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FIGURE 7 in Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)

FIGURE 7. Tarsi of Thomisidae, tarsi showing trichobothrial number and pattern, dorsal view. A, B, D–H female; C male. A Thomisus granulifrons; B Aphantochilus rogersi, left leg 4; C Pharta gongshan, left leg 1; D Epidius parvati, left leg 4; E Thomisops pupa, left leg 1; F Geraesta hirta, left leg 1; G Stephanopis cambridgei, left leg I; H Aphantochilus taurifrons, left leg 4. Scale bars = 20 µm (D), 100 µm (A–C, E–H).

FIGURE 15. Aphantochilus taurifrons. A in Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)

FIGURE 15. Aphantochilus taurifrons. A male palp, ventral view; B epigynum, ventral view; C–D vulva (C ventral, D dorsal). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)

FIGURE 4. Parsimony reconstruction of the ratio of anterior width to posterior width of median ocular area, coded as follows: (0) MOA-WA=MOA-WP; (1) MOA-WAMOA-WP. Thus mapped, this character system requires a minimum of 10 steps on the preferred cladogram. See text for details.

FIGURE 18 in Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae)

FIGURE 18. Borboropactus cinerascens (MHNG). A. male palp (A ventral, B prolateral, C retrolateral); D epigynum, ventral view; E vulva, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (D, E), 0.5 mm (A–C).

opencc-zeroJan 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Pereira T, Reis A, Cardoso D, Cristiano M (2018) Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and localization of the (TTAGG)n telomeric repeats in the chromosomes of Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863) suggests a lower ancestral karyotype for leafcutter ants. Comparative Cytogenetics 12(1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i1.21799

Figure S1. Phylogenomic tree used to estimate the ancestral chromosome number. : Explanation note: Numbers at nodes represent the first and second most likely haploid chromosome number followed by posterior support values under Bayesian optimization and the ancestral haploid chromosome number with best likelihood under maximum likelihood optimization, as follows: [first haploid state (P.P.%)// second haploid state (P.P.%)// ML haploid state].

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Comparative mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles hyrcanus and Anopheles messeae supplementary files

Table S1. This study encompassed 105 species, along with their corresponding taxonomy and GenBank registration numbers. Figure S1 Inferred secondary structures of tRNAs in the mt genome of An. hyrcanus (A) and An. messeae (B), with corresponding amino acids labeled next to the tRNAs.

opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

Comparing patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in reef coral communities

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Fig. 4 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 4 Absence of Gregory's diverticulum in Marginoproctus (a–e) as well as presence and shape of the organ in the Scutellidae (f–o) and Dendrasteridae (p–t). The figure shows selected X-ray images and a photograph of a dissected specimen. a–e Marginoproctus djakonooi (3, 3, 5, 6, 9 mm test length); f–j Scaphechinus griseus (2, 6, 9.5, 35, 36 mm);

Fig. 8 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 8 Evolution of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars. a The phylogenetic tree shows a combination of results based on analyses of morphological characters (Mooi 1987, 1990; Kroh and Smith 2010; Mooi et al. 2014). Marginoproctus is omitted due to uncertain placement. Note that branch length is uninformative in this schematic. Taxa in bold black letters do possess Gregory's diverticulum, while taxa in regular black letters don't. The occurrence of the organ in taxa marked in gray letters remains unknown or inconclusive. b X-ray images of selected species, illustrating evolution and loss of the organ in sand dollars. (c) Clypeaster rosaceus (35 mm test length), (d) Laganum joubini (19 mm), (e) Echinocyamus pusillus (5.5 mm), (f) Fibularia ooulum (5.5 mm), (g) Rotula deciesdigitatus (22 mm), (h) Sinaechinocyamus mai (3.5 mm), (i) Echinarachnius parma (12 mm), (j) Scaphechinus griseus (8.5 mm), (k) Dendraster excentricus (9 mm), (l) Astriclypeus mannii (9 mm), and (m) Mellita grantii (23 mm). Black square = hypothetical evolutionary event,†= fossil taxon, R! = loss of structure

Fig. 6 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 6 Presence and shape of Gregory's diverticulum in the Mellitidae (Encope, Mellitella, Leodia). The figure shows selected X-ray images. a, b Encope michelini (9, 16 mm test length); c, d Encope micropora (36, 42 mm); e Encope wetmorei (14 mm); f–j Mellitella stokesii (15, 19, 26,

Fig. 5 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 5 Absence of Gregory's diverticulum in the Astriclypeidae. The figure shows selected X-ray images as well as virtual MRI sections. a–e Astriclypeus mannii (9, 13, 16, 17.5, 16 mm test length); f– j Sculpsitechinus auritus (8, 11, 28, 30, 16 mm); and k–o Echinodiscus bisperforatus (12, 30, 31, 32, 15 mm). White arrows denote the area of the

Fig. 2 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 2 Absence of Gregory's diverticulum in the Clypeasteridae (a–f), Laganidae (g–m), Echinocyamidae (n–p), Fibulariidae (q, r), and the miniaturized rotulid Fibulariella (s, t). This figure shows selected X-ray images, virtual MRI sections at the level of the main digestive tract, as well as a drawing and a photograph of dissected specimens. a, b Clypeaster reticulatus (24 mm test length); c Ammotrophus cyclius (35 mm); d, e Arachnoides placenta (27 mm); f Fellaster zelandiae (47 mm); g, h

Fig. 1 in Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)

Fig. 1 Semischematic illustration of the two principle shapes of Gregory's diverticulum in sand dollars. The figure is based on volume renderings of μCT data obtained from specimens of a Scaphechinus mirabilis (21 mm test length) and b Mellitella stokesii (17 mm). The shape of Gregory's diverticulum can be discerned due to the presence of X-ray-opaque sediment contained within the organ. The course of the predominantly empty main digestive tract is drawn in white (primary siphon not shown). White numbers denote ambulacra (I–V) and interambulacra (1–5), while black letters (A–J) and numbers (1–5) indicate ambulacral or interambulacral lobes, respectively. Both images

Fig. 17 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 17 Strict consensus of 40 shortest trees (340 steps) using maximum parsimony under equal weighting. Bremer support (BS) and Jackknife resampling frequency values (JK)

Fig. 18 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 18 Preferred implied weight tree (k value = 15) with subfamily classification. Main clades are labelled with capital letter in circles (see "Discussion"). Symmetric resampling (SR) frequency values (in red) are the maximum value for that clade in all IW trees (k = 1–30). Black dots represent synapomorphies identified by unambiguous optimization (WinClada)

Fig. 15 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 15 Larval abdomen sensilla, characters and states. a Spinarge fulvicornis. b Arge berberidis. c Neodiprion lecontei (Diprionidae). d Sphacophilus apios. e Pampsilota dahomeyanus. f Dielocerus diasi. g Spinarge fulvicornis sublateral lobes (sllb). h Atomacera decepta. i Ptenos amazonicus. j Trichorhachus sp. k Cimbex sp. (Cimbicidae). l Scobina. m Schizocerella pilicornis. n Didymia connurasae. o Siobla sturmii (Tenthredinidae)

Fig. 16 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 16 Larval body, characters and states. a Sphacophilus apios thorax. b Monoctenus melliceps (Diprionidae) thoracic legs. c Sphacophilus apios T10 dorsal view. d Monoctenus melliceps (Diprionidae) posterior abdomen, lateral view. e Neodiprion lecontei (Diprionidae) larvapods. f Arge pullata abdomen, lateral view. g Scobina sp. Larvapods in lateral view. h, i Sericoceros mexicanus. h Lateroventral region of abdomen. i Lateroventral gland. j Pterygophorus cinctus (Pergidae) abdomen posterior end. k Perga sp. (Pergidae) pretarsus. l Philomastix xanthophylax (Pergidae) abdomen posterior end. m Antargidium sp. Habitus. n Scobina sp. Habitus. Abbreviations: lvp, larvapod; S, abdominal sternum; sbp, subanal plate; splb, surpedal lobe; sp, spiracle; T, abdominal tergum

Fig. 6 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 6 Zenarge turneri larva, posterior end of abdomen. a Lateroventral view. b Larvapod, seventh segment. c Tenth segment, posterior view. Abbreviations: lvp, larvapod; pslb, postspiracular lobe; S, abdominal sternum; sbp, subanal plate; splb, surpedal lobe; sslb, subspiracular lobe; T, abdominal tergum

Fig. 14 in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 14 Larval abdomen, characters and states. a–d Larvapods. Arge berberidis. b Scobina melanopyga. c Aproceros leucopoda. d Arge pullata. e Blasticotoma filiceti (Blasticotomidae) laterodorsal tergal processes. f Cimbex sp. (Cimbicidae) supraspiracular gland. g–i Postspiracular gland. Aproceros leucopoda. h Sterictiphora serotina. i Atomacera decepta. j Acordulecera sp. (Pergidae) sucker-like infraspiracular gland. k, l Aprosthema brunniventre. k Posterior end of abdomen lateral view. l Subanal lobe. m, n Aproceros leucopoda. m Posterior end of abdomen, dorsal view. n Subanal lobe. o Blasticotoma filiceti (Blasticotomidae) subanal lobe. Atomacera decepta posterior margin of T10. Abbreviations: lvp, larvapod; sp, spiracle; S, abdominal sternum; T, abdominal tergum

Fig. 2 Zenarge turneri larva. a Habitus, lateral view. b–d Head. b Posterior view. c Frontal view. d Lateral view. e in Comparative anatomy of the larvae of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae): a phylogenetic approach

Fig. 2 Zenarge turneri larva. a Habitus, lateral view. b–d Head. b Posterior view. c Frontal view. d Lateral view. e Antenna. Abbreviations: anc, antacorium; ant, antenna; ata, anterior tentorial arms; atp, anterior tentorial pits; clp, clypeus; cls, clypeo-labral suture; crd, cardo; cs, coronal sulcus; ct, corporotentorium; e, eye; es, epistomal suture; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frons; ge, gena; lbp, labial palp; lm, labrum; lvp, larvapod; mxp, maxillary palp; md, mandible; n, notum; occ, occiput; ocu, ocularium; ocs, occipital sulcus; pf, palpifer; pgb, postgenal bridge; pgn, postgena; prm, prementum; psm, postmentum; sp, spiracle; st, stipes; v, vertex; vs, vertical sulcus