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Fig. 6 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 6. Posterior hook morphology of Waddycephalus spp., collected from snakes in the Northern Territory of Australia. Overall hook length (AD) versus depth of hook shank (BC) of posterior hooks in Waddycephalus of the Northern death adder (Acanthophis praelongus; black diamond), lesser black whip snake (Demansia vestigiata; grey circle), keelback (Tropidonophis mairii; grey triangle), green tree snake (Dendrelaphis punctulatus; open squares), and slaty grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus; crosses). (a) Raw hook measurements uncorrected for pentastome body size, note four potential clusters; (b) Hook measurements corrected for pentastome body size (residual scores from a linear regression of hook measurements against pentastome body size), note that clusters realign.

Fig. 3 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 3. Neighbour joining topology of Waddycephalus and Raillietiella species, calculated from K2P distances. We included partial COX1 sequences from 43 pentastomids. Host species identifications follow abbreviations given in the text. Branch lengths are proportional, and the scale bar represents 0.05 base substitutions per site. Bootstrap support values greater than 70 are shown next to the branches (1000 replicates). All pentastomids were from Australian snakes except R. frenata which was from the cane toad, Rhinella marina.

Fig. 7 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 7. Waddycephalus spp. body lengths versus the first principal components (PC1) of a principal components analysis of hook dimensions (anterior AD, anterior BC, posterior AD, posterior BC). Contour lines show quantile contours in 5% intervals from a nonparametric density analysis. Different genetic species groupings are denoted by different symbols (triangle = Waddycephalus sp. 2; circles = Waddycephalus sp. 3; crosses = Waddycephalus sp. 5; body size data was not attained for Waddycephalus sp. 1 or 4).

Fig. 5 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 5. Comparison of posterior hook morphology of Raillietiella orientalis from the Northern Territory of Australia versus Asia. Raw barb length (AB) versus overall length (BC) of posterior hooks of R. orientalis measured in the current study (circles) and in Ali et al., 1982 (triangles). Gray symbols denote female pentastomes and open symbols denote male pentastomes.

Fig. 2 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 2. Waddycephalus spp. in the lungs of road-killed snakes collected in the Northern Territory of Australia. (a) One female Waddycephalus sp. (short arrow) and three lesions surrounding Waddycephalus attachment sites (long arrows) in the dissected lung of a green tree snake, Dendrelaphis punctulatus; (b) Three (one is partially obscured) female Waddycephalus sp. (arrows), in the dissected lung of D. punctulatus. Note also multiple visible attachment sites (lines); (c) Two large female and several small male Waddycephalus sp. filling the trachea of the same D. punctulatus depicted in (b); (d) One Waddycephalus sp. deeply embedded in the lung tissue of an ethanol-preserved slaty-grey snake, Stegonotus cucullatus. All scale rules are in centimetres; all photo credits to Crystal Kelehear.

Fig. 4 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 4. Posterior hook morphology of Raillietiella orientalis, collected from snakes in the Northern Territory of Australia. Barb length (AB) versus overall length (BC) of pentastomids measured from four snake species: Northern death adder (Acanthophis praelongus; black diamonds), lesser black whip snake (Demansia vestigiata; grey circles), keelback (Tropidonophis mairii; grey triangles), and water python (Liasis fuscus; dark grey squares). (a) Raw hook measurements uncorrected for pentastome body size, note potential species clusters; (b) Hook measurements corrected for pentastome body size (residual scores from a linear regression of hook measurements against pentastome body size), note that clusters now disappear.

Fig. 1 in Pentastomids of wild snakes in the Australian tropics

Fig. 1. Raillietiella orientalis in road-killed lesser black whip snakes, Demansia vestigiata, collected in the Northern Territory of Australia. (a) Dissected trachea containing a single long R. orientalis; (b) Severe occlusion of the lung by 68 R. orientalis; (c) R. orientalis crawling out of the mouth of a snake. All scale rules are in centimetres; all photo credits to Crystal Kelehear.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Hemoparasites in a wild primate: Infection patterns suggest interaction of Plasmodium and Babesia in a lemur species

Fig. 2. Age-dependence of Babesia sp. infections (grey) and Plasmodium sp. infections (black). The lines represent the predicted values according to the two different GLMMs.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Hemoparasites in a wild primate: Infection patterns suggest interaction of Plasmodium and Babesia in a lemur species

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree of malaria parasite cytochrome b sequences (P. = Plasmodium). The clade formed by lemur malaria parasites is blue. The two sequences detected in this study are highlighted with grey rectangles. Bootstrap values are reported above branches when>50. The scale is in substitution per site.

Fig. 1 in High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas

Fig. 1. Spatial occurrence and distribution of T. cruzi infected, hunter-harvested wildlife, 2014. Number of infected over total number of that species tested are shown by county.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in First findings of Trichinella spiralis and DNA of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild raccoon dogs in the Netherlands

Fig. 1. Finding locations of the raccoon dogs in the Netherlands. Finding locations are indicated with black dots. The finding location of the raccoon dog positive for E. multilocularis is indicated with a green star, the finding location of the raccoon dog positive for T. spiralis is indicated with a red square. Names of the relevant provinces are shown on the map. The marked areas represent the areas in which red foxes positive for Echinococcus multilocularis have been detected in previous studies.

Fig. 4 in Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?

Fig. 4. Overview of parasite detection in managed bees in North America and likely instances of parasite transmission between managed and wild bumblebees.

Fig. 3 in Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?

Fig. 3. Overview of parasite detection in managed bees in Japan and likely instances of parasite transmission between managed and wild bumblebees.

Fig. 5 in Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?

Fig. 5. Overview of parasite detection in managed bees in the British Isles and likely instances of parasite transmission between managed and wild bumblebees.

Fig. 2 in Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?

Fig. 2. Highlighting the three main mechanisms that influence parasite infections between managed and wild bee populations. Arrows represent direction of potential parasite spread as a result of the mechanism.

Fig. 1 in Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?

Fig. 1. The key factors that may drive disease emergence within and between populations of managed and wild bees. Adapted from Daszak et al. (2000).

Fig. 5 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 5. Agarose gel (2%) showing RibDNA-amplified fragments stained with ethidium bromide. Samples are indicated by their ID numbers. Reference strains were used as positive controls: TCI: T. cruzi I, TCII: T. cruzi II, and TR: T. rangeli. M: 1 kb DNA molecular ladder. Fragment size is indicated in base pairs.

Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 2. Study areas showing the locations of the sampled howler groups and the results of molecular analysis: groups with only RibDNA PCR-positive howler monkeys (gray circle); groups with RibDNA and kDNA-PCR-positive howler monkeys (white circle); groups with RibDNA, kDNA, and SatDNA-PCR-positive howler monkeys positive (black circle). A: Isla Brasilera (IB) and Isla del Cerrito (IC); B: San Cayetano (SC) and Estacíon Bioĺogica de Corrientes (EBCo).

Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 1. Location of study areas in Northeastern Argentina: San Cayetano (SC), Estacíon Bioĺogica Corrientes (EBCo), Isla Brasilera (IB) and Isla del Cerrito (IC).

Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization of trypanosomatid infections in wild howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina

Fig. 3. Size variation of amplified kDNA fragments revealed by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Samples are indicated by their ID numbers. Reference strains used as positive controls: TR1 and TR2: T. rangeli, k98: T. cruzi I, ClBr: T. cruzi VI (Cl Brener). M: 1 kb DNA molecular ladder. Fragment size is indicated in base pairs.