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1,133 results for “wetlands”
Lost Creek Wetland Soil Porewater PCO2 August to September 2020
Half-hourly dissolved CO2, also known as CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), was continuously measured in soil porewater at Lost Creek wetland in northern Wisconsin near the flux tower (abbreviated US-Los on AmeriFlux). CO2 concentrations (ppm) are provided from August 16th to September 30th, 2020. This site was also part of the CHEESEHEAD19 intensive atmospheric science field campaign.
Investigation of road salts and biotic stressors on freshwater wetland communities.
The application of road deicing salts has led to the salinization of freshwater ecosystems in northern regions worldwide. Increased chloride concentrations in lakes, streams, ponds, and wetlands may negatively affect freshwater biota, potentially threatening ecosystem services. In an effort to reduce the effects of road salt, operators have increased the use of salt alternatives, yet we lack an understanding of how these deicers affect aquatic communities. We examined the direct and indirect effects of the most commonly used road salt (NaCl) and a proprietary salt mixture (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2), at three environmentally relevant concentrations (150, 470, and 780 mg Cl−/L) on freshwater wetland communities in combination with one of three biotic stressors (control, predator cues, and competitors). The communities contained periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two tadpole species (American toads, Anaxyrus americanus; wood frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus). Overall, we found the two road salts did not interact with the natural stressors. Both salts decreased pH and reduced zooplankton abundance. The strong decrease in zooplankton abundance in the highest NaCl concentration caused a trophic cascade that resulted in increased phytoplankton abundance. The highest NaCl concentration also reduced toad activity. For the biotic stressors, predatory stress decreased whereas competitive stress increased the activity of both tadpole species. Wood frog survival, time to metamorphosis, and mass at metamorphosis all decreased under competitive stress whereas toad time to metamorphosis increased and mass at metamorphosis decreased. Collectively, road salts and biotic stressors both can affect freshwater communities, but their effects are not interactive. The direct and indirect effects of road salts reported are important for management and conservation efforts given the salinization of freshwater systems following winter road maintenance.
Living in the litter: The influence of tree leaf litter on wetland communities, 2006.
Empirical research in streams has demonstrated that terrestrial subsidies of tree leaf litter infl uence multiple community factors including composition, diversity and growth of individuals. However, little research has examined the importance of tree litter species on wetlands, which are ubiquitous across the landscape and serve as important habitats for a unique and diverse community of organisms. Using outdoor mesocosms, we assessed the impact of 12 litter monocultures and three litter mixtures (from both broadleaf and conifer trees) on pond communities containing gray tree frog tadpoles Hyla versicolor , periphyton, phytoplankton and zooplankton. We found that leaf litter species had substantial and diff erential impacts on all trophic groups in the community including eff ects on algal abundance, zooplankton density and amphibian growth. In many instances, patterns of responses were specifi c to individual litter species yet some responses, including both pH values and periphyton biomass, were generalizable to broad taxonomic groups. In addition, while most responses of litter mixtures were additive, we found evidence for antagonistic eff ects of litter mixing among responses of periphyton and amphibian body mass. Our results highlight the potential impact of human and naturally driven changes in forest composition on wetland communities through associated changes in leaf litter.
Coastal Wetland Basal Consumer and End Member C-13 and N-15 Isotopic Ratios Across a Mangrove Encroachment Gradient, 2019
Foundation species support highly productive and valuable ecosystems, but anthropogenic disturbances and environmental changes are increasingly causing foundation species shifts, where one foundation species replaces another. The consequences of foundation shifts are not well understood, as there is limited research on the equivalency of different foundation species and the functions they support. Here, we provide insight into community-level consequences of foundation shifts in the Gulf of Mexico, where the typical marsh foundation species (Spartina alterniflora) is being replaced with a mangrove foundation species (Avicennia germinans), forcing marsh fauna to rely on Avicennia for foundational support. We evaluated the interactions of two common and ecologically valuable basal consumers, fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) and marsh periwinkle snails (Littoraria irrorata), with both foundation species across sites with different levels of mangrove encroachment. By investigating both physical support, measured as habitat association and co-occurrence, and trophic support, as basal resource diet contributions, we found that Avicennia can physically replace Spartina for some consumers, but is not providing equivalent trophic support. Uca and Littoraria commonly occupy encroached sites and associate with mangroves but incorporate almost no mangrove plant matter into their diets. The ultimate consequences of a foundation shift in the case of mangrove encroachment may include shifting energy flows and resource use and decreased populations of basal consumers. Looking at interactions with foundation species from multiple perspectives is necessary to obtain a complete picture of the effects that foundational shifts are having, especially as such shifts are becoming increasingly common.
A case study of the effects of wetland restoration on the hydrology, species diversity, species composition and floristic quality of restored wetlands within a Central Florida ranchland, 2003 - ongoing.
In the USA the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has restored millions of acres of wetlands through its Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) programs. However few quantitative studies have explored whether WREs have enhanced wetland hydrology and wetland plant communities. Additionally USDA Compatible Use Permits for cattle grazing and other management practices are sometimes issued for WREs but little is known about potential benefits/detriments of such practice on the success of wetland restoration. In this study we tested if hydrological restoration of previously drained species poor pastures increased water depth and hydroperiod. Restoration involved plugging key ditches adding water control structures and a berm. We also tested if hydrological restoration increased plant diversity (alpha and beta) floristic quality (using coefficient of conservatism) and increased the cover of wetland species (using species wetland status). Finally we tested if cattle grazing had an effect on the success of restoration by comparing grazed plots to fenced plots. We studied two conservation easements (a total of 748 acres) located on semi-native pastures in central Florida USA. We monitored vegetation using permanent transects stratified by vegetation type before (2004-2005) and after (2012) the restoration (2008). We assessed wetland hydroperiod using groundwater wells set up in 2003 and located within and outside the boundaries of these two easements.
Monthly litterfall, monthly tree band, and annual tree growth of a South Carolina coastal wetland forest
In the southern United States, forested wetlands are of special interest because of the extent of these forests. One of the problems in developing management practices for these areas is the difficulty in adequately describing productivity relations and predicting how the structure and function of these communities might be affected by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Community response to environmental change often occurs over a period of years, and the majority of reported studies are for 1–3 years in duration. This study was initiated in an attempt to examine long-term changes in forest systems in response to drought, flooding, hurricanes, and climate change. This study documents long-term changes in structure, composition, and growth along a gradient of high water table forested sites of an ancient beach ridge landscape in coastal South Carolina. Permanent study plots (20-m x 25-m) were established across a moisture gradient (Xeric, Mesic, and Hydric – 5 plots in each) within a longleaf pine-swamp blackgum forest system on the southern end of the Waccamaw Neck area of Georgetown County, SC in January 2000. Litterfall was measured monthly using five 0.25 m2 litter traps in each plot beginning in February to December 2018. Monthly circumference change was recorded on a subset of trees within each plot using stainless steel dendrometer bands. Diameter of all trees greater than or equal to 10 cm diameter at breast height in each plot was recorded annually at the end of the growing season.
Hurricane Harvey: Coastal wetland plant responses and recovery in Texas: 2014-2019
The capacity of coastal wetlands to stabilize shorelines and reduce erosion is a critical ecosystem service, and it is uncertain how changes in dominant vegetation may affect coastal protection. As part of a long-term study comparing ecosystem functions of marsh and black mangrove vegetation, we have experimentally maintained marsh and black mangrove patches (3 m x 3 m) along a plot-level (24 m x 42 m) gradient of marsh and mangrove cover in coastal wetlands near Port Aransas, Texas. In August 2017, this experiment was directly in the path of Hurricane Harvey, a Category 4 storm. This extreme disturbance event provided an opportunity to quantify differences in resistance between mangrove and marsh vegetation, and the recovery trajectories following the storm. We collected data on changes in plant cover and height from 2014-2019.
Estimated wetland vegetation cover comparing reference and muskrat disturbed areas
Biota that act as ecosystem engineers are increasingly recognized as effective components of habitat restoration as they can continuously alter and shape their environments without human intervention. Muskrats are considered ecosystem engineers and are relatively common in North American wetlands. While muskrat impacts to large areas have been documented, few studies have quantified the impact of muskrats on ecosystem biodiversity. We conducted a field study in wetlands along the Upper St. Lawrence River (New York, USA) to investigate the effects of muskrat herbivory and structure building on plant biodiversity in cattail-invaded wetlands. The data collected are separated into two main groups, i.e. “reference” vegetation surveys and “muskrat” vegetation surveys. “Reference” surveys were conducted for the partial grant fulfillment funded by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation [contract AM10165] and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation special project administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, New York Field Office, Cortland, NY [grant number #2005-0129-055/58859]. “Muskrat” surveys were conducted for the Masters project by Z.X. Kua. The five datasets include 1) Reference quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1912), 2) Reference quadrat cattail measurements (n = 737), 3) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1886), 4) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat cattail measurements (n = 582), and 5) Wetland plant taxa lookup table for vegetation survey (n = 135).
Mercury Imports and Exports of Four Tidal Wetlands in the Sacramento Valley, California
The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) measured import and export loads of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) at four tidal wetlands in the Sacramento Valley of California to comply with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board’s Delta Methylmercury Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). In addition to mercury, DWR collected organic carbon, total suspended sediment, chlorophyll-a, temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, total chlorophyll, velocity, level, and flow data. To do this, three sets of data were collected: 1) velocity, level, and flow data were collected continuously using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, 2) continuous temperature, specific conductance, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total chlorophyll were collected using a water quality sonde, and 3) THg, MeHg, organic carbon, total suspended sediment, and chlorophyll-a were collected via grab samples either by sampling pole or flow-weighted composites with an autosampler.
Grazing and microhabitat interact to affect plant-plant interactions in subtropical seasonal wetlands, 2007-2008
The stress gradient hypothesis predicts that competition will be important in productive environments while facilitation will be common in environments with high stress or consumer pressure. However, abiotic stress and grazing may vary independently and even occur simultaneously. Here we examine the outcome of plant interactions in grazed wetlands where consumer pressure and abiotic stress occur concurrently. We hypothesized that cattle grazing and microhabitat would alter the outcome of plant interactions. Given that wetland edges are drier and less productive than wetland centers we expected that facilitation would be greatest in drier wetland edges due to greater abiotic stress regardless of cattle presence. We conducted an experiment for two growing seasons in ten wetlands, five exposed to cattle grazing and five fenced. Two wetland obligate plants were included (Panicum hemitomon and Alternanthera philoxeroides), and plots were assigned to three treatments 1) all neighbors removed, 2) all neighbors removed except Juncus effusus, a dominant, unpalatable plant, 3) all neighbors intact (control), in both wetland centers and edges. Differences in survival, change in height and number of leaves were assessed. In ungrazed wetlands, plant survival was higher in wetland edges vs. centers, while it did not differ in grazed wetlands. Survival in wetland edges was further increased by the presence of J. effusus. Positive interactions under grazed conditions were clear when plant height was assessed, but negative interactions affected leaf production in both ungrazed and grazed wetlands. Grazing interacts with wetland microhabitat to alter plant survival. Facilitative interactions on plant height were apparent in grazed wetlands. Understanding how plant interactions change under different biotic and abiotic contexts is important for informing ecosystem restoration and management.
Cascading effects of insecticides and road salt on wetland communities, outdoor mesocosm experiment, New York, USA, 2015
Novel stressors introduced by human activities increasingly threaten freshwater ecosystems. The annual application of more than 2.3 billion kg of pesticide active ingredient and 22 billion kg of road salt has led to the contamination of temperate waterways. While pesticides and road salt are known to cause direct and indirect effects in aquatic communities, their possible interactive effects remain widely unknown. Using outdoor mesocosms, we created wetland communities consisting of zooplankton, phytoplankton, periphyton, and leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. We evaluated the toxic effects of six broad- spectrum insecticides from three families (neonicotinoids: thiamethoxam, imidacloprid; organophosphates: chlorpyrifos, malathion; pyrethroids: cypermethrin, permethrin), as well as the potentially interactive effects of four of these insecticides with three concentrations of road salt (NaCl; 44, 160, 1600 Cl- mg/L). Organophosphate exposure decreased zooplankton abundance, elevated phytoplankton biomass, and reduced tadpole mass whereas exposure to neonicotinoids and pyrethroids decreased zooplankton abundance but had no significant effect on phytoplankton abundance or tadpole mass. While organophosphates decreased zooplankton abundance at all salt concentrations, effects on phytoplankton abundance and tadpole mass were dependent upon salt concentration. In contrast, while pyrethroids had no effects in the absence of salt, they decreased zooplankton and phytoplankton density under increased salt concentrations. Our results highlight the importance of multiple-stressor research under natural conditions. As human activities continue to imperil freshwater systems, it is vital to move beyond single-stressor experiments that exclude potentially interactive effects of chemical contaminants.
Effects of mangrove encroachment on tidal wetland plants and epifauna: 2012-2020
Woody encroachment is occurring in many marsh-mangrove ecotones across the globe, with multiple drivers contributing to an increase in mangrove cover. As a result, marsh plant species are often displaced, resulting in a striking regime shift from grass and forb-dominated habitats to taller, woody vegetation. Our goal was to quantify the bottom-up effects of mangrove woody encroachment into coastal wetlands on associated plant and epifaunal assemblages. In 2012, we established several large (> 20 ha) survey areas at tidal wetland sites with or without black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) on the Texas (USA) coast in the Gulf of Mexico, an area highly susceptible to mangrove encroachment. Starting in 2012, we annually recorded vascular plant cover and diversity and recorded snail (Littoraria irrorata) and fiddler crab (Uca spp.) density along transects perpendicular to the shoreline. Marsh plant species richness was 50% lower at sites with mangroves, and some species, such as Sarcocornia spp. and Distichlis spicata, were relatively rare or absent from sites with mangroves. The wetland plant communities at these sites were relatively unaffected by Hurricane Harvey (August 2017). Epifaunal snails and crabs were common at all sites, with abundances that varied over time. Our results indicate that coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves support different and lower diversity plant assemblages than marsh-dominated areas. These results were largely consistent with the results of a previous manipulative experiment in the same area. Therefore, as woody encroachment continues and mangrove cover gradually increases, this change may lead to complex bottom-up effects on a range of ecosystem processes and services.
Soil Microbial and N cycling data along a wetland plant community gradient
This dataset contains soil chemical and microbial data taken from surface soil cores (15cm) from the Black Spruce, Willow/Birch, Tussock, Emergent Fen, and Rich Fen plant communities along the APEX boardwalk. Data include DOC, soil C, potential nitrification, potential denitrification, soil DNA concentration, water content, ammonium concentration, nitrate concentration, archaea abundance, NirK functional gene abundance, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance, ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance, NosZ functional gene abundance, and eubacteria abundance.
The Salinity and phosphorus mesocosm experiment in freshwater sawgrass wetlands: Determining the trajectory and capacity of freshwater wetland ecosystems to recover carbon losses from saltwater intrusion (FCE LTER), Florida, USA from 2015 to 2018
In experimental wetland mesocosms located at Florida Bay Interagency Science Center, Key Largo, Florida, researchers continuously added salinity (approximately 6.9 g salt d-1) and phosphorus ( approximately 0.5 mg P d-1) to Cladium jamaicense peat monoliths from February 2015 to February 2017 and quantified changes in carbon partitioning. Several studies, focusing on the functional roles of marsh, soil, periphyton and microbe in the sawgrass-peat ecosystem, summarized detailed methodology and results (Wilson et al. 2019; Servais et al. 2019; Mazzei et al. in press). Briefly, salinity was increased (~10 ppt) and phosphorus was added (0.45 mg P d-1) to simulate four treatment effects (n = 24 plots): i) freshwater and no-added phosphorus, ii) freshwater and added phosphorus, iii) saltwater and no-added phosphorus, and iv) saltwater and added phosphorus. Upon the termination of manipulation study (early February 2017), containers holding water and peat-sawgrass cores were drained, rinsed, and refilled with only freshwater without any added nutrient and salt. Then, we experimentally restored freshwater to previous treatment and control mesocosms from February 2017 to June 2018 to examine the capacity of wetland ecosystems to recover carbon losses from saltwater intrusion. Note that FCE1226_Water_quality.csv summarizes water quality during both the manipulation and restoration study; however, all other files in the Dataset Title section only summarize results from the restoration study. Detailed methodology is provided below.
Sediment accumulation rate data aggregated from publications describing research conducted in South Florida on coastal wetlands prior to 2022
Wetland sediment accumulation rate data were harvested from publications describing research conducted in the Southeast Saline Everglades, Northeast Florida Bay, the Lower Florida Keys, Southwest Everglades National Park, Ten Thousand Island National Wildlife Refuge, and Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The data were organized into three categories based on the method by which they were calculated: lump sum, core section interval, Sediment Elevation Table Marker Horizon. The data were assembled by Dr. Randall W. Parkinson as part of his research on the resiliency of coastal wetlands to accelerating sea-level rise.
Water Chemistry in Streams, Lakes Wetlands and Groundwater near the KBS LTER at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1996 to 2017)
Dataset Abstract Water chemistry is measured in diverse surface waters and in two water supply wells in the vicinity of the KBS LTER. This dataset includes sites sampled over time (streams, wells, some wetlands) as well as wetland sites sampled once or a few times. A separate dataset includes soil water chemistry sampled from the LTER treatments. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/50
Wetlands litter decomposition data for Green Lakes Valley, 1986 - 1994.
Long-term observations on decomposition of refractory willow leaves and twigs, Carex leaves, and filter paper began in 1986. Litter-bag experiments using pre-abscission willow leaves began in 1988.
Year 2005, 15-30 minute measurements of stage, water temperature and conductivity in a small headwater stream draining draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland), Cart Cr., Newbury, MA.
Continuous measurements, every 15-30 minutes, were made of stage, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH in Cart Creek, Newbury, MA, a small headwater stream draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland). Discharge is determined from stage using discharge vs stage regressions. Several day gaps occur periodically due to removal for recalibration.
Year 2006, 15-30 minute measurements of stage, water temperature, and conductivity in a small headwater stream draining draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland), Cart Cr., Newbury, MA.
Continuous measurements, every 15-30 minutes, were made of stage, water temperature, conductivity in Cart Creek, Newbury, MA, a small headwater stream draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland). Discharge is determined from stage using discharge vs stage regressions. Several day gaps occur periodically due to removal for recalibration.
Year 2007, 10 minute measurements of stage, water temperature in a small headwater stream draining draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland), Cart Creek, Newbury, MA.
Year 2007, continuous measurements, every 10 minutes, were made of stage, water temperature in Cart Creek, Newbury, MA, a small headwater stream draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland) in the Parker River watershed. Discharge is determined from stage using discharge vs stage regressions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.