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Figure 13 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 13. Length versus posterior width for sexed eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) lower molar teeth from Warwick, Darling Downs. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4.

Figure 8 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 8. Dimensions of Diprotodon dentaries at position below M3 for the Darling Downs (N = 34), Lake Callabonna (N = 19) and Bacchus Marsh (N = 23) assemblages. Closed markers indicate large-form individuals, open markers indicate small-form individuals.

Figure 12 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of morphological variation in P3 of Diprotodon (all specimens from Myall Creek). A, AMF49697, RP3 (mirrored). B, AMF49698, LP3. C, AMF51864, LP3. D, AMF49700, RP3 (mirrored). E, AMF497100, LP3. F, AMF49703, LP3. G, AMF51863, RP3 (mirrored). H, AMF49695, LP3. I, AMF86825, RP3 (mirrored). J, AMF86826, RP3 (mirrored). Numerals on line drawings denote character variations: 1, parastyle absent or reduced, concurrent with anterior cingulum; 2, parastyle large or bulbous; 3, anterior groove poorly developed; 4, anterior groove moderately developed; 5, cleft between paracone and protocone deep; 6, cleft between paracone and protocone shallow; 7, preprotocrista originates at anterobuccal portion of protocone; 8, preprotocrista originates at mid-buccal to posterobuccal portion of protocone; 9, buccal cingulum moderately to well developed; 10, buccal cingulum poorly developed to absent.

Figure 5 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 5. Diprotodon cheek teeth (M1–4, lacking premolars) from the Darling Downs. A, QMF1517, occlusal aspect of lower right molar row. B, QMF10783, occlusal aspect of upper left molar row.

Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A, lateral aspect of a large-form individual (QMF319). B, lateral aspect of a small-form individual (QMF36129). C, internal aspect of same small-form individual.

Figure 1 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 1. Right dentary fragment, Diprotodon optatum Owen, 1838 (= D. australis Owen 1844; see Appendix 1), genus and species holotype (BM10796), collected from the Wellington Caves, central eastern New South Wales. A, lateral view. B, internal view.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 2. Map of Australia indicating localities where Diprotodon fossils have been recorded (modified from Horton, 1984) and specific assemblages mentioned in the text.

Figure 9 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 9. Line drawings of morphological variation in Diprotodon dentary shape (all specimens from the Darling Downs). A, QMF36129, small form. B, QMF1517, small form. C, QMF319, large form. D, QMF6569, large form. E, QMF10311, large form. F, QMF6633, juvenile large form. Numerals on line drawings denote character variations: 1, anterior portion of ramus gently curved in lateral aspect; 2, anterior portion of ramus expanded and angular in lateral aspect; 3, ventral margin of horizontal ramus straight; 4, ventral margin of horizontal ramus slightly concave; 5, posterior portion of dentary gently curved; 6, posterior portion of dentary angular.

Figure 11. Length versus posterior width for Lake Callabonna Diprotodon lower molar teeth. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 11. Length versus posterior width for Lake Callabonna Diprotodon lower molar teeth. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4.

Figure 10. Length versus posterior width for Darling Downs Diprotodon lower molar teeth. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 10. Length versus posterior width for Darling Downs Diprotodon lower molar teeth. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4.

Figure 6 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 6. Diprotodon cranium (small form) in lateral view collected from the Darling Downs (note that the maxilla is broken and anteroventrally displaced and angled slightly vertically).

Figure 4. Diprotodon P3 and M1. A–B, QMF6633 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 4. Diprotodon P3 and M1. A–B, QMF6633, occlusal and lingual aspects of P3–M1 (Darling Downs). C–D, SAMP36367, occlusal and lingual aspects of P3–M1 (Strezlecki Creek). E–F, QMF11136, occlusal and lingual aspects of P3–M1 (mirrored; Darling Downs).

Figure 15 in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)

Figure 15. Diprotodon upper molar tooth area from major assemblages examined, arranged from left to right in order of increasing latitude. Horizontal line represents the mean, thick vertical line represents two standard deviations, and thin vertical line represents the range of measurements. A, M1. B, M2. C, M3. D, M4.

Fig. 48 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 48. Coronal CT images showing the dorsoventral extent of caudal portion of lateral recess (char. 23). (A) lateral recess does not extend to nasal cavity floor (char. 23.0), Monodelphis domestica, C158 (TMM M-7599), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) lateral recess extends to the floor of the nasal cavity (ch. 23.1), Petauroides volans, C405 (AMNH 150055), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.

Fig. 47. Character 18 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 47. Character 18 (number of endoturbinals) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. Character state 18.0 is the presence of two endoturbinals; 18.1 is the presence of three endoturbinals; 18.2 is the presence of four endoturbinals; 18.3 is the presence of five endoturbinals; 18.4 is the presence of six endoturbinals; 18.5 is the presence of seven endoturbinals; 18.6 is the presence of more than seven endoturbinals. States for this character are illustrated in figure 18.

Fig. 40 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 40. Coronal CT images showing the tube like morphology of the ectoturbinals (char. 21). (A) tube like morphology absent (char. 21.0), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517); (B) ectoturbinals are tube like in shape (char. 21.1), Phascolarctos cinereus, C273 (TMM M-2946). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.

Fig. 49 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 49. Coronal CT images showing the caudal extent of lateral recess (char. 24). (A) rostral in the snout, maxilloturbinal extends caudal to lateral recess (char. 24.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C230 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) lateral recess extends about even with the caudal terminus of the maxilloturbinal (char. 24.1), Dasyurus hallucatus, C286 (TMM M-6921), scale bar equals 5 mm; (C) lateral recess extends caudal to the maxilloturbinal (char. 24.2), Isoodon macrourus, C360 (TMM M-6922), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina.

Fig. 39 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 39. Coronal CT images showing the presence or absence of the rostral portion of endoturbinal I (char. 16). (A) rostral portion present (char. 16.0), Didelphis virginiana, C270 (TMM M-2517); (B) rostral portion absent (char. 16.1), Phascolarctos cinereus, C129 (TMM M-2946). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.

Fig. 38 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 38. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the caudalmost portion of the maxilloturbinal in marsupials (char. 2). (A) caudal maxilloturbinal is simple in morphology and is attached to the nasal cavity wall or floor (char. 2.0), Isoodon macrourus, C314 (TMM M-6922); (B) caudalmost portion of maxilloturbinal becomes an enclosed tube that tapirs into a cone that is unattached to the nasal cavity (char. 2.1), Phascolarctos cinereus, C251 (TMM M-2946). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.

Fig. 35 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography

Fig. 35. Coronal CT images showing the presence or absence of pneumaticity in the caudal nasoturbinal (char. 8). (A) pneumaticity is absent (char. 8.0), Caenolestes fuliginosus, C400 (KU 124015), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) pneumaticity is present (char. 8.1), Potorous tridactylus, C386 (AMNH 65337), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.