp. nov., foreleg. 5. Male left foreleg, posterior view. 6. Female left foreleg, apex of tibia and tarsus, dorsal view. Abbreviation: tsm—tarsomere.