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Fig. 2 in Recurrent volcanic activity recorded in araucarian wood from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoenvironmental interpretations

Fig. 2. Outcrops of the Springhill Formation in the Estancia El Álamo locality. A. Panoramic view of the Springhill Formation outcrop overlying the El Quemado Complex. B. Polymictic conglomerate beds with a sandstone bed intercalation, Springhill Formation. C. Detail of the polymictic conglomerate with siliceous (S) and volcanic (V) clasts. D. Pyroclastic (P) and siliceous (S) clasts in the conglomerate.

Fig. 7 in Recurrent volcanic activity recorded in araucarian wood from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoenvironmental interpretations

Fig. 7. Araucarian wood Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. (MPMPB15596), Estancia El Álamo, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Berriasian–Valanginian. Transverse sections observed under LM. A. General aspect showing numerous, at least five frost rings (brackets). B, C. Detail of frost rings. B. Two frost rings. Note normal and rectilinear trajectory of rays (arrows) alternate with more sinuous and distended rays (arrowheads). C. Detail of frost ring cell layers, from inside to outside. Note normal tracheids that gradually grade into irregular shaped tracheids (bar) followed by a dark layer of collapsed dead cells (arrow) followed by a layer of distorted axial tracheids difficult to recognise individually. Also note dark contents in lumen cells. Scale bars: A, 3 mm; B, 1.5 mm; C, 150 µm.

Fig. 6 in Recurrent volcanic activity recorded in araucarian wood from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoenvironmental interpretations

Fig. 6. Araucarian wood Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. (MPMPB15596), Estancia El Álamo, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Berriasian–Valanginian. Wood sections observed under LM. A–C. Transverse view. A. Slightly marked growth ring (arrows). B. Detail of growth ring, arrow shows layers of rectangularflattened latewood tracheids. C. Detail of earlywood tracheids and rectilinear trajectory of rays (arrow). D–G. Longitudinal tangential view. D. General aspect, arrows indicate partially biseriate rays. E–G. Details of biseriate rays (arrows), arrowhead shows resin plugs. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 150 µm; D–G, 100 µm.

Fig. 10 in Recurrent volcanic activity recorded in araucarian wood from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoenvironmental interpretations

Fig. 10. Hypothetical scenario in the Estancia El Álamo locality (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Berriasian–Valanginian) following volcanic disturbances. A. Preeruption stage. Seedlings, juvenile, and mature trees of Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. growing in a warm almost subtropical palaeoenvironment. Note volcanoes in the distance. Photo shows wood with slightly growth ring. B. Initial eruption stage. Volcanoes begin to eject silicate dust and sulfur compounds into the stratosphere. C. Climax eruption stage. Aerosol layer thickness is markedly increased producing the decrease of the surface air temperature below subzero values. Photo shows wood damaged by frost. D. Posteruption stage. Volcanoes activity begins to cease and temperature begins to rise to original values.

Fig. 6. A in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 6. A. Strict consensus tree of 100 most parsimonious trees (CI = 0.238; RI = 0.538; L = 1089) recovered in the cladistic analysis of the dentition-based data matrix with an unconstrained search. B. Strict consensus tree of 100 most parsimonious trees (CI = 0.238; RI = 0.609; L = 669) recovered in the cladistic analysis of the tooth-crown-based data matrix.

Fig. 7 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 7. Results of the discriminant analysis performed at the "group"-level on the whole dataset along the first two canonical axes of maximum discrimination in the dataset with personal measurements of CH (A) and teeth larger than two centimeters (B). A. For 400 teeth belonging to 46 theropod taxa and 12 groupings (PC1 and PC2 account for 38.08% and 30.78% of the total variance, respectively). B. For 725 teeth belonging to 53 theropod taxa and 13 groupings (PC1 and PC2 account for 47.39% and 27.61% of the total variance, respectively). Abbreviations: AL, apical length; CBL, crown base; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; MCL, mid crown length; MCW, mid-crown width; MSL, mesial serrated carina length.

Fig. 4 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 4. Abelisaurid tooth of Morphotype III (IIPG-06) from "Dino 1" site (S 39°08'; W 67°40'), Paso Córdoba locality, 14 km southwest of the town of General Roca, Río Negro Province; Allen Formation (middle Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous); in labial (A1), lingual (A2), mesial (A3), distal (A4), apical (A5), and basal (A6) views; detail of the distal denticles at the apical three-fourths of the crown height (A7).

Fig. 3 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 3. Abelisaurid tooth of Morphotype II (IIPG-09) from "Dino 1" site S 39°08'; W 67°40'), Paso Córdoba locality, 14 km southwest of the town of General Roca, Río Negro Province; Allen Formation (middle Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous); in labial (A1), lingual A2), mesial (A3), distal (A4), apical (A5), and basal (A6) views; detail of the crown apex (A7).

Fig. 1 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 1. Location maps of the study area within the Neuquén Basin (A, B). Geological map indicating the different units recognized in Paso Córdoba (Argentina), star marks collecting of specimens (C). Field photos of the excavation of specimens (D, E).

Fig. 8 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 8. One of the paleoecological interpretations of the Paso Córdoba site. Theropods scavenging the carcass of a sauropod. Artwork by Jorge González, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina.

Fig. 5 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 5. Strict consensus tree of two most parsimonious trees (CI = 0.198; RI = 0.457; L = 1314) recovered in the cladistic analysis of the dentition-based data matrix with constrained search and setting the three morphotypes as floating terminals.

Fig. 2 in Isolated theropod teeth associated with a sauropod skeleton from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina

Fig. 2. Abelisaurid tooth of Morphotype I (IIPG-02) from "Dino 1" site (S 39°08'; W 67°40'), Paso Córdoba locality, 14 km southwest of the town of General Roca, Río Negro Province; Allen Formation (middle Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous); in labial (A1), lingual (A2), mesial (A3), distal (A4), apical (A5), and basal (A6) views; detail of marginal undulations (A7); mesial (A8) and distal (A9) denticles at the apical three-fourths of the crown height; detail of the mesial denticles at the apical three-fourths of the crown height (A10). Abbreviations: cs, concave surfaces; mca, mesial carina; dca, distal carina; sps, spalled surface; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp; interdenticular space.

Fig. 10 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 10. Strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs (A), and reduced strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs (B) showing the alternative phylogenetic positions for Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. ("a") and the combined OTU for Trialestes romeri ("b"). Note that in the strict consensus trees the clade Aphanosauria is not exactly recovered as defined by Nesbitt et al. (2017) (Spondylosoma + Teleocrater + Dongosuchus + Yarasuchus) due to the multiple alternative phylogenetic positions of Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. and Spondylosoma absconditum.

Fig. 11 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 11. Reduced strict consensus tree of the 1188 MPTs depicting alternative most-parsimonious phylogenetic positions (solid black circles) and suboptimal alternative positions of one extra step and two extra steps for Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov.; "b" represents the alternative most-parsimonious positioins for Trialestes romeri (combined OTU). Schematic drawings of anterior cervical vertebrae in right lateral view of selected taxa with elongated necks: Tropidosuchus romeri (A; modified from Arcucci 1990), Teleocrater rhadinus NMT RB505 (B), Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. PVSJ 397 (C), Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum PVL 4597 (D; modified from Lecuona et al. 2017), Xilousuchus sapingensis IVPP V6026 (E), Mandasuchus tanyauchen NHMUK PV R6792 (F), Trialestes romeri PVL 3889 (G). E–G are mirrored for comparison. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 9 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 9. Photographs (A1, A2) and interpretative drawings (A3, A4) of left ilium of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in lateral (A1, A3) and medial (A2, A4) views. Arrows indicate anterior direction.

Fig. 8 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 8. Photograph (A1) and interpretative drawing (A2) of selected sacral (S1, S2) and caudal vertebrae (Ca1, Ca2) of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right {?} view. Gray coloring represents bone fragments and sediment.

Fig. 6 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 6. Photographs of selected dorsal vertebrae (D6–D8) of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right (A1) and left (A2) lateral views. Arrows indicate anterior direction.

Fig. 4 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 4. Photograph (A1) and interpretative drawing (A2) of articulated pair of anterior cervical vertebrae of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right lateral view. Posterior view of neural spine detailed in inset (stippled lines). Grey coloring represents broken bones and other fragments. Arrow indicates anterior direction.

Fig. 3 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 3. Photograph (A1) and interpretative drawing (A2) of isolated anterior cervical vertebra of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right lateral view. Grey coloring represents broken bones and other fragments.Arrow indicates anterior direction.

Fig. 5 in An enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian- Norian, Upper Triassic, Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Fig. 5. Photograph (A1) and interpretative drawing (A2) of the articulated series of dorsal vertebrae (D6–D10) of the archosauriform Incertovenator longicollum gen. et sp. nov. (PVSJ 397) from Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian–Norian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, Argentina; in right lateral view. Gray coloring represents broken bones and sediment. Arrow indicates anterior direction.