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FIGURES 35–40 in Diploneis fenestrata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new aerophilic diatom species from Zambia, Africa

FIGURES 35–40, Diploneis fenestrata SEM: type material (sample D-NWU 12-388), external valve view. Fig. 35. Cingulum and valvocopula. Fig. 36. Illustrating small round shaped openings occurring between papillae-like structures in areolae. Fig. 37. Illustrating curved distal raphe ends. Fig. 38. Illustrating straight central raphe ends sunk in a round depression. Fig. 39. Illustrating cribrate areolae above longitudinal canal. Fig. 40. Illustrating silica depositions in between alveolate striae. Scale bar = 1µm.

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FIGURES 31–34 in Diploneis fenestrata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new aerophilic diatom species from Zambia, Africa

FIGURES 31–34. Diploneis fenestrata SEM: type material (sample D-NWU 12-388). External view of whole valves, showing flat valve surface and square opening on valve surface. Scale bar = 10 µm.

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FIGURES 19–30 in Diploneis fenestrata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new aerophilic diatom species from Zambia, Africa

FIGURES 19–30. Diploneis fenestrata: LM of valves from holotype (BR 4331) (Lumangwe Falls on the Kalungwishi River in Zambia); specimens at different focal depths, showing size range in valve view. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 20–42 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 20–42. Geissleria frolikhiensis sp. nov. Figs 20–42: Figs 20–35: Valve view. Figs 36–39: Live cells with chloroplast structure, explanation in the text. Fig. 40: External valve view, note biseriate striae near axial area (arrow). Figs 41, 42: Internal valve view, note props in areolae and elongated subpolar pores (annulus). (20–39: LM; 40–42: SEM). Scale bar for LM: 10 μm.

FIGURES 2–19 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 2–19. Geissleria baicalosimilis sp. nov. Figs 2–19: Figs 2–10: Valve view. Fig. 11: Frustule view of girdle. Figs 12–14: Live cells with chloroplast structure, explanation in the text. Figs 15, 16: External valve view, note isolated pore in fig. 16 (arrow). Fig. 17: Internal valve view, note isolated pore structure (arrow). Fig. 18 External view of valve end, note structure of elongated subpolar pores (annulus). Fig. 19. Internal view of valve end, note annulus structure with warty outgrowths (2–14: LM; 15–19: SEM). Scale bar for LM: 10 μm.

FIGURES 48–51. Geissleria lacusbaicalensis. Fig. 48 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 48–51. Geissleria lacusbaicalensis. Fig. 48: Internal view of central part of valve, note isolated pore and props in areolae. Encyonema sp. Fig. 49. Internal view of central part of valve, note slit like areolae with presence of props. Placoneis margarita. Fig. 50: Internal view of valve end, note props present around the edges of the areolae. Cymbella microlacusbaicalensis. Fig. 51: Internal view of valve end, note slit like areolae and presence of props in pores within pore fields. (SEM).

FIGURES 44–47. Geissleria pseudobadma. Figs 44, 45 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 44–47. Geissleria pseudobadma. Figs 44, 45: Internal view of valve ends, note slit like areolae structure with evident props and elongated subpolar pores (annulus) with warty outgrowths; isolated pores at valve pole. G. irregularis. Fig 46: Internal view of valve end, note elongated subpolar pores (annulus) with warty outgrowths. Fig. 47. G. lacusbaicalensis. (SEM).

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURE 1: Map showing geographical position of Lake Frolikha close connected with Lake Baikal. First arrow indicates sampling in Lake Frolikha. Second arrow indicates sampling place in Lake Baikal.

FIGURE 43 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURE 43. Phylogenetic analysis constructed from an alignment with 88 sequences and 1137 characters (partial SSU rDNA gene and partial rbcL gene). Values above vertical lines are Bayesian posterior probabilities (<90 are not shown), values below vertical lines are bootstrap support as maximum likelihood analyses (<50 are not shown). Species from the genera Stephanodiscus and Skeletonema were chosen as outgroup.

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FIGURES 23–26 in Two new species of monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from South of China

FIGURES 23–26. Platessa guangzhouae sp. nov. Fig. 23. External view of raphe valve, scale bar = 5 μm. Fig. 24. Internal view of the raphe valve, scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 25. Internal view of raphless valve, scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 26. External view of rapheless valve, scale bar = 5μm.

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FIGURES 17–22 in Two new species of monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from South of China

FIGURES 17–22. Psammothidium hainanii sp. nov. Fig. 17. External view of raphe valve, scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 18. External view of the terminal fissure, scale bar = 3 μm. Fig. 19. External view of rapheless valve, scale bar = 10 μm. Fig. 20. Internal view of the raphe valve, showed the raised helictoglossae, scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 21. Internal view of the rapheless valve, showed the raised sternum, scale bar = 4

FIGURES 21–24 in Description of a new diatom species-Microcostatus dexteri sp. nov.-from terrestrial habitats in southern Poland

FIGURES 21–24. Detailed SEM images of Microcostatus dexteri sp nov. (Figs 21, 24: scale bar = 1 µm, Figs 22, 23: scale bar = 2 µm).

FIGURES 2–20 in Description of a new diatom species-Microcostatus dexteri sp. nov.-from terrestrial habitats in southern Poland

FIGURES 2–20. Light microscopy images of Microcostatus dexteri sp. nov. in size diminution series (scale bar = 10 µm). Figs 15–20 SEM images of Microcostatus dexteri sp. nov. (Fig. 15: scale bar = 3 µm, Figs. 17, 20: scale bar = 4 µm, Figs 16, 18, 19: scale bar = 5 µm)

FIGURES 103–110. Nitzschia tarangensis. SEM except Fig. 103 DIC, all from Y26C. Fig. 103. Holotype specimen, valve view. Fig. 104 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 103–110. Nitzschia tarangensis. SEM except Fig. 103 DIC, all from Y26C. Fig. 103. Holotype specimen, valve view. Fig. 104. Whole valve in SEM, external view. Fig. 105. Internal view of valve fragment showing fibula density (details in Figs 109, 110). Fig. 106. External aspect of apex showing keel extension (long arrow), broad hyaline border of valve (short arrow), and numerous apical pores (arrowhead). Fig. 107. Mid portion of valve showing ribs along edge of valve depression (arrow) and each side of the raphe, and differing pattern of peri-raphe pores on opposite sides of the raphe (arrowheads). Figs 108–110. Internal views of valves showing apices (different valves) and a mid-portion. Arrow on Fig. 108 points to keel extension, arrow on Fig. 109 points to rimate striae near apex. Arrow on Fig 110 points to line of elongate foramina under the rib along the edge of the valve depression. Arrowheads on Figs 108–110 point to periraphe pores visible in the keel. Scale bars: Fig. 105 = 20 µm, Figs 103, 104 = 10 µm, Figs 106–109 = 5 µm, Fig. 110 = 2 µm.

FIGURES 70–78 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 70–78. Parlibellus paschalis. LM DIC except SEM Figs 77, 78. Figs 70–72. Live cells in different orientations showing plastids resembling hot cross buns in valve view (Fig. 70), butterflies in girdle view (Fig. 71), and obliquely, GU44L. Fig. 73. Several cells still attached in colonies, tube material not visible, GU44K-6. Fig. 74. Single frustule in girdle view, GU44K-6. Fig. 75. Holotype valve, GU44L-C. Fig 76. Valve from GU44K-6. Figs 77, 78. SEM of valves in exterior aspect, showing line of prominent pores along each side of sternum (arrow), and interior aspect showing lack of cuniculi in central nodule; GU44L-C. Scale bars: Figs 70–72 = 20 µm, Figs 73–78 = 10 µm.

FIGURES 50–61 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 50–61. Climaconeis minaegensis (Figs 50–60) and C. petersonii (Fig. 61). Figs 50–52 LM DIC, Figs 53–61 SEM. Figs. 50, 51. C. minaegensis holotype, entire valve and higher power view of one half, Y18E, Yap. Fig. 52. Specimen from BA-5, Bakir Atoll, Marshall Islands, broken valve showing length and bend in valve. Figs 53, 54. Whole valve and detail of central portion, internal view, BA-6, Bakir. Figs 55, 56. External central and apical portions, Y18E. Figs 57, 58. Internal central and apical portions, Y18E. Fig. 59. Internal view with broken raphe sternum showing ribs on both sides of the raphe (arrow). Figs, 60, 61. Internal apical comparison of C. minaegensis (Fig. 60) and C. petersonii (Fig. 61) sternum structure and areola shape. Scale bars: Figs 50–53 = 10 µm, Figs 54–61 = 5 µm.

FIGURES 45–49. Climaconeis tarangensis. Fig. 45. Holotype, Y26C, DIC. Figs. 46–49 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 45–49. Climaconeis tarangensis. Fig. 45. Holotype, Y26C, DIC. Figs. 46–49. SEMs of valves from same sample. Fig. 46. Exterior central portion, also showing copulae. Fig. 47. External apical portion; note silica flap along one side of raphe. Fig. 48. Interior central portion. Fig. 49. Internal apical portion showing helictoglossa and convergent striae. Scale bars: Fig. 45 = 10 µm, Figs 46–49 = 2 µm.

FIGURES 40–44. Thalassionema baculum. Figs 40, 41 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 40–44. Thalassionema baculum. Figs 40, 41. Valves as seen in LM, Fig. 40 the holotype, GU44I-1. Fig. 42. Whole mount in SEM, GU44I-1. Fig. 43. Detail of valve exterior, showing simple occluding bars over the areolae. Fig 44. Detail of interior, showing rimoportula (arrow) and foramina, GU44BF-1A. Scale bars: Figs 40–42 = 5 µm, Figs 43, 44 = 2 µm.

FIGURES 33–39. Divergita macinnisii, curved species. SEM except Fig. 33 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 33–39. Divergita macinnisii, curved species. SEM except Fig. 33 DIC; all from J5, Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Islands. Fig. 33. Holotype, stacked images at several focal planes because frustule is angled. Figs 34–36. External views in SEM: whole frustule and details of center and apex. Figs. 37, 38. Apex and center of specimen from BA-3, Bikar Atoll. Fig. 39. Internal apex, showing rimoportula (arrow) and foramina, J5. Scale bars: Figs 33, 34 = 10 µm, Figs 35–39 = 2 µm.

FIGURES 24–32. Divergita straight species. Figs 24, 25 in New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap

FIGURES 24–32. Divergita straight species. Figs 24, 25. LM images of Divergita spp. Fig. 24. Divergita sp., Yap specimen is a possible example of D. biformis, but is from a different location (Y36) from the SEM holotype. Fig. 25. Divergita sp., Guam specimen, possibly D. decipiens, from the same location (GU52) as the holotype, but a different collection date. D. biformis has also been seen in SEM of samples from GU52, it is not possible to tell which species is shown here. Figs 26–28. Divergita biformis, sp. nov., SEM. Holotype specimen whole mount on stub 1116, Y45-5, whole valve and details of apex and center, showing narrow, linear sternum and areola pattern. Figs. 29–33. Divergita decipiens, sp. nov. SEM. Figs 29–31. Holotype specimen whole mount on stub 566, GU52R-2, external views, showing broad, lanceolate sternum. Fig. 32. Disassociated frustule from same sample, showing interior features of rimoportula (arrow) and foramina, along with external view showing that this is not Hyalosynedra. Scale bars: Figs 24–26, 29 = 10 µm, Figs 27, 28, 30–32 = 2 µm.