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709 results for “soil carbon”
Supplementary material/Organic carbon dynamics in clay soils: impact of management practices on microorganism structure and abundance under semi-arid conditions
<p>Proper management of soil organic matter in arid and semi-arid regions improves organic carbon storage in the soil, helps in compact soil degradation, and mitigates climate change impacts, and preserves ecosystem functionality and sustainability food security. This study aims to provide a better insight into the biogeochemical processes that drive the organic carbon dynamics of saline clay soil in a semi-arid climate. The study is not intended to be exhaustive but contributes to analyzing the relationship between bacterial microflora, physicochemical properties, and organic carbon dynamics as a function of different soil management modes. The monitoring was carried out on three different plots located at the National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria. A physicochemical characterization of the soils was performed. A metagenomic study was also conducted to identify bacterial biodiversity using PCR-amplified DNA sequencing. The study results show that the control plot has the highest average organic carbon stock value at 47 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. This was followed by the amended plot and the conventional plot, respectively, with 43 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> and 38 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. In the context of this study, organic carbon dynamics would appear to depend on the interaction of several biotic and abiotic factors. Soil management methods would impact the density and diversity of bacterial microflora. This, in turn, affects the soil's physicochemical properties and, more specifically, organic carbon dynamics and storage.</p>
Long-term warming of a forest soil reduces microbial biomass and its carbon and nitrogen use efficiencies
<p>Global warming impacts biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, but it is still unclear how the simultaneous cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils could be affected in the longer-term. Here, we evaluated how 14 years of soil warming (+4°C) affected the soil C and N cycle across different soil depths and seasons in a temperate mountain forest. We used H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O incorporation into DNA and <sup>15</sup>N isotope pool dilution techniques to determine gross rates of C and N transformation processes. Our data showed different warming effects on soil C and N cycling, and these were consistent across soil depths and seasons. Warming decreased microbial biomass C (−22%), but at the same time increased microbial biomass-specific growth (+25%) and respiration (+39%), the potential activity of β-glucosidase (+31%), and microbial turnover (+14%). Warming reduced gross rates of protein depolymerization (−19%), but stimulated gross N mineralization (+63%) and the potential activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase (+106%) and leucine-aminopeptidase (+46%), and had no impact on gross nitrification (+1%). Microbial C and N use efficiencies were both lower in the warming treatment (−15% and −17%, respectively). Overall, our results suggest that long-term warming drives soil microbes to incorporate less C and N into their biomass (and necromass), and to release more inorganic C and N to the environment, causing lower soil C and N storage in this forest, as indicated by lower soil C and total N contents. The decreases in microbial CUE and NUE were likely triggered by increasing microbial P constraints in warmed soils, limiting anabolic processes and microbial growth and promoting pervasive losses of C and N from the soil.</p>
Mineral Protection rather than Aggregate Stability Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Along an Elevated Gradient in Alpine Areas of Southwest China
<p>This data contains Background, Dominant plant and their biomass, Environmental variables, Aggregate stability, Fe/Al oxides, Mass of soil density fractions, Carbon contetn in each density fraction, Mass of aggregates, Carbon content in each aggregate class size, Ratio of carbon content in each soil density and aggregate fractions and Enzyme avtivity of our investigated sites. Total 46 factors were given.</p>
Data from: Integrating variation in bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network with soil carbon dynamics
<p>Bacteria and fungi are core microorganisms in diverse ecosystems, and their cross-kingdom interactions are considered key determinants of microbiome structure and ecosystem functioning. However, how bacterial-fungal interactions mediate soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains largely unexplored in the context of artificial forest ecosystems. Here, we characterized soil bacterial and fungal communities in four successive planting of Eucalyptus and compared them to a neighboring evergreen broadleaf forest. Carbon (C) mineralization combined with five C-degrading enzymatic activities was investigated to determine the effects of successive planting of Eucalyptus on SOC dynamics. Our results indicated that successive planting of Eucalyptus significantly altered the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities and increased the negative bacterial-fungal associations. The bacterial diversity significantly decreased in all Eucalyptus plantations compared to the evergreen forest, while the fungal diversity showed the opposite trend. The ratio of negative bacterial-fungal associations increased with successive planting of Eucalyptus due to the decrease in SOC, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+−N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−−N), and available phosphorus (AP). Structural equation modeling indicated that the potential cross-kingdom competition, based on the ratio of negative bacterial-fungal correlations, was significantly negatively associated with the diversity of total bacteria and keystone bacteria, thereby increasing C-degrading enzymatic activities and C mineralization.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results highlight the regulatory role of the negative bacterial-fungal association in enhancing the correlation between bacterial diversity and C mineralization. This suggests that promoting short-term successive planting in the management of Eucalyptus plantations can mitigate the impact of this association on SOC decomposition. Taken together, our study advances the understanding of bacterial-fungal negative associations to mediate carbon mineralization in Eucalyptus plantations, giving us a new insight into SOC cycling dynamics in artificial forests.</p>
Data from: Community composition and physiological plasticity control microbial carbon storage across natural and experimental soil fertility gradients
<p>Data associated with 'Community composition and physiological plasticity control microbial carbon storage across natural and experimental soil fertility gradients' by Butler, Manzoni, and Warren, published in The ISME Journal (accepted 28/9/2023).</p>
Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak
<p>Progressively warmer and drier conditions impact tree phenology and carbon cycling with large consequences for forest carbon balance. However, it remains unclear how separate impacts of warming and drier soils differ from their cumulative ones and how species interactions modulate tree responses. Using mesocosms, we assessed the multi-year impact of continuous air warming and lower soil moisture acting alone or combined on phenology, leaf-level photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, and aboveground growth of young European beech and Downy oak trees. We further tested how species interactions (monocultures vs. mixtures) modulated these effects. Warming prolonged the growing season of both species but reduced growth for oak. In contrast, lower moisture did not impact phenology but reduced trees' assimilation and growth for both species. Combined impacts of warming and drier soils did not differ from single ones. Performances of both species in the mixtures were enhanced compared to the monocultures under extreme conditions. Our work revealed that higher temperature and lower soil moisture have contrasting impacts on phenology vs. leaf-level assimilation and growth, with the former being driven by temperature and the latter by moisture. Furthermore, we show a compensation of the negative impacts of extreme events by tree species interactions.</p>
Frequent burning causes large losses of carbon from deep soil layers in a temperate savanna
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Data from: Decipher soil organic carbon dynamics and driving forces across China using machine learning
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Empirical data and model simulations of the effect of repeated hurricanes on soil carbon dynamics in a humid tropical forest
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Data from: Leaching losses of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from agricultural soils in the upper US Midwest
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Impact of soil temperature-difference on desert carbon-sink
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Data from: Soil carbon change in intensive agriculture after 25 years of conservation management
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Data from: Biodegradable microplastics can cause more serious loss of soil organic carbon by priming effect than conventional microplastics in farmland shelterbelts
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Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
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Aridity drives the response of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon to drought in cropland
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Data from: Climatic water availability mainly drives context-dependency of tree functional diversity effects on soil organic carbon storage in European forests
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Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak
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Soil physical, biological, chemical, and carbon data and cover crop biomass data from Sac Valley almond orchard comparing multiple cover crop compositions with resident vegetation for effects on soil health and nematodes
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Depth-dependent effects of Ericoid Mycorrhizal shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen pools are accentuated under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Trees
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Data from: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) exclusion shifts soil carbon dynamics in mature oak-dominated and hemlock-dominated forest stands
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