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Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2012 through 31-Dec-2012
Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2012 through 31-Dec-2012. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.
Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2013 through 31-Dec-2013
Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2013 through 31-Dec-2013. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.
Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2014 through 31-Dec-2014
Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2014 through 31-Dec-2014. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.
Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 08-Aug-2001 through 31-Dec-2001
Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 08-Aug-2001 through 31-Dec-2001. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately bimonthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the North Shore East Lake Bonney (NELB) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. The North Shore East Lake Bonney SLIME transect is located approximately 2000 m west of the Priscu Stream inflow to the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the North Shore Lake Fryxell (NFRX) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. The North Shore Lake Fryxell SLIME transect is located approximately 500 m west of the Lake Fryxell Camp. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: North Shore Herbivorous Fish Counts, Habitat Associations, and Substrate, 2010
These data describe the species abundance, size distributions, and habitat associations of roving herbivorous fishes (fishes belonging to the families, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, and Siganidae) found in different habitats in the lagoon and forereef on the north shore of Moorea. Adult fishes and large juveniles were counted (and their size estimated) by a SCUBA diver or snorkeler on thirty-four 50 m by 5 m wide transects. After counting large fishes, the entire transect was swam a second time, with the diver looking exclusively for small juvenile fishes on a 1 m swath. In addition to recording the species identity and estimated size of each juvenile encountered, the diver also recorded the particular microhabitat each individual or group of individuals was associated with. Finally, to quantify the relative availability of different types of microhabitat, the diver conducted point contacts where the primary benthic substrate was identified at regular (1 m) intervals on the same transect. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Herbivore Bite Rates on the North Shore Forereef July-August 2010
These data describe bite rates of two abundant species of roving herbivorous fishes found on the forereef, Chlorurus sordidus (Scaridae), and Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae). During several days in July and August 2010, a SCUBA diver followed individual focal fish for a period of up to 5 minutes and recorded the number of bites taken as well the types of substrates bitten. Upon randomly locating a focal individual, divers estimated the total length of that individual as well as their depth at the initiation (and termination) of the observation. Data are organized in two data tables. The first data table (Focal_Herbivore_Bite_Rates) contains individuals that were observed at two depths (~ 10 m and ~ 17 m) at LTER 1 as part of a balanced sampling design (see Sampling Protocol/Design). The second data table (Additional_Bite_Rate_Data) contains individuals that were observed opportunistically at LTER 1 and Resilience 2. To minimize the effect of time of day on fish behavior, all data were collected between 10:00 and 16:00, a period of time which corresponds with peak feeding rates for many herbivorous fishes. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Chemical Limnology of Primary Study Lakes: Nutrients, pH and Carbon 1981 - current
Parameters characterizing the nutrient chemistry of the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes, unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Mendota, Monona, Wingra, and Fish) are measured at multiple depths throughout the year. These parameters include total nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen, nitrite+nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved reactive phosphorus (only in the southern lakes and not in Wingra and Fish after 2003), bicarbonate-reactive filtered and unfiltered silica (both discontinued in 2003), dissolved reactive silica, pH, air equilibrated pH (discontinued in 2014 in the northern lakes and in 2020 in the southern lakes), total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and total particulate matter (only in the northern lakes in this data set; total particulate matter in southern lakes starting in 2000 is available in a separate dataset). Sampling Frequency: Northern lakes- monthly during ice-free season - every 5 weeks during ice-covered season. Southern lakes- Southern lakes samples are collected every 2-4 weeks during the summer stratified period, at least monthly during the fall, and typically only once during the winter, depending on ice conditions. Number of sites: 11
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Benthic Macroinvertebrates 1981 - current
Macroinvertebrates are collected from selected shoreline and deep water locations in three primary research lakes (Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes) in the Trout Lake area using modified Hester-Dendy samplers. Samplers are placed at fyke net and gill net locations in August and retrieved 3-4 weeks later. Macroinvertebrates are preserved in ethanol. This dataset contains counts of various groups of macroinvertebrates identified from specific samples. The majority of the identifications are at the genus level. The data table "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Codes" identifies the taxonomic group represented by each group code. Taxonomic references: Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Edited by James H Thorp and Alan P Covich, Academic Press, Inc, 1991; Aquatic Insects of Wisconsin, William L Hilsenhoff, Natural History Museums Council, University of Wisconsin-Madison (1995). No lakes were sampled in 2020 or 2021. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 17.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Prey - Sonar Data 2001 - current
Total pelagic fish abundance data were collected annually in mid-summer (following stratification) using hydroacoustic surveys along a set of transects in each of eight lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, Mendota, Monona, and Fish), from 1981-1999 (Lakes Monona and Fish from 1995). Hydroacoustic data were not collected in 2000, but collection resumed in 2001 on Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout and continues to the present (with the exception of Crystal in 2004). In 2005, Lake Mendota was included in the annual sampling rotation. This dataset includes data from lakes Crystal, Sparkling, Trout and Mendota from 2001 through present. Lake Mendota was not surveyed in 2020 due to COVID-19. Big Muskellunge Lake was included back into the sampling rotation in 2020 and continues to be surveyed annually. Sonar data represent 1) species-specific whole lake density estimates and average length (target strength (dB)); 2) depth-stratified (1m) species-specific density estimates and average length by 200m transects; and 3) individual depth-specific target length (not assigned to species). Dataset names for the aforementioned are below. 1) North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Prey Whole Lake Density - Sonar Data 2) North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Prey Interval Density - Sonar Data 3) North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Prey Single Target - Sonar Data Although rare, large targets representing predatory species were excluded from the density estimation for pelagic prey species (when n<3 were caught in vertical gillnets) using the proportion of large targets identified during single target analysis on each lake. Pelagic fish densities for lakes Sparkling, Crystal, Big Muskellunge, and Mendota are for the entire basin of each lake. The data shown for Trout Lake represent densities in the south basin only. Number of current sites: 5
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Trout Lake Buoy 2004 - current
The instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from thermistors placed throughout the water column. From 2004 to mid-summer 2006, thermistors were placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 14m, and every 2 to 4m from 14m to the bottom of the water column at 31m. The surface temperature sensors are attached to floats so that they are as close to the surface as feasible. In July 2006, a new thermistor chain was deployed with sensors placed every meter from the surface through a depth of 19 meters. This configuration lasted through 2008 and was used again 2012-2014. In the period 2009-2011, thermistors were place every meter down to 20m and then every two meters to a final depth of 32m. From 2015 to present, thermistors are spaced 0.25 meters from the surface to 1m, 0.5 meters down to 4 meters depth, and 1m spacing to 14 meters. Four more thermistors are at depths of 16, 20, 25 and 30 meters. Sampling frequency was 10 minutes in 2004-2005 and again 2007-2010. It was 2 minutes in 2006. Since 2011, sampling frequency has been every minute. Hourly and daily averages are also provided. Number of sites: 1.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Dissolved Oxygen Data - Trout Lake Buoy 2004 - current
The instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The D-Opto dissolved oxygen sensor is 0.5m from the lake surface. Meteorological sensors measure wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and barometric pressure. Starting in 2005, thermistors were placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 14m and every 2 to 4m from 14m to the bottom of the water column at 31m. In July 2006, a new thermistor chain was deployed with thermistors placed every meter from the surface through a depth of 19 meters. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Data are averaged to daily values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2006. Daily values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2007. Data are averaged to hourly values from one minute samples for years 2005 - 2008, Hourly values are computed from high resolution data starting in year 2009. Hourly and daily values may not be current with high resolution data in the current year. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples. Times are Central Standard Time (CST). Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Metabolism Data - Crystal Bog Buoy 2005 - present
The instrumented buoy on Crystal Bog is equipped with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a thermistor chain, light sensor, and in the past, meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure and lake metabolism. A surface buoy was used from 2005 - 2014, which included a met station beginning 2006. Since then, only a subsurface buoy as been used (no met station), and includes frequent over-winter deployments under the ice. The thermistor chain data is included in a separate dataset (knb-lter-ntl.119). Hourly and daily averages are provided for the met data, while hourly averages are provided for the dissolved oxygen and light data. To accommodate the under-ice deployments, sensor depths vary somewhat year-to-year. Light data is collected with HOBO pendant light and temperature sensors. The make of the dissolved oxygen sensor has changed over the years: YSI (2005), D-Opto (2006-2014), and PME miniDOT (2015-present).
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Crystal Bog Buoy 2005 - current
The instrumented buoy on Crystal Bog is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths ranging from the surface to 2.25 m placed every 0.25m throughout the water column. From the initial deployment in 2005 through 2014, a surface buoy was used in the open water season. Since 2017, a subsurface buoy has been used, including under-ice deployments during the winter. Recorded depths can vary slightly depending on specifics of the year's deployment hardware. The sampling frequency:varies for instantaneous samples. Prior to mid-season 2009, the sample frequency was every 10 minutes. Since then the sampling frequency has been one minute Hourly and daily averages are also provided. Number of sites: 1.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Data: Meteorological, Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll, Phycocyanin - Lake Mendota Buoy 2006 - current
The instrumented buoy on Lake Mendota is equipped with limnological and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. Data are collected every minute. Hourly and daily averages are derived from the high resolution (1 minute) data. Hourly and daily values may not be current with high resolution data as they are calculated at the end of the season. Meteorological sensors measure wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Not all sensors are deployed each season. A list of sensors used since the first deployment in 2006 is provided as a downloadable CSV file. The buoy is removed during the winter when the lake is ice-covered (typically Dec-Apr). Lake temperature data collected at the same buoy site can be found in an ancillary dataset. Number of sites: 1. Location lat/long: 43.0995, -89.4045 Notable events: 2017 - A boating mishap caused the loss of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind sensors between May 28 and July 11. The dissolved oxygen sensor had significant biofouling from algae and zebra mussels. 2019 - A YSI EXO2 sonde was added to the buoy and includes DO, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, specific conductance, pH, fDOM, and turbidity sensors. The chlorophyll and phycocyanin sensors replace Turner Cyclops 7 fluorometers that had been in use in prior years. Both sets of sensors output RFU, but have significant magnitude differences. The YSI pH, DO, and specific conductance sensors were cleaned and recalibrated every two weeks. 2020 - Cleaning and calibration of the YSI sensors occurred nearly every week. The dissolved CO2 sensor was not operating between July 2 and September 17. 2021 - Due to power and communications issues, the buoy was not operating August 22-31, and data is intermittent between November 8 and December 3. An effective method to keep the underwater PAR sensor mostly free of biofouling algae has
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Macroinvertebrate Abundance 1983 - current
Pelagic macroinvertebrates are collected at night from the deepest location of each of the seven primary lakes in the Trout Lake area (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes and bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog]) by vertical tow with a 1-m diameter, 1-mm mesh net. On Trout Lake four additional sites are sampled, where depths are approximately 10m, 15m, 20m, and 25m. Sampling is once per year in the summer, with replicate tows collected on each lake. These tows target the large invertebrate planktivore component of the pelagic zooplankton community. This data set contains the number of individuals in each tow sample of four taxonomic groups: Chaoborus spp. (differentiating between larvae and pupae), Leptodora kindtii, Mysis relicta, and Bythotrephes longimanus. Trout Lake was the only lake sampled in 2020. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 7
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Lake Mendota Buoy 2006 - current
The instrumented buoy on Lake Mendota is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature. In 2006, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 7m, and every meter from 7m to 15m. Since 2007, the thermistors were placed every half-meter from the surface through 2m, and every meter from 2m to 20m. The sensor at the water surface is as close to the surface as feasible. A list of sensors used since the first deployment in 2006 is provided as a downloadable CSV file. Hourly and daily water temperature averages are computed from high resolution (1 minute) data.The buoy is removed during the winter when the lake is ice-covered (typically Dec-Apr). Meteorological and limnological data collected at the same buoy site can be found in an ancillary dataset. Sampling Frequency: one minute. Number of sites: 1. Location lat/long: 43.0995, -89.4045 Notes: The thermistor string failed in June 2014, so there is not data between June 17, 2014 and the start of the 2016 season. The thermistor string failed again in August 2023. It was replaced by Hobo temp loggers at 0, 5,10, 15, 20 meters depth for the remainder of 2023.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Soil Temperature - Woodruff Airport 2006 - current
Soil temperature data are being gathered at a site at the Noble F. Lee municipal airport located at Woodruff, WI. Soil temperature is measured at depths of 0.05m, 0.1m and 0.5m at 1-minute intervals. High resolution data are collected (typically at 10 minute intervals) along with 1-hour and 24-hour averages. Daily minimum and maximum soil temperatures and the times these occur are reported for these same depths. Data are automatically updated into the database every six hours. Prior to August 2006, only hourly averaged data are available. Starting in 2008, soil temperatures are only available from 0.5m depth. Sampling frequency: varies for instantaneous samples; averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples. Number of sites: 1. Data collection failure caused data loss for the first half of 2024.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Pelagic Macroinvertebrate Summary 1983 - current
This is a summary of dataset knb.lter.ntl.13. Derived data include the mean and standard deviation of the number of each species captured as well as the mean and standard deviation of the density of individuals on both an areal and volumetric basis. Five vertical tows are collected after dark at the deepest point of each of the seven primary lakes in the Trout Lake area (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes and bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog]) using a 1-m diameter, 1-mm mesh net. On Trout Lake four additional sites are sampled, where depths are approximately at 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, and 25 m, with three tows taken at each site. Samples are preserved, and later counted in their entirety for Chaoborus spp., Leptodora kindtii, Mysis relicta, and Bythotrephes longimanus. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 7
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