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FIGURE 19 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the middorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, middorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion.

FIGURE 11 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 11. Callinera nishikawai sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3133. A, external appearance of the preserved specimen before serial sectioning. B, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the composition of the body wall; arrowhead indicates the neurofibrous layer. C, transverse section through the anterior region of the rhynchodaeum. D, transverse section through the posterior region of the rhynchodaeum showing the sphincter (indicated by the arrowhead). E, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the rhynchocoel muscular sac. BM, basement membrane; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; IN, intestine; LM, bodywall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LO, lateral sensory organ; LV, lateral blood vessel; MS, rhynchocoelic muscular sac; OC, bodywall outer circular muscle layer; RC, rhynchocoel; RD, rhynchodaeum.

FIGURE 10 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 10. Carinina plecta section through the rhynchocoel wall (RW) in the plane that contains rhynchocoel vessel (RV) and the lateral blood vessel (LV), showing the rhynchocoel.

FIGURE 9 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 9. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. A, transverse section through the junction between the foregut and intestine (IN), showing the intestinal anterior pouches (arrowheads). B, longitudinal section showing the excretory system. EP, epidermis; EX, excretory collecting tubule; IC, bodywall inner circular muscle layer; LM, bodywall longitudinal muscle layer; LV, lateral blood vessel; NP, nephridiopore; RC, rhynchocoel.

FIGURE 7 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 7. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. Drawing of a transverse section through the rhynchodaeal region. BM, basement membrane; CN, cephalic peripheral nerve; CT, connective tissue; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; LD lower middorsal nerve; OC, bodywall outer circular muscle layer; RI, rhynchodaeal inner longitudinal muscle layer; RN, rhynchodaeal nerve; RO, rhynchodaeal outer muscle wall, composed of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscle fibres; UD, upper middorsal nerve.

FIGURE 8 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 8. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. A, transverse section just posterior to the proboscis insertion; arrowhead indicates muscle bundles derived from the rhynchocoel inner longitudinal muscle layer (RL), extending into the proboscis (PR). B, transverse section through the proboscis insertion. C, transverse section through the proboscis. D, higher magnification of C showing the inner circular muscle layer of the proboscis (PI). PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, proboscis nerve; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer; RC, rhynchocoel; RD, rhynchodaeum.

FIGURE 6 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 6. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. A, tangential section of the body wall showing diagonal muscles (DM). B, transverse section through the anterior portion of the ventral cerebral commissure (VC) showing horizontal transverse muscles below the rhynchocoel (indicated by the arrowhead). C, transverse section through the vicinity of the mouth region; black arrowheads indicate horizontal transverse muscle fibres, white arrowheads indicate branches of the buccal nerves. D, sagittal section through the intestinal region to show one of the aberrantly thick muscle fibres. BC, buccal circular muscle; BN, buccal nerve; BW, buccal wall; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; G1, acidfuchsinpositive glandular cell; LB, longitudinal muscles below horizontal transverse muscles; LL, lateral blood lacuna; LM, bodywall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RW, rhynchocoel wall.

FIGURE 5 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 5. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. Drawing of a transverse section through the foregut region. BM, basement membrane; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; FG, foregut; IC, bodywall inner circular muscle layer; LD, lower middorsal nerve; LM, bodywall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LP, longitudinal muscle plate between rhynchocoel and alimentary canal; LV, lateral blood vessel; OC, bodywall outer circular muscle layer; RV, rhynchocoel vessel; UD, upper middorsal nerve.

FIGURE 4 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 4. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. Drawing of a transverse section through just anterior to the mouth. BM, basement membrane; BN, buccal nerve; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; CP, cerebral sensory organ pit; G1, acidfuchsinpositive glandular cell; LB, longitudinal muscles below horizontal transverse muscles; LD, lower middorsal nerve; LM, bodywall longitudinal muscle layer; OC, bodywall outer circular muscle layer; PR, proboscis; UD, upper middorsal nerve; VG, ventral cerebral ganglion.

FIGURE 2 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 2. Schematic paleonemertean cross section showing the measurements used in calculating the epidermal height to body diameter indices. A, width of the body; B, height of the body;,,, and, the thicknesses of the epidermis on the left, right, dorsal, and ventral sides of the body; BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis.

FIGURE 1. A–D in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 3 in Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan

FIGURE 3. Carinina plecta sp. nov. Holotype, female, ZIHU3123. A, photograph of the holotype taken in life; the caudal end of the body is missing. B, the natural shape of the head in creeping mode. C, transverse section through the precerebral region showing the various glandular cell types found in the epidermis; the arrowheads indicate connective tissue processes from the basement membrane. D, transverse section through the intestinal region; note the acidophilic granular accumulation in the epidermis around the gonopore (indicated by the arrowheads). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; CN, cephalic peripheral nerve; G1, acidfuchsinpositive glandular cell; G2, glandular cell stained with an orange colour; G3, glandular cell stained with a purple colour; G4, basophilic glandular cell; GP, gonopore; HE, head; IC, bodywall inner circular muscle layer; IN, intestine; LN, lateral nerve cord; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RW, rhynchocoel wall; UD, upper middorsal nerve.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Flat-bed scanner images and daily growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots data in SMEAR II Hyytiälä

This zip-file contains (1) the daily root scanner images of three flat-bed scanners during the growing season of 2018 in SMEAR II, Hyytiälä.  The images were brightness adjusted by the Authors. The images were taken between 25.04.2018-01.10.2018. The missing images for scanner 2 due to connection errors: 27.05-28.05.2018 and 04.08.2018.  Missing dates for scanner 3: 29.08-02.09.2018 and 14.10.2018. (2) daily_root_growth We used 'Winrhizotron 2015a' software to analyze the daily root elongation data, divided by pioneer and fibrous roots, including daily active root number, and average daily elongation rate (3) CASSIA_root We estimated the growth phenology of aboveground tree organs, such as shoots, needles, buds and secondary xylem using the ‘Carbon Allocation Sink Source Interaction’ (CASSIA) model (Schiestl-Aalto et al. 2015). Simulated aboveground organs' data and our root data were combined in the same dataset. (4) surface_area Root surface area increase rate ( analyzed by 'Winrhizotron 2015a' software), divided by pioneer and fibrous roots

Fig. 16 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 16 Male terminalia: Plistonax inopinatus (a–f): a tegmen (ventral view); b endophallus (ventral view); c endophallus (lateral view); d ventral arc (ventral view); e tergite VII (dorsal view); f tergite VIII (dorsal view). P. rafaeli (g–l): g tegmen (ventral view); h endophallus (ventral view); i endophallus (lateral view); j ventral arc (ventral view); k tergite VII (dorsal view); l tergite VIII (dorsal view). Points and gray shapes represent sclerotized structures. Scale bars: 0.5 mm

Fig. 15 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 15 Plistonax inopinatus (a– g): a male's dorsal habitus; b male's ventral habitus; c female's dorsal habitus (paratype); d female's ventral habitus (paratype); e lateral habitus; f head (anterior view); g semierect seta of the elytral punctures, character state 28:0 (thick), micrograph (from left to right, base and apex; zoom 1500×). P. rafaeli (holotype) (h– l): h male's dorsal habitus; i male's ventral habitus; j lateral habitus; k head (anterior view); l semierect seta of the elytral punctures, character state 28:1 (slen- der), micrograph (from left to right, base and apex; zoom 900×). Scale bars: 5 mm, except figures f, k (1 mm), g, and l (25 μm)

Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 1 Character illustrations: a 1:0 male's gena with margin curved (anterior view, Plistonax inopinatus). b 1:1 male's gena with margin straight (anterior view, Aegomorphus jaspideus). c 3:0 scape slightly expanded to the mid-region (dorsal view, Ateralphus dejeani). d 3:1 scape strongly expanded in the mid-region (dorsal view, P. inopinatus). e 25:0 elytron with median-basal crest reaching no more than the half and 26:0 median-basal crest with anterior region straight (dorsal view, P. albituberculatus). f 25:1 elytron with median-basal crest reaching beyond the half and 26:1 median-basal crest with anterior region curved (dorsal view, P. inopinatus). g 19:0 prosternal process with lateral margin concave (ventral view, Steirastoma breve). h 19:1 prosternal process with lateral margin straight (ventral view, P. rafaeli). i 19:2 prosternal process with lateral margin convex (ventral view, P. inopinatus). Red arrows highlight the character states 1:0 and 1:1. Mbc, median-basal crest. Scale bars: 1 mm

Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 3 Character photographs: a 12:0 pronotum with punctures mainly in the anterior and posterior margins, rarely in the central region (dorsal view, Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) daviesii). b 12:1 pronotum with punctures distributed uniformly, 13:0 pronotum with small punctures, 17:0 pronotum without median-longitudinal ridge (dorsal view, Ateralphus dejeani). c 13:1 pronotum with large punctures, 17:1 pronotum with medianlongitudinal ridge, and 18:1 pronotum with sparse white setae (dorsal view, Plistonax inopinatus). d 30:1 femora with sparse white setae and 32:1 male's protarsus with fringes of black setae (dorsal view, male of P. inopinatus). e 31:0 metatibia with darker stain near the apex in subapical position (lateral view, P. inopinatus). f 31:1 metatibia with darker stain near the apex in apical position (dorsal view, P. insolitus). Red arrow highlights the character state 17:1; blue arrows highlight the character states 31:0 and 31:1. Scale bars: 1 mm

Fig. 9 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 9 Male terminalia: Miguelmonneus insolitus (a–f): a tegmen (ventral view); b endophallus (ventral view); c endophallus (lateral view); d ventral arc (ventral view); e tergite VII (dorsal view); f tergite VIII (dorsal view). Plistonax albituberculatus (g–l): g tegmen (ventral view); h endophallus (ventral view); i endophallus (lateral view); j ventral arc (ventral view); k tergite VII (dorsal view); l tergite VIII (dorsal view). Points and gray shapes represent sclerotized structures. Ap, apophysis; Is, internal sac; Ml, median lobe; Ms, median strut; Par, paramere; Rp, ringed part. Scale bars: 0.5 mm

Fig. 8 in Phylogenetic approach redefines Plistonax (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with new combinations and a new genus of flat-faced long-horned beetles

Fig. 8 Miguelmonneus insolitus (a–f): a male's dorsal habitus; b male's ventral habitus; c female's dorsal habitus; d female's ventral habitus; e lateral habitus; f head (anterior view). Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) daviesii: g head (anterior view). Plistonax albolinitus (h–n): h male's dorsal habitus; i male's ventral habitus; j female's dorsal habitus; k female's ventral habitus; l lateral habitus; m head (anterior view); n semierect seta of the elytral punctures, character state 28:0 (thick), micrograph (from left to right, base and apex; zoom 1300×). Scale bars: 5 mm, except figures f, g, m (1 mm), and n (25 μm)