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FIGURES 17–24. Parancylodiscoides signiferi n in Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961

FIGURES 17–24. Parancylodiscoides signiferi n. sp. 17. Whole Worm (Ventral). 18. Ventral anchor. 19. Dorsal anchor. 20. Ventral bar. 21. Dorsal bar. 22. Hook. 23. Male copulatory organ. 24. Egg.

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FIGURES 1–8. Haliotrema sanchezae n in Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961

FIGURES 1–8. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. 1. Whole Worm (Ventral). 2. Half-moon-shaped sclerotIzed pIece. 3. Ventral anchor. 4. Dorsal anchor. 5. Ventral bar. 6. Dorsal bar. 7. Hook. 8. Male copulatory organ.

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FIGURE 3 in Marine and freshwater fishes of Alabama: a revised checklist and discussion of taxonomic issues

FIGURE 3. Map of collections records for freshwater fishes ('F' designations; blue circles) vs. primarily marine fish species ('M' designations; red circles) known from Alabama based on our final combined database. Map extent, data layers, and physiographic features are the same as in Fig. 2 (see captions of Figs. 1 and 2 for additional details).

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FIGURE 2 in Marine and freshwater fishes of Alabama: a revised checklist and discussion of taxonomic issues

FIGURE 2. Map of the study area and specimen records for marine and freshwater fishes of Alabama in the final combined database of FishNet2 and SEAMAP records collated herein. Boundaries of Alabama and neighboring states are shown (thin black and gray lines), and the background includes a 30 s-resolution digital elevation model from WorldClim v2.1 (Fick & Hijmans 2017) rendered in a continuous green-black palette with increasing elevation, as well as gray hill shade layers (shaded relief). The Fall Line (thick red line) and the outline of the Mobile River Basin (light gray shading) are shown for reference. Tick marks along figure margins are 1-degree graticules. Points (50% transparent black circles) represent n = 10,325 unique, georeferenced localities corresponding to fish collections and observations in our final combined database (see text and accompanying Mendeley Data accession for additional details; Bagley 2023).

FIGURE 9 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 9. Selected examples of symbiotic associations between reef fishes recorded at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The barber goby Elacatinus figaro cleans the head of the jubauna reeffish Chromis jubauna hovering close to the goby's cleaning station (a); the same cleaner species inspects the back of the nocturnal squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis that approached its cleaning station (b); juvenile spotfin hogfish Bodianus pulchellus cleans the mouth of the spotted moray Gymnothorax moringa (c); adult of the same hogfish species cleans the head of the jubauna reeffish (d); the wrasse Halichoeres sp. n. follows a group of the white trevally Pseudocaranx dentex, which stir sediment clouds while feeding on the sandy bottom (e); the dusky grouper Mycteroperca marginata closely follows the goldspotted snake eel Myrichthys ocellatus that nudges its head in rocky crevices (f); the spotfin hogfish follows the flying gurnard Dactylopterus volitans moving close to the bottom (g); two diskfish Remora remora attached near the mouth of the Atlantic manta Manta birostris (h).Photos: M. Andrade (h); A. Carvalho Filho (e-f); J. P. Krajewski (a); O.J. Luiz Jr. (c-d, g); A. de Luca Jr. (b).

FIGURE 8 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 8. Cluster analysis of habitat types at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park based on the similarity of species composition. The relative distribution of trophic categories in each habitat is shown in the graphs. CAR = Carnivore; MIF = Mobile Invertebrate Feeder; OMN = Omnivore; PIS = Piscivore; PLK = Planktivore; ROVH = Roving Herbivore; SIF = Sessile Invertebrate Feeder; TERH = Territorial Herbivore.

FIGURE 10 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 10. Targeted and endangered top-predators recorded at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The dusky groupers Mycteroperca marginata are very common in the area, but attain unusual large size and are largely unafraid of divers, contrarily to what happens at other unprotected sites (a); the goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (b) and the cubera snapper Lutjanus cyanopterus (c). Several individuals of these two latter species have been seen at in the Laje de Santos in the last two years, after a period of more than ten years over which they remained unrecorded at the site. Photos: A. Carvalho-Filho (c); L. Cheidde (b); A. Valente (a).

FIGURE 3 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 3. Some abundant fish species at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The tomtate grunt Haemulon aurolineatum (a); adult and juvenile sergeant major Abudefduf saxatilis (b); the brown chromis Chromis multilineata (c); juvenile dusky damselfish Stegastes fuscus (d); intermediate individual of the jubauna reeffish Chromis jubauna (e); the silver porgy Diplodus argenteus (f); juvenile porkfish Anisotremus virginicus (g); the ringneck blenny Parablennius pilicornis (h). Photos: O.J. Luiz Jr, except (e) by L.F. Cassino.

FIGURE 6 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 6. Selected fish species that dwell in the deep reef (30-45 m) community at the Laje de Santos State Marine Park. The deep-reef wrasse Halichoeres sp.n. (a); the reeffish Chromis cf. enchrysura (b); the red porgy Pagrus pagrus (c); the Brazilian sandperch Pinguipes brasilianus (d); the sea basses Acanthistius brasilianus (e), A. patachonicus (f) and Dules auriga (g); the snowy grouper Hyporthodus niveatus (h). The former species (a) is probably a Brazilian endemic, closely related to the Northwestern Atlantic species H. bathyphilus. The distinctive status from its sister species is supported by molecular mtDNA analysis (L.A. Rocha pers. comm.).The last six species (c-h) ranges southward to temperate Patagonian rocky reefs. Photos: A. Carvalho-Filho (e-g); O.J. Luiz Jr. (a-d, h).

FIGURE 4 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 4. Relative proportions of geographic distribution types of the species observed at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. Br = Brazilian Province; CE = Central Atlantic; CT = Circumtropical. EA = Eastern Atlantic; SCa = Southern Caribbean; SE = Southeastern Brazil; TA = Trans-Atlantic; WA = Western Atlantic.

FIGURE 5 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation

FIGURE 5. Selected Brazilian endemic reef fish species that occur at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The barber goby Elacatinus figaro (a); the Brazilian yellowcheek wrasse Halichoeres dimidiatus, initial phase (b); the Brazilian wrasse Halichoeres brasiliensis, intermediate phase (c); the Noronha wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum, terminal male (d); the tuiupiranga parrotfish Sparisoma tuiupiranga, initial phase (e); Zelinda's parrotfish Scarus zelindae, initial phase (f); the reef parrotfish Sparisoma amplum, initial phase (g); the gray parrotfish Sparisoma axillare, terminal male (h). Photos: O.J. Luiz Jr, except (d) by I. Cavas.

Figure 17 in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 17. †Titanonarke megapterygia sp. nov. from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.135576; B, detail of the head and hyoid apparatus. Abbreviations: ao, antorbital cartilage; cb, ceratobranchials; hym, hyomandibula; me, Meckel's cartilage; nc, nasal capsule; pq, palatoquadrate; sca, scapulocoracoid; syn, synarcual; rf, rostral fontanelle; ro, rostral cartilage. Scale bars = 50 mm.

Figure 12 in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 12. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. Close-up of the distal end of pelvic fins of MCSNV IG.91128, which is supposed to be the unique male individual based on the presence of claspers. Abbreviations: cla, clasper; dfr, first dorsal-fin radials, pelvic radials. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 9. A in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 9. A, synarcual and pectoral girdle of Narcine brasiliensis (AMNH 95343) in dorsal view; B, synarcual and pectoral girdle of †Titanonarke molini (MCSNV IG.VR.91359) in ventral view. The arrowheads indicate the posteriorly directed lateral stays of the synarcual. The arrows indicate the posteriorly directed scapular process of the scapulocoracoid. Abbreviations: cb, ceratocranchials; sca, scapulocoracoid; ss, suprascapula; syn, synarcual. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 6 in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 6. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, the juvenile individual MCSNV IG.VR.91359; B, reconstruction. Abbreviations: ao, antorbital cartilage; cb, ceratobranchials; hym, hyomandibula; la, labial cartilages; me, Meckel's cartilage; mes, mesopterygium; met, metapterygium; nc, nasal capsule; pel, prepelvic process; pub, puboischiadic bar; pq, palatoquadrate; pro, propterygium; ps, pseudohyoid; rad, pectoral radials; ro, rostral cartilage; sca, scapulocoracoid; ss, suprascapula; syn, synarcual. Scale bars = 50 mm.

Figure 4 in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 4. Juvenile individuals of †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.91359; B, MCSNV IG.135581. Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 16. A, B, D in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 16. A, B, D, †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site; A, close-up of the abdominal region of MGP-PD 26275 showing the embryo; the anterior region of the body lies on the lower portion of the photo; B, reconstruction; D, detail of the vertebral column of the embryo indicated in B with a dotted rectangle. C, dissected specimen of Potamotrygon tigrina (IUWP 7361) showing the position of the left uterus, just next to the stomach. Abbreviations: int, intestine; liv, liver; lu, left uterus; na, neural arches; ru, right uterus; st, stomach; vc, vertebral centra. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; D = 1 mm.

Figure 15. A, B in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 15. A, B, †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site; A, detail of the abdominal region in MGP-PD 26275 showing the stomach content; B, reconstruction; note also the embryo lying next to the stomach. C, D, close-up of some of the larger foraminifera of the genus †Alveolina in the stomach of MGP-PD 26275. E, dissected specimen of Torpedo nobiliana in ventral view (ESB tn200707_159) showing the position of the stomach, used to identify the accumulation in MGP-PD 26275 as gut contents. Abbreviations: int, intestine; liv, liver; met, metapterygium; pub, puboischiadic bar; sca, scapulocoracoid; st, stomach, syn synarcual. Scale bars: A, B = 50 mm; C, D = 2 mm.

Figure 3 in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 3. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.67290; B, MCSNV IG.91128/9. Scale bars = 100 mm.

Figure 1. A in Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

Figure 1. A, location and geological map of the Bolca area. B, stratigraphical section of the uppermost part of the Monte Postale sequence. Modified from Marram̀a et al. (2016c).